臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

毒品是各國最嚴重的問題之一。泰國與台灣之間也同樣面臨著日益嚴重的毒品危害。因此，為了解決毒品問題，兩國政府皆投入了大量預算。毒品防治的主要手段可分為法律面及政策面。政策面必須依據該國的毒品危害情形與毒品種類趨勢來實行。
本研究探討了泰國與台灣在毒品防治的相關法規範及政策後，發現台灣對毒品犯罪採取嚴厲的刑罰，以預防及保護人民的健康免於毒品危害。而泰國則是與輸出毒品的鄰近國家共同合作，以防堵毒品走私進入國內。此外，台灣強調要整合其他毒品管制當局的資訊和數據庫，以便分析毒品網絡並追蹤非法毒品交易及來源。上述兩個國家就其國內的毒品危害情勢及背景，各自對毒品議題採取了不同的處罰措施，並實施了相對應的政策。

Drug problem is one of the most serious problems in every country. Thailand and Taiwan also confront the continuously and seriously drug problem in both countries. Therefore, both governments put a large budget to solve the issue as well. Drug law and drug control policy are the main implement that control and handle effort in solving the drug problem. The policies have been adopted in order to cope with the drug situation and drug trend in each country.
This study is a documentary research, reviewing and comparing drug law and drug control policy of Thailand and Taiwan. It was found that Taiwan implemented a strict punishment in the case of drug offences, with preventive measures to protect harmful health effects. For Thailand, the state established a major policy against drug problem, focus on drug producing from the neighboring. Thus, the Thai’s policy emphazised on preventing drug smuggling into the country and incorporating with neighbouring countries. In addition, Taiwan emphasise on integrating information and database from other drug control authorities in order to analysis drug networks, and track illegal drug trafficking and sources. In different a strict punishment and implemented policy against drug problem due to domestic drug situation and background of each country.

Abstract I
Table of content III
List of figures V
List of Tables VI
List of Abbreviation VII
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Significance of the Study 1
1.2 Research Questions 9
1.3 Research Objectives 10
1.4 Limitation of research 10
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 World Drug Situation 12
2.2 Regional Situation: The Golden Triangle 18
2.3 Drug Situation in Thailand 23
2.4 Drug Situation in Taiwan and its relation with Thailand 29
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Literature Review 39
3.2 Data collection and analysis 39
Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Discussion
4.1 Legal Mechanism 42
4.1.1 Drug Law in Thailand 43
4.1.2 Drug Law in Taiwan 66
4.1.3 Comparison of drug offences between Thailand and Taiwan 73
4.2 Drug Control Policy Mechanism 92
4.2.1 Drug Control Policy in Thailand 92
4.2.2 Drug Control Policy in Taiwan 97
4.2.3 Comparison of drug control policy between Thailand and Taiwan 109
4.3 Research Findings 114
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Suggestions
5.1 Conclusion 117
5.1.1. Background of Drug Problem 117
5.1.2. General Drug Situation 117
5.1.3. Legal Mechanism 118
5.1.4. Drug Control Policy Mechanism 120
5.2 Suggestions and Recommendations 121
5.2.1. Thailand Approach 121
5.2.2. Taiwan Approach 122
Reference 124
Appendix Act on Measures for the Suppression of Offenders in an
Offence Relating to Narcotics B.E.2534(1991) 130

Books
Andreas, Nadelmann and Peter, (2006). Policing the Globe: Criminalization and Crime Control in International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Andrea, Dispanadda, Ramranda and Visit-orn, (2019). Development Not Drug Control: The Evolution of Counter Narcotics Efforts in Thailand, Mae Fah Luang Foundation.
ASEAN Narcotics Cooperation Centre, (2017). ASEAN Drug Monitoring Report 2016. Khomkhai Training and Organizing Co.,Ltd.
ASEAN Narcotics Cooperation Centre, (2018). ASEAN Drug Monitoring Report 2017.
Boonwat L., (2001). An Overview of Alternative Development and Illicit Crop Eradication Policies, Strategies and Actions in the Region.
Bryce Pardo, Beau Kilmer, Wenjing Huang, (2019). Contemporary Asian Drug Policy.California.:RAND.
Burachat Jandeang, (2017). Analysis of Current Drug Situation Problem. Maha Sarakham: Journal of Research and Development Institute.
Chanawat Yuttachai, January, (1983). Drug Trafficking in South-East Asia.
Chouvy, Pierre-Arnaud, (2011). Opium: Uncovering the Politics of the Poppy. London: I.B. Tauris Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chulalongkorn International Business Case Competition, (2014). The Doi Tung Development Project: Tourism Business Unit.
Claudia Stoicescu, (2019). 10 Years of drug policy in Asia: How far have we come?. International Drug Policy Consortium.
Criminal Investigation Bureau, (2018). 2018 Report on Drug Control and Prevention.
Daniel Thiel, (2014). The Illicit Drug Industry&Countet-Narcotics in Southeast Asia.
Dinnu Insan Wardiansyah, (2017). The research on human trafficking occurred between Indonesia and Taiwan: in case of labour exploitation. Thesis, Foreign Affairs Department, Central Police University inTaiwan.
Rachaya Kaewsiri, (2009). A study on transnational cooperation for anti-drug case of narcotics control policy between Thailand and neighboring countries. Thesis, Foreign Affairs Department, Central Police University inTaiwan.
Emmy Sasipornkarn, (2019).Cannabis in Thailand: How far will the green gold rush go?.
Gallahue, Patrick and Rick Lines, (2015). The Death Penalty for Drug offences: Global Overview.
Hitosubashi University, (2010). Doi Tung Case Study Doi Tung Development Project (DTDP) in Golden Triangle-For the Sustainable Alternative Livelihood Development.
Huang Shi-Yuan, July (2017). Anti-drug investigation.
Hunter Marston and Richard C. Bush, July, (2018). Taiwan’s engagement with Southeast Asian in making progress under the New Southbound Policy.
International Narcotics Control Board, March 28, (2019). Annual Reports.
Investigation Bureau Ministry of Justice, September (2017). Report on Drug Control and Prevention 2016.
Investigation Bureau Ministry of Justice, July (2019). 2018 Report on Drug Control and Prevention.
Itsara Jiaviriyapunya, (2017). รายงานสรุปผลการประชุมวิชาการ เรื่อง การวิจัยและพัฒนาสารสกัดกัญชาและกัญชงทางการแพทย์เพื่อการพัฒนาประเทศ (Academic conference report of cannabis and cannabis for medical for improving country research).
James Windle, August, (2016). Drugs and Drug Policy in Thailand.
Kanato, Manop, Chuanpit Choomwattna, Rachnikorn Sarasiri and Poonrut Leyatikul, August, (2018). ASEAN Drug Monitoring Report 2017.
Kosin Techaniyom, (2019). The Study of the Likelihood of Success in policy implementation: Case study of potential changes in practices of suppression officers under the Narcotics Act B.E.2562(2019), Bangkok: Silapakorn University.
Ling-Yi Feng, Kiyoshi Wada, Heesun Chung, Eunyoung Han and Jih-Heng Li, September, (2019). Comparison of legislation management for new psychoactive substances control among Taiwan, South Korea and Japan.
Lintner and Bertil, (1994). Burma in Revolt: Opium and Insurgency since 1984, Boulder: Westview Press.
Michael Aquino, February (2019). Harsh Punishments for Drug Use in Southeast Asia.
Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, June (2013). Anti-Drug Report 2013.
Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, September (2014). Anti-Drug Report 2014.
Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, June (2015). Anti-Drug Report 2016
Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau, June (2019). Report on Drug Control and Prevention 2018.
Ministry of Justice Legal Department, December (2017).“107 年法務統計性別分析 毒品案件性別分析”, [“2018 Gender Analysis of Legal Statistics in case drug problem”]
Narcotics Control Strategy Bureau, (2016). 40 Years of Dignity and Determination Great Efforts on Narcotics Control.
Nigal South, (2000). Debating Drugs and Everyday Life: Normalization, Prohibition and Otherness, London: Sage Publications.
Philip Reichel and Jay Albanses, (2018). Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice. Washington, D.C.: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Suchat Triprasit, (1993). Cooperation in Civil Matters regarding Breach of Custody Rights. Bangkok, Thailand.: The Journal of Thailand National Defence College 33rd.
Stone, Katie, (2016). The Global State of Harm Reduction.
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, March 13, (2015). “แผนยุทธศาสตร์การป้องกันและแก้ไขปัญหายาเสพติด (Strategic plan for drug prevention and drug problem solving 2015-2019),”
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, October 31, (2018). “แผนปฏิบัติการป้องกัน ปราบปรามและบำบัดรักษายาเสพติด ปี 2562 (Action plan for prevention and suppression of drug treatment 2019)”.
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, (2019). The statistic forfeiture of property under the Act on Measures for the Suppression of offenders in an Offence Relating to Narcotics, 1991 Section 27.
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, January, (2019). “ผลการปราบปรามยาเสพติดทั่วประเทศประจำปี 2561 (Narcotics drug suppression record annual report 2018),”
The Royal Thai Police Narcotics Suppression Bureau, April 11, (2018). “แผนปฏิบัติการป้องกันและแก้ไขปัญหายาเสพติดเร่งด่วน สำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติ พ.ศ.2561 (Urgent drug prevention and problem-solving plan 2018)”.
The United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, March, (2016). Mekong River drug threat assessment.
The United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, (2010). The Globalization of Crime.
The United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, March (2016). Mekong River drug threat assessment.
The United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, (2017). World Drug Report 2017.
The United Nation Office on Drugs and Crime, (2018). World Drug Report 2018.
The United Nations Office on Drug and Crime, (2019). Synthetic Drugs in East and South-East Asia Trends and Patterns of Amphetamine-type Stimulants and New Psychoactive Substances.
Windle J., (2016). Drugs and Drug Policy in Thailand Improving Global Drug Policy: Comparative perspectives and UNGASS 2016 Centre for 21st Century Security and Intelligence Latin America Initiative. Brooking: University of East London.

Journal
Chardsumon Prutipinyo, (2017) “Comparative Drug Control Law”, Public Health & Health Laws Journal, Vol.3, No.2, p.1
Edward J.Eberle, (2009) “The Method and Role of Comparative Law,” Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Vol.8, Issue 3.
Kamarulzaman, Adeeba and John L. McBrayer, February, (2015). “Compulsory Drug Detention Centres in East and Southeast Asia,” International Journal on Drug Policy, Vol. 26, No. 1.
Renard and Ronald D., (1996). “The Burmese Connection, Illegal drugs and the making of the Golden Triangle’ Studies on the Impact of the Illegal Drug Trade,” Boulder-London: Lynne Reinner Publisher, Vol.6, pp. 157-160.
Thitirose Jianbunjongkit, (2018). “Decriminalization of Drugs: A case of Medical uses of Cannabis” NIDA school of Law Journal, Vol. 7, No.2.




Internet Sources
Apolitical, (2017). “Thailand’s World-beating Model Replaces Opium with Sustainable Crops,”<http://apolitical.co/solution_article/thailands-world-beating-model-replaces-opium-sustainable-crops/>
Baker Mckenzie, November (2019). “Thailand’s Cannabis Legalization: Myth versus Reality,”<https://www.bakermckenzie.com/en/insight/publications/2019/11/thailands-cannabis-legalization>.
Bureau of Foreign Trade, Ministry of Economic Affairs, (2018). “Thailand-Taiwan economic relation,”< https://www.trade.gov.tw/App_Ashx/File.ashx?FilePath=../Files/PageFile/659922/泰國英文經貿簡略版_1080219.pdf>.
Department of correction, March (2020). “รายงานสถิติผู้ต้องขัง”[Statistic of prisoners report,]<http://www.correct.go.th/stathomepage/>.
Department of Information Service, Executive Yuan, May (2017). “Taiwan’s new-generation strategy to combat drug abuse,”<https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/e5c66b8d-ab0c-45a0-ae9e-395849b75681>.
Emmy Sasipornkarn, November 7, (2019). “Cannabis in Thailand: How far will be the green gold rush go,” <https://www.dw.com/en/cannabis-in-thailand-how-far-will-the-green-gold-rush-go/a-51146025>.
Focus Taiwan News Channel, April (2019). “Taiwan, Thailand cooperate to stop drug trafficking,”< http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201904270006.aspx>.
Focus Taiwan CNA English News, July , (2019). “Taiwan a key player in SE Asia drug trade:U.N.report,”< https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201907180019
Focus Taiwan CNA English News, September (2019). “China cooperate to stop major drug shipment,”< https://focustaiwan.tw/society/201904090023>.
Food and drug administration, (2019). “the Narcotics Act B.E.2522(1979),”<http://www.fda.moph.go.th/sites/Narcotics/en/Shared%20Documents/Narcotics-Act-B.E.2522.pdf >.
Huang Ming-chao, October 18, (2019). “Taiwan cannot be absent in the fight against transnational crime,” <https://thediplomatinspain.com/en/2019/10/taiwan-cannot-be-absent-in-the-fight-against-transnational-crime/>.
International Narcotics Control Board, (2018), “INCB report 2018 analysis of the world situation,”<https://www.incb.org/documents/Publications/AnnualReports/AR2018/Annual_Report_Chapters/05_Chapter_III_Annual_Report_2018_E_.pdf>.
Kaohsiung Customs Administration Ministry of Finance, August (2018). “Taiwan Customs launches New-Generation Anti-drug Weapon: First Domestic Gantry-Mounted Cargo inspection machine ever,”<https://ekaohsiung.customs.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?>
Kowit Somwaiya and Oramart Aurore Saardphak, April, (2019). “Thai law on medical use of cannabis,” Law Plus Ltd. <https://www.lawplusltd.com/Newsletter/2019/Z005.0412.Amendment%20Drug%20Act.pdf?_t=1555677616>
Ministry of Education Republic of China (Taiwan), May (2017). “Cabinet proposes new strategies to address new generation of illegal drugs,”< https://english.moe.gov.tw/cp-13-17257-35AD0-1.html.
Ministry of Finance R.O.C., February (2013). “The Customs Administration promulgated the Executive Plan of the New Generation Anti-Drug Strategy so as to prevent drug smuggling and Let citizens live and work in peace,”<https://www.mof.gov.tw/Eng/singlehtml/6949?cntId=85831>.
Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau, October 18, (2019). “Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States cooperate to jointly seize 52 kilograms of Ketamines from international drug trafficking organizations,” < https://thediplomatinspain.com/en/2019/10/taiwan-cannot-be-absent-in-the-fight-against-transnational-crime/>.
Mission Arabica, July 8, 2014. “The Golden Triangle,”<https://www.missionarabica.com/golden-triangle/>.
Office Narcotics Control Board, December (2019). “พระราชบัญญัติมาตรการในการปราบปรามผู้กระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับยาเสพติด พ.ศ.2534” [Act on the Measures for the Suppression of offenders in an Offences Relating to Narcotics, B.E.2534(1991)].<https://www.oncb.go.th/Home/DocLib3/มาตรการในการป้องกันและปราบปรามยาเสพติด/มาตรการในการป้องกันและปราบปรามยาเสพติด/25law.pdf>.
Office of the Narcotics Control Board, (2019). “The statistic forfeiture of property under the Act on Measures for the Suppression of offenders in an Offence Relating to Narcotics, 1991 Section 27,”<https://www.oncb.go.th/Home/Pages/ass.aspx>.
Rawat Chomsri and Suchaya Adulratananakul, September (2019), SPI Newsletter. <https://www.siampremier.com/imgadmins/publications/pub_pdf/20190927161535.pdf>.
Renown Travel, January (2017). “Golden Triangle” < https://www.renown-travel.com/daytripschiangmai/goldentriangle.html>.
Siam Legal International Thailand, August (2017). “Drug Offences in Thailand,”<https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/drug-offenses-in-thailand-19508>.
Syed Afteb Hassan Bukhari, November (2011). “What is Comparative Study,”<https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1962328&download=yes>.
Taiwan and Food and Drug Administration, October (2018). “Statistical Table for Seized Narcotics Drugs and Controlled Drugs in Taiwan,” <https://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/includes/GetFile.ashx?id=f636740891850207959
Tourism Bureau, January (2020). “Republic of China (Taiwan) the heart of Asia,”< https://eng.taiwan.net.tw/m1.aspx?sNo=0002004>.
Winter Ridge Natural Foods, July (2018). “Understanding the differences between hemp, cannabis and Marijuana,”< http://winterridgefoods.com/understanding-differences-hemp-cbd-marijuana/>.
World Health Organization, June (2018). “Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization,”< https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances#Schedules_of_Controlled_Substances>.
“Alternative Development towards on Drug-Free ASEAN Community.” March (2019), 2nd meeting of the AIPA advisory council on dangerous drugs: Thailand country report.<https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/aipa2019/download/article/AIPACODD/Annex%20Q%20-%20Country%20Report%20of%20Thailand.pdf>.
“CIA map of international illegal drug connections.” November 6, (2009), CIA Employee. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade#/media/File:CIA_Map_of_International_illegal_drug_connections.gif>
“Taiwan, Thailand cooperate to stop drug trafficking.” April, (2019), Focus Taiwan News Channel.<http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201904270006.aspx>.
“Taiwan, Thailand and the United States cooperate to jointly seize 52 kilograms of ketamine from international drug trafficking organizations.” July, (2019), Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau. <https://www.mjib.gov.tw/news/Details?Module=28&id=467>.
“Thailand legalises medical marijuana in New Year’s gift.” December 25, (2018), Made for minds.<https://www.dw.com/en/thailand-legalizes-medicinal-marijuana-in-new-years-gift/a-46858806>.
“พระราชบัญญัติมาตรการในการปราบปรามผู้กระทำผิดเกี่ยวกับยาเสพติด 2534 (Act on the Measures for the Suppression of offenders in an Offences Relating to Narcotics B.E.2534,1991).” (2019), Office of Narcotics Control Board. <https://www.oncb.go.th/Home/DocLib3/มาตรการในการป้องกันและปราบปรามยาเสพติด/มาตรการในการป้องกันและปราบปรามยาเสพติด/25law.pdf.