磷(P)是一種不可或缺的元素。隨著人口的增加，人類日漸對於磷礦產生依賴，從而造成了磷稀缺的問題。磷作為一種非再生資源，正因為化肥生產需求日益增加，面臨了枯竭危機。隨著都市化和工業化的快速發展，造成的污水已成為了不可避免的問題。許多國家開始注意到磷資源的重要性，並積極尋求磷回收的技術開發，因此從污水中回收有價值的資源受到了關注。

台灣目前有試驗模廠針對污水處理廠之污泥進行磷結晶回收的實作案例，本研究將透過生命週期評估分析探討污水處理廠中回收磷應用於實廠之潛力。透過盤查某廠之污水處理流程以及試驗模廠使用的鹼併超音波水解與流體化床技術，蒐集投入與產出數據進並行生命週期評估後，與國外文獻進行比較，探討台灣與國外使用技術的差異，並檢視污水處理廠設置回收磷設備之效益與環境衝擊。
經評估結果顯示，經特徵化的結果以放流水處理階段在各項環境衝擊的佔比最高環境衝擊總量分別為7.33E-04 kg P eq與6.08E-03 kg N eq。經標準化後的結果在淡水優養化、海洋優養化、淡水生態毒性與海洋生態毒性這四項衝擊類別的表現較為凸出分別為1.13E-03、1.32E-03、9.24E-04與8.07E-04。 在礦產資源稀缺這項衝擊類別中，環境衝擊為-1.40E-10，與未設置磷回收前進行比較，可以減少約130%的環境衝擊。本研究透過生命週期評估結果，表明了磷回收技術增設後，具有改善污水處理廠環境效益的優勢，每處理一噸生活污水可減少約12%的環境衝擊總量。

透過磷回收之環境效益評估，初步地分析磷回收技術的可行性與環境效益，除了減少污水處理廠的環境衝擊，其回收產品能遠低於現有法規標準，表現其發展之潛力；而在經濟效益評估中，將回收產品與市售肥料進行價格比較，仍需要進一步地透過實廠應用後的回收產品進行成本分析，主要受到設備成本與產品品質所影響。

本研究初步蒐集與彙整試驗模廠與F污水處理廠之基本投入與廠出資料，並提出此技術的環境效益與環境衝擊，而數據蒐集仍需要進一步的探討與分析，例如：實廠設置鹼併超音波水解與流體化床技術並參與先期投入與產出數據盤查，建立台灣磷回收技術的完整生命週期評估，進而推動污水處理廠設置磷回收技術的可行性。

Phosphorus (P) is an indispensable element. With the increase of population, humans are increasingly dependent on phosphate rock, which has caused the problem of phosphorus scarcity. Phosphorus, as a non-renewable resource, is facing a crisis of depletion because of the increasing demand for fertilizer production. With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the sewage produced has become an inevitable problem. Many countries have begun to pay attention to the importance of phosphorus resources and are actively seeking technology development for phosphorus recovery. Therefore, the recovery of valuable resources from sewage has attracted attention.

In Taiwan, there is currently a pilot plant that implements phosphorus crystallization recovery of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. This study will explore the potential of phosphorus recovery from wastewater treatment plants to be used in general plants through life cycle assessment and analysis. Through the investigation of the wastewater treatment process of a certain plant and the alkali and ultrasonic hydrolysis and fluidized bed technology used in the pilot plant, after collecting input and output data in life cycle assessment, it is compared with foreign literature to discuss Taiwan and foreign countries. Use the differences in technology, and examine the benefits and environmental impact of wastewater treatment plants setting up phosphorus recovery equipment.
The characterized results show that the highest proportion of environmental impacts in the discharge water treatment stage in each environmental impact are 7.33E-04 kg P eq and 6.08E-03 kg N eq. The standardized results are more prominent in the four impact categories of freshwater and marine eutrophication, freshwater, and marine ecotoxicity, which are 1.13E-03, 1.32E-03, 9.24E-04, and 8.07E-04, respectively. In the impact category of the scarcity of mineral resources, the environmental impact is -1.40E-10. Compared with before phosphorus recovery is not set, the environmental impact can be reduced by about 130%. This study shows that the addition of phosphorus recovery technology has the advantage of improving the environmental efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. Each ton of domestic wastewater treatment can reduce the total environmental impact by about 12%.

Through the environmental benefit assessment of phosphorus recovery, preliminary analysis of the feasibility and environmental benefits of phosphorus recovery technology, in addition to reducing the environmental impact of wastewater treatment plants, the products showing development potential that can up to the existing regulations and standards even below; In the comparison of the prices of recycled products with commercially available fertilizers, it is still necessary to conduct a cost analysis through the recycled products applied in the actual factory, which is mainly affected by the cost of equipment and product quality.

In summary, this study only preliminary collected and aggregated the basic input and output data of the pilot plant and F wastewater treatment plant, and proposed the environmental benefits and environmental impact of this technology. Data collection still needs further discussion and analysis, such as general plant settings alkali and ultrasonic hydrolysis and fluidized bed technology and participate in the preliminary input and output data inventory, establish a complete life cycle assessment of phosphorus recovery technology in Taiwan and then promote the feasibility of phosphorus recovery technology in wastewater treatment plants.

摘要 II
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 VII
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究架構 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1磷資源介紹 8
2.1.1 磷的來源 8
2.1.2 磷的歷史 11
3.1.3 磷稀缺的危機 11
2.2國內外磷資源管理現況 12
2.2.1 台灣 12
2.2.2 歐美 16
2.2.3 中國 19
2.3 磷回收技術文獻回顧 21
2.3.1 從液相中回收磷 21
2.3.2 從污泥相中回收磷 27
2.3.3 國內磷回收技術 33
2.4生命週期評估及污水處理廠與磷回收技術 37
2.4.1 生命週期評估的發展及內容 37
2.4.2 污水處理廠與磷回收技術生之命週期評估研究 44
2.5磷回收技術之經濟效益 46
第三章 研究方法 48
3.1 研究流程 48
3.2污水處理廠回收磷之生命週期評估研究 48
3.2 磷回收環境與經濟效益評估 61
3.3 與國外文獻進行比較 62
第四章 結果與討論 65
4.1磷回收技術之環境效益--生命週期評估結果 65
4.2磷回收技術之經濟效益評估 77
4.3與國外文獻進行比較 78
第五章 結論與建議 81
5.1結論 81
5.2建議 82
參考文獻 84
英文文獻 84
中文文獻 93

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