臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

粒徑小於100 (nm)的大氣超細微粒(ultrafine particles, UFPs)，對於健康及環境各個方面都具有重要的影響，例如氣候變遷與對人類不良健康影響等。本研究目的係透過既有研究數據的彙整與分析，探討UFPs的數量濃度空間分布與時間變異之特徵，及其與空氣污染物和氣象因子之相關性。本研究彙整2011年4月8日至2012年8月13日期間，於台灣四個空品區中之14個鄉鎮，使用掃描式電移動度分徑儀和凝結核計數器系統(SMPS/CPC)，經短期密集監測所得之UFPs數量濃度粒徑分布數據。該系統測量之微粒粒徑範圍為10-1000 nm。研究結果顯示，在不同空品區的實測總微粒數量平均濃度範圍從2.7×103 cm-3至32.1×103 cm-3，最高濃度在萬華都會站，而最低濃度在恆春鄉村站。UFPs數量濃度逐時變化與上下班時的車流量高峰時段相吻合，故與CO和NOX的正相關，顯示地方交通排放源為重要影響因素。此外，中午時段有時還會有新微粒產生，表示光化學作用的影響。總體而言，超細微粒的數量濃度粒徑分布存在很大的時間變異性，取決於當地空氣污染源及氣象因子。

Ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs) are those with diameters less than 100 nm, and have important implications in varying aspects of public and environment health, such as climate forcing and adverse human health effects. Building upon data collected in earlier studies, the primary objective of this study was to characterize the spatial distribution and temporal variability of the number-size distributions of UFPs, and their correlations with air pollutants and meteorological factors. Using a sequential mobility particle spectrometer and condensation particle counter (SMPS/CPC), the data include short-term intensive field campaigns at 14 local communities of Taiwan from April 8, 2011 to August 13, 2012. The measured particle size was in the range of 10-1000 nm. The measured average number concentrations among the communities ranged from 2.7×103 to 32.1×103 cm-3, with the highest concentration observed at the urban site, whereas the lowest at the rural site. Elevated UFP number concentrations often coincided with the morning and evening rush-hour periods and thus positively correlated with CO and NOx. This suggests that local traffic emissions are the major source of UFPs. In addition, new particle formation events were occasionally observed during midday hours, indicating a photochemical-driven source. Overall, a strong spatiotemporal variability was observed for the number-size distributions of UFPs, depending on the sources and meteorological factors specific to each local communities.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1研究緣起 1
1-2研究目的 1
第二章 文獻探討 2
2-1超細微粒的來源與形成 2
2-2超細微粒數量濃度影響 3
2-3超細微粒數量與空氣污染源及氣象因子之相關性 4
第三章 研究方法 6
3-1研究設計 6
3-2採樣地點與時間 7
3-3採樣設備與方法 8
3-4 資料收集與統計分析 9
第四章 結果與討論 15
4.1研究期間空品與氣象條件 15
4.1.1春季研究期間空品與氣象條件 15
4.1.2夏季研究期間空品與氣象條件 15
4.2數量濃度空間特性 16
4.2.1春季不同鄉鎮之差異 16
4.2.2夏季不同鄉鎮之差異 17
4.3時間變異 19
4.3.1春季不同鄉鎮之逐時變異 19
4.3.2夏季不同鄉鎮之逐時變異 20
4.3.3相同鄉鎮春夏季之逐時變異 20
4.4微粒數量濃度粒徑分布 22
4.5微粒數量濃度與空氣污染物及氣象因子之相關性 24
第五章 結論與建議 58
5.1結論 58
5.2研究限制 59
5.3研究建議 59
參考文獻 60

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