在第四代與第五代行動通訊系統中，主要以正交分頻多工存取(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDMA)技術為主，而OFDMA在上行鏈路中因為峰值對均值功率比(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio, PAPR)比較高，這會造成傳送端功率放大器的效能降低，因此有了替代方案。離散傅立葉轉換擴展正交分頻多工(DFT-Spread OFDM, DFT-s-OFMD)系統是在傳統OFDM系統中子載波映射(Subcarrier Mapping)前，加入M點離散傅立葉轉換($M$-point DFT)模組的預編碼技術，具有單載波(Single Carrier)的特性。在本文中針對DFT-s-OFDM系統進行不同狀況下的Matlab模擬，再以Simulink設計系統架構並使用HDL Coder轉換為硬體描述語言，最後利用FPGA進行硬體的快速實現以及使用Synopsys Design Compiler進行合成(Synthesis)。經過模擬後會發現DFT-s-OFMD系統在PAPR的表現確實比OFDMA系統降低了約3dB，而且總體複雜度只多了一個DFT演算法，在上行鏈路中是一個很優秀的技術，最後的ASIC合成可以看到，傳送端與接收端的Gate Count分別是2335KGE與3622KGE。

In the 4th generation mobile networks (4G) and 5th generation mobile networks (5G), the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology is mainly used. However, in the uplink, OFDM has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which will reduce the performance of the power amplifier in the transmitter, so there is an alternative. DFT-Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-Spread OFDM) system is a precoding technology, which that adds an M-point DFT module before subcarrier mapping in OFDM systems. DFT-Spread OFDM has the characteristics of a single carrier. In this thesis, the DFT-Spread OFDM system is simulated under different scenarios. The architecture of the DFT-Spread OFDM system transceiver is designed by Simulink. Then hardware description language (HDL) coder is used to convert the designed architecture to (HDL) code, which is then downloaded to Zedboard FPGA for fast prototyping. Finally, for ASIC hardware implementation, the HDL code is synthesized by Synopsys Design Compiler under TSMC 90nm CMOS technology. After the simulation, it will be found that the performance of the DFT-s-OFMD system in PAPR performance is reduced by about 3dB compared with the OFDMA system. The overall complexity is only one more DFT algorithm than the OFDMA system, which is an excellent technology in the uplink.

目錄
1 簡介 1
1.1 前言 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 研究動機 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 內容大綱 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 正交分頻多工 (OFDM) 與正交分頻多工存取系統 (OFDMA) 3
2.1 正交分頻多工 (OFDM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 正交分頻多工存取系統 (OFDMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.1 子載波分配方式 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 子載波映射 (subcarrier mapping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3 Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) 系統 16
3.1 DFT-s-OFDM系統模型 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 DFT-s-OFDM訊號的PAPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.1 峰均功率比 (PAPR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.2 不同子載波映射對PAPR的影響 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 無線行動通訊通道的特徵 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.4 多路徑衰減通道的環境 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4 Simulink HDL Coder 和 FPGA 31
4.1 Simulink 環境介紹 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2 HDL coder 簡介 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.3 FPGA 簡介 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5 模擬與硬體實現 36
5.1 MATLAB 模擬結果 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 Simulink 模擬結果 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3 Result of HDL Coder and FPGA-in-the-Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.4 ASIC 硬體結果 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6 結論 59
7 特別感謝 59
參考文獻 60
論文口試意見答覆與論文修改 65

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