中文文獻
王振寰、瞿海源(2015)。《社會學與台灣社會》。台北:巨流。
何明修(2005)。《社會運動概論》。台北:三民。
翁秀琪(2011)。《大眾傳播理論與實證》。台北:三民。
郭貞、蕭宏祺、陳憶寧、黃葳威等著(2016)。《傳播理論》。新北市:揚智文化。
洪夏天譯(2018)。《我們為何從眾,何時又不?》。台北:商周。(原書Baddeley, M. [2018]. Copycats and Contrarians: Why We Follow Others…and When We Don’t)
吳明隆、涂金堂(2011)。SPSS與統計應用分析。台北市:五南。
洪雅慧(2007)。〈網路電子郵件之第三人效果與第一人效果-以台灣319 槍擊疑雲為例〉,《新聞學研究》,90,1-42。
林維國(2003)。〈公關第三人效果:一個策略性的思考方向〉,《傳播文化》,129-174。
林維國(2002)。〈公共關係與第三人效果:一個初探性研究 〉,《第四屆媒介與環境學術研討會論文集刊》,243-277。
彭文正(2008)。〈第三人效果理論與疑惑〉,《中華傳播學刊》,12:3-52。
尹一伊、羅文輝、盧鴻毅、魏然(2020)。〈2016年臺灣總統選舉年輕族群之第三人效果研究〉,《傳播研究與實踐》,10(1):141-172。
盧鴻毅、許富盛、侯心雅(2012)。〈樂觀偏誤、自我效能、社會信任與新流感疫苗接種意願〉,《傳播與社會學刊》, 22,135-158。
胡幼偉(1997)。〈選舉新聞的第三者效果〉,1997 年中華傳播學會論文研討會論文。
賴麒元(2018)。《Facebook假新聞第三人效果研究》。中正大學電訊傳播研究所碩士論文。曾郁文(2012)。《網路論壇中的第三人效果之研究-以批踢踢八卦版為例》。中山傳播管理所碩士論文。簡孟嫻(2017)。《網路謠言的第三人效果研究-政治謠言vs.娛樂謠言》。中正電訊傳播所碩士論文。
李柏勁(2016)。《年輕選民之政治社會化:統獨議題與政治參與》。輔大大傳所碩士論文。劉家薇(2016)。〈網路統獨的聲量研究:大數據的分析〉,《政治科學論叢》,71,113-166。
王萱(2016)。《環境問題之第三人效果與第一人效果研究-以柴靜霧霾紀錄片【穹頂之下】為例》。輔大大傳所碩士論文。徐士婷(2015)。《網路懶人包之第三人效果與表達意願:以多元成家議題為例》。 輔大大傳所碩士論文。楊貞儀、黃怡文(2008)。〈從第三人效果與沉默螺旋探討國中生之偶像崇拜〉,2008中華傳播學會研討會。臺北市。
左宗宏、周玫楓(2004)。〈從2001年臺北縣長選舉探討參考團體與第三人效果感知對選民表達意願的影響〉,《選舉研究》,11(2),163-183。
周玫楓(2002)。《以沉默螺旋理論探討不同政治立場選民表達意見之因素》。南華傳播管理所碩士。
莊鄧莉萍(2018)。《從社會運動理論看香港民主化發展之研究-以雨傘運動為例》。文化大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。袁慶旻(2013)。《香港97回歸後的民主化發展》。中山大學中亞所碩士論文。邱偉國(2007)。《急推;緩進:回歸前後香港民主路程》。暨南大學公共行政系碩士論文。
果蕾、蘇超、李昊(2016)。〈從「第三人效果」理論看中國大學生眼中的反腐新聞報導〉,《二十一世紀雙月刊》,158,67-85。
林素真、馬立君(2014)。〈「預期媒體影響的影響力」之反制反動員效果:第三人效果與選舉行為〉,《中華傳播學會》,26:177-221。
林素貞(2009)。〈總統大選公民辯論會之第三人效果〉,《新聞學研究》,101,45-48。
林素真(2010)。〈總統大選負面新聞與第三人效果〉,《傳播與社會學刊》,11,71-104。
林育昇(2011)。〈置入性行銷新聞的第三人效果〉,《廣播與電視》,33,71-107。
林淑芳(2018)。〈社群媒體與政治公民參與:網路政治討論頻率與政治討論異質性的干擾角色〉,《傳播與社會學刊》,44,25-48。
周斯畏、許家祥、楊智彰、葉怡伶(2017)。〈了解虛擬社群持續知識貢獻意圖--效益與限制雙元觀點〉,《資訊管理學報》,131-154。
劉時君、蘇蘅(2017)。〈政治抗議事件中媒體的創新使用與實踐:以太陽花運動為例〉,《資訊社會研究》,33,147-188。
林聖庭(2014)。〈臉書使用之第三人效果研究:以壹傳媒交易案為例〉,《資訊與社會研究》,26,313-62。
林瓊珠、徐永明、黃秀端(2017)。〈政治知識的性別差異:測量內容之探討〉,《選舉研究》,24(2),39-63。
盛杏湲(2010)。〈台灣選民政黨認同的穩定與變遷:定群追蹤資料的應用〉,《選舉研究》,17(2),1-33。
李貞儀(2009)。〈從女性主義觀點探析女校長領導研究〉,《教育科學期刊》,8(2),117-138。
任錫源、王迎桃(2008)。〈女性消費者口碑傳播意願的實證研究〉,《中華女子學院學報》,20(5),116-120。
陳秋婷(2014)。《網路獨立媒體的社群經營-一個社會資本的個案分析》。台灣師範大學大眾傳播研究所。
朱國明(2007)。〈網路社群社會資本與成員間助人行為之相關研究〉,《資訊管理學報》,14(2),169-202。
翟本瑞(2005)。〈影響電子郵寄問卷回收率因素之研究〉,《網路社會學通訊期刊》,45。取自http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/45/45-01.htm
李容萍(2019年9月10日)。〈韓國瑜批拿反送中補血 蔡英文:只有國民黨把它當選舉議題〉,《自由時報》。取自https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2911704
彭博資訊(2019年9月11日)。〈彭博:香港一國兩制的另個試煉場在台灣 蔡英文連任之路絕處逢生〉,《鉅亨網》。取自https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/4380850
林麒瑋(2019年10月7日)。〈韓國瑜聲勢重挫!大輸蔡英文13.4個百分點 差距創史上新高〉,《蘋果新聞網》。取自https://tw.appledaily.com/new/realtime/20191007/1644977/
TVBS民調中心(2019年9月27日)。〈選前百日 2020 總統大選民調〉。取自https://cc.tvbs.com.tw/portal/file/poll_center/2019/20191001/1cfa7751df29.pdf
林瑋豐(2019年10月24日)。〈近9成台灣人反對「一國兩制」創新高 陸委會:這是主流民意籲中共正視現實〉,《風傳媒》。取自https://www.storm.mg/article/1868900
王平(2019年7月24日)。〈望海樓:絕不容許外國勢力搞亂香港〉,《人民網》。取自http://theory.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0724/c40531-31252701.html
蘇逸涵、游昊耘(2019年6月15日)。〈為何人民怒火無法平息?1分鐘了解「反送中」〉,《親子天下》。取自https://flipedu.parenting.com.tw/article/5443
劉宜庭(2019年9月5日)。〈反送中運動五大訴求vs. 林鄭回應〉,《自由時報》。取自https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1315737
中央社(2019年8月4日)。〈台灣人超關注香港「反送中」讓日本人好驚訝!NHK這樣觀察台灣年輕人〉,《風傳媒》。取自https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/1548412
施曉光、黃美珠(2019年10月6日)。〈馬英九批操弄「芒果乾」 蔡英文:種「芒果」 的是馬〉,《自由時報》。取自https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1322866
楊伶雯,(2019年1月2日)。〈習近平:一國兩制是最佳方案 充分保障台灣同胞權益〉,《聯合新聞網》。取自https://udn.com/news/story/7241/3569968
崔慈悌,(2019年1月2日)。〈蔡英文回應習近平全文:臺灣絕不會接受「一國兩制」〉,《中時電子報》。取自https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190102002877-260407?chdtv
沃草(2019年9月5日)。〈只看中時、聯合頭條,你會以為香港反送中就是港人暴動變恐怖份子〉,《沃草》。取自https://musou.watchout.tw/read/XibbdZpbvTeFKK
黃禹禛(2019年10月2日)。〈香港反送中大事記:一張圖看香港人怒吼的231天〉,《報導者》。取自https://www.twreporter.org/a/hong-kong-extradition-law-events
編輯部。(2019年10月19日)。〈陳同佳案:殺害女友嫌犯願赴台灣自首 再引台港司法角力〉,《BBC中文網》。取自https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-50107703
呂伊萱、吳柏軒(2019年9月29日)。〈何韻詩出席台港遊行 突遭潑紅漆攻擊〉,《自由時報》。取自https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/2930681
李宗憲(2019年9月30日)。〈台灣校園「連儂牆」 中港學生的新戰場〉,《BBC中文網》。取自https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-49852218
編輯部(2018年3月12日)。〈情人節之旅 港男殺情人 行李篋藏屍棄台捷運站〉,《蘋果日報》。取自https://hk.news.appledaily.com/local/daily/article/20180314/20331481
張謙(2019年10月1日)。〈港警近距離開槍 18歲反送中學生左胸中彈〉,《中央通訊社》。取自https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201910015007.aspx
林則宏(2019年10月5日)。〈「反送中」漸成「反中」 香港多家陸資企業慘遭打砸〉,《聯合報》。取自https://udn.com/news/story/7331/4088573
樂羽嘉(2019年9月2日)。〈2047年以後 香港到底會怎樣〉,《天下雜誌》。取自https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5096698
民視新聞網(2019年11月20日)。〈美參議院通過《香港法案》 參議員:今日香港明日台灣〉,《Yahoo新聞》。取自https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%BF%AB%E6%96%B0%E8%81%-%E7%BE%%E5%%83%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E9%80%%E9%81%-%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88-%E5%%83%E8%AD%B0%E5%93%A1-%E4%BB%%E6%97%A5%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%98%%E6%97%A5%E5%%B0%E7%81%A3-005052034.html
邱國強、楊昇儒(2019年11月14日)。〈香港中文大學宣布結束本學期 浸會大學即起停課〉,《中央通訊社》。取自https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201911130276.aspx
Gene Hong(2018年9月20日)。〈從臉書粉絲團操作 看泛藍粉專特團結集中分享固定網站〉,《大數聚》。取自https://group.dailyview.tw/article/detail/111
編輯部(2019年11月25日)。〈香港區議會選舉民主派大勝 但僵局能被打破嗎〉,《BBC中文》。取自https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-50543193
丘采薇、鄭媁、蔡佩芳、黃宣翰、張世杰(2019年11月26日)。〈蔡盼香港選舉結果被尊重 韓籲港府落實雙普選〉,《聯合新聞網》。取自https://udn.com/news/story/11311/4187471
創市際(2019年12月26日)。〈「2019年台灣網路報告」公布〉,《創市際》。取自https://www.ixresearch.com/news/news_12_27_19
VERIZON MEDIA(2019年3月5日)。〈ARO / MMX 觀察–2018年台灣網路使用概況回顧〉,《VERIZON MEDIA》。取自https://yahoo-emarketing.tumblr.com/post/183231940731/ix12
陳怡璇(2019年10月31日)。〈台灣民眾黨逾6000人加入 95%為初次入黨〉,《中央社》。取自https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201910300190.aspx
林朝億(2019年12月12日)。〈新台灣國策民調:蔡英文50.3%、韓國瑜17.6%、亡昌感發酵中〉,《新頭殼》。取自https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2019-12-12/339391
蘋果新聞網(2019年12月31日)。〈《蘋果》封關民調 蔡48.6%領先韓15.4% 英粉 韓粉拼動員 估投票率近7成〉,《蘋果新聞網》。取自https://tw.appledaily.com/headline/20191231/FUIUJGCVGRVTCNIKWTKNZJJU/
陳珊珊(2019年12月23日)。〈年輕人都投蔡?韓國瑜大學生民調出爐 令人驚呆〉,《東森新聞》。取自https://news.ebc.net.tw/News/politics/191137
關鍵評論(2020年1月11日)。〈2020總統大選:「蔡賴配」得票破馬英九紀錄,韓國瑜超越2016年的朱立倫〉,《關鍵評論》。取自https://www.thenewslens.com/article/129925
王揚宇(2019年12月29日)。〈韓國瑜:民進黨收買台灣90%的媒體 建立網軍〉,《中央通訊社》。取自https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/201912290121.aspx
謝孟華(2020年1月16日)。〈國民黨為何吞敗? 選後民調:反送中、吳斯懷分居一、二〉,《新頭殼》。取自https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2020-01-16/355385
楊喜慧(2019年7月13日)。〈投書:泛藍對中共打壓無感 但對「反送中」出現警覺〉,《上報》。取自https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=67104
江今葉(2019年12月27日)。〈華郵:台灣天然獨世代 正成為中國失去的一代〉,《中央通訊社》。取自https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201912260329.aspx
柯宗緯(2019年12月2日)。〈接到電話民調喊支持蔡!韓:這是策略 怎是玩笑?〉,《中時電子報》。取自https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20191202001849-260407?chdtv
英文文獻
Andsager, J. L., & White, H. A. (2007). Self versus others: Media, messages, and the third-person effect. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Austin, E. W., Chen, M.-J., & Grube, J. W. (2006). How does alcohol advertising influence underage drinking? The role of desirability, identification and skepticism. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 376–384.
Banning, S. (2001). Do you see what I see? Third-person effects on public communication through self-esteem, social stigma, and product use. Mass Communication and Society, 4(2), 127–147.
Banning, S. (2006). Third-person effects on political participation. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(4), 785–800.
Chia, S. C., Lu, K., & McLeod, D. M. (2004). Sex, lies and video compact disc: A case study on third-person perception and motivations for censorship. Communication Research, 31(1), 109–130.
Chapin, J. R. (1999). Third-person perception and sexual risk taking among minority ‘‘at risk’’ youth. Mass Communication Review, 2(3), 163–167.
Chapin, J. R. (2000). Not like me: Self vs. other distinctions in first-person perception. Communication Research Reports, 17, 320–330.
Choi, Y., Leshner, G., & Choi, J. (2008). Third-person effects of idealized body image in magazine advertisements. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(2), 147–164.
Cohen, J., & Davis, R. G. (1991). Third-person effects and the differential impact in negative political advertising. Journalism Quarterly, 68, 680–688.
Cohen, J., Mutz, D., Price, V., & Gunther, A. (1988). Perceived impact of defamation: An experiment on third person effects. Public Opinion Quarterly, 52, 161–173.
David, P., Liu, K., & Myser, M. (2004). Methodological artifact or persistent bias? Testing the robustness of the third-person and reverse third-person effects for alcohol messages. Journal of Communication, 54, 206–233.
Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1–15.
David Easton (1965). A systems analysis of political life. New York: John Wiley.
Day, A. (2008). Out of the living room and into the voting booth: An analysis of corporate public affairs advertising under the third person effect. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(2), 243–260.
Duck, J. M., & Mullin, B. (1995). The perceived impact of the mass media: Reconsidering the third-person effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 77–93.
Duck, J. M., Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1995). The perceived influence of AIDS advertising: Third-person effects in the context of positive media content. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 305–325.
Fishbein, M., & Azjen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Golan, G. J., & Banning, S. (2008). Exploring a link between the third-person effect and the theory of reasoned action: Beneficial ads and social expectations. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(2), 208–224.
Golan, G. J., Banning, S., & Lundy, L. (2008). Likelihood to vote, candidate choice and the third-person effect: Behavioral implications of political advertising in the 2004 presidential election. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(2), 278–290.
Golan, G. J., & Day, A. (2008). The First-Person Effect and Its Behavioral Consequences: A New Trend in the Twenty-Five Year History of Third-Person Effect Research. Mass Communication and Society, 11, 539–556.
Gunther, A. (1991). What we think others think: Cause and consequence in the TPE. Communication Research, 18, 355–372.
Gunther, A. (1995). Overrating the X-rating: The third-person perception and support for censorship of pornography. Journal of Communication, 45(1), 27–38.
Gunther, A. C., & Hwa, A. P. (1996). Public perceptions of television influence and opinions about censorship in Singapore. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 8(3), 248–265.
Gunther, A. C., & Mundy, P. (1993). Biased optimism and the third-person effect. Journalism Quarterly, 70(1), 58–67.
Gunther, A. C., & Thorson, E. (1992). Perceived persuasive effects of commercials and public service announcements: The third-person effect in new domains. Communication Research, 19, 574–596.
Cheung, G(2019.09.28). Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam sought Xi Jinping’s approval to formally withdraw extradition bill that triggered anti-government protests, South China Morning Post. Retrieved from https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/3030735/hong-kong-leader-carrie-lam-sought-president-xi-jinpings
Henriksen, L., & Flora, J. A. (1999). Third-person perception and children: Perceived impact of pro and anti-smoking ads. Communication Research, 26(6), 643–665.
Hoffner, C., & Buchanan, M. (2002). Parents’ responses to television violence: The third person perception, parental mediation and support for censorship. Media Psychology, 4, 231–252.
Hoffner, C., Buchanan, M., Anderson, J., Hubbs, L., Kamigaki, S., Kowalczyk, L., et al. (1999). Support for censorship of television violence. Communication Research, 26(6), 726–742.
Hoorens, V., & Ruiter, S. (1996). The optimal impact phenomenon: Beyond the third-person effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 599–610.
Huge, M., Glynn, C. J., & Jeong, I. (2006). A relationship-based approach to understanding third-person perceptions. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83(3), 530–546.
Huh, J., Delorme, D., & Reid, L. N. (2004). The third-person effect and its influence on beha-vioral outcomes in a product advertising context: The case of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Communication Research, 31(5), 568–599.
Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (1992). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
Hong, Y. H. (1996). Affect, perceptual bias and public support for regulation of negative political advertising in the 1996 Taiwan presidential election. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Innes, J. M., & Zeitz, H. (1988). The public’s view of the impact of the mass media: A test of the ‘‘third-person’’ effect. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18(5), 457–463.
Kunda, Ziva (1999). Social Cognition: Making Sense of People, MIT Press.
Lambe, J. L., & McLeod, D. M. (2005). Understanding third-person perception processes: Predicting perceived impact on self and others for multiple expressive contexts. Journal of Communication, 55(2), 277–291.
Lasorsa, D. (1989). Real and perceived effects of America. Journalism Quarterly, 66, 373–378.
Lee, C., & Yang, S. (1996). Third-person perception and support for censorship of sexually explicit visual content: A Korean case. Sungkok Journalism Review, 7, 21–39.
Lo, V., & Wei, R. (2002). ‘‘Third-person effect, gender, and pornography on the Internet.’’ Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(1), 13–33.
McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176–187.
McLeod, D. M., Detenber, B. H., & Eveland, W. P., Jr. (2001). Behind the third-person effect: Differentiating perceptual processes for self and other. Journal of Communication, 51(4), 678–695.
McLeod, D. M., Eveland, W. P., Jr., & Nathanson, A. I. (1997). Support for censorship of violent and misogynic rap lyrics: An analysis of the third-person effect. Communication Research, 24(2), 153–174.
Meirick, P. C. (2004). Topic-relevant reference groups and dimensions of distance: Political advertising and first- and third-person effects. Communication Research, 31(2), 234–255.
Meirick, P. C. (2005). Rethinking the target corollary: The effects of social distance, perceived exposure and perceived predispositions on first- and third-person perceptions. Communication Research, 32(6), 822–843.
Nathanson, A. I., Eveland, W. P., Jr., Park, H., & Paul, B. (2002). Perceived media influence and efficacy as predictors of caregivers’ protective behaviors. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(3), 385–410.
Neuwirth, K., Frederick, E., & Mayo, C. (2002). Person-effects and heuristic-systematic proces-sing. Communication Research, 29, 320–359.
Nurit Tal-Or (2007). Age and Third-Person Perception in Response to Positive Product Advertisements. Mass Communication & Society, 10(4), 403–422.
O’Gorman, H., & Garry, S. (1976). Pluralistic ignorance—A replication and extension. Public Opinion Quarterly, 40, 449–458.
Park, H. S., & Salmon, C. T. (2005). A test of the third-person effect in public relations: Application of social comparison theory. Journalism Quarterly, 82, 25–43.
Paul, B., Salwen, M. B., & Dupagne, M. (2000). The third-person effect: A meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 57–85.
Perloff, R. M. (1989). Ego-involvement and the TPE of televised news coverage. Communication Research, 16, 236–262.
Perloff, R. M. (1993). Third-person effect research 1983–1992: A review and synthesis. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 5(2), 167–184.
Perloff, R. M. (1999). The third-person effect: A critical review and synthesis. Media Psychology, 1(4), 353–378.
Porter, L., & Golan, G. J. (2006). From subservient chickens to brawny men: A comparison of viral advertising to television advertising. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 6(2), Retrieved from http://jiad.org/vol6/no2/porter/index.htm
Price, V., Tewksbury, D., & Huang, L. (1998). Third-person effects on publication of a Holocaust-denial advertisement. Journal of Communication, 48(2), 3–26.
Park, H.S. & Salmon, C.T. (2005). A test of the third-person effect in public relations: Application of social comparison theory. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 82(1):25-43.
Reid, S. A.& Hogg, M. A. (2005). Uncertainty Reduction, Self-Enhancement, and Ingroup Identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(6): 804-817.
Rojas, H., Shah, D. V., & Faber, R. J. (1996). For the good of others: Censorship and the third-person effect. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 8(2), 163–186.
Soutschek, A., Burke, C.J., Raja Beharelle, A., Schreiber, R., Weber, S.C., Karipidis, I.I., ten Velden, J., Weber, B., Haker, H., Kalenscher, T., Tobler, P.N. (2017). Dopaminergic reward system underpins gender difference in social preferences. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 819–827.
Salwen, M. B., & Driscoll, P. D. (1997). Consequences of third-person perception in support of press restrictions in the O.J. Simpson trial. Journal of Communication, 47(2), 60–78.
Salwen, M. B., & Dupagne, M. (1999). The third-person effect: Perceptions of the media’s influence and immoral consequences. Communication Research, 26(5), 523–550.
Shah, D. V., Faber, R. J., & Youn, S. (1999). Susceptibility and severity: Perceptual dimensions underlying the third-person effect. Communication Research, 26(2), 240–267.
Tal-Or, N. (2007). Age and third-person perception in response to positive product advertisements. Mass Communication & Society, 10(4), 403–422.
Tiedge, J. T., Silverblatt, A., Havice, M. J., & Rosenfeld, R. (1991). Discrepancy between perceived first person and perceived third-person mass media effects. Journalism Quarterly, 68(1), 141–154.
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behavior. Social Science Information, 13(2), 65-93.
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1985). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Worchel, S. and Austin, W. G. (Eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations (2nd ed., 7-24). Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall.
Tsfati, Y., & Cohen, J. (2005). The influence of presumed media influence on democratic legitimacy: The case of Gaza settlers. Communication Research, 32(6), 794–821.
Tyler, T., & Cook, F. (1984). The mass media and judgments of risk: Distinguishing impact on personal and societal level judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 693–708.
Wan, F., & Youn, S. (2004). Motivations to regulate online gambling and violent game sites: An account of the third-person effect. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5(1), 46-59.
Wei, R., Lo, V. H., & Lu, H. Y. (2007). Reconsidering the relationship between the third-person perception and optimistic bias. Communication Research, 34(6), 665–684.
White, H. A. (1997). Considering interacting factors in the third-person effect: Argument strength and social distance. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 74(3), 557–564.
White, H. A., & Dillon, J. F. (2000). Knowledge about others’ reactions to a public service announcement: The impact on self-persuasion and third-person perception. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 77, 788–792.
Youn, S., Faber, R. J., & Shah, D. V. (2000). Restricting gambling advertising and the third-person effect. Psychology and Marketing, 17(7), 633–649.
Lee, H. & Park, S. A. (2016). Third-Person Effect and Pandemic Flu: The Role of Severity, Self-Efficacy Method Mentions, and Message Source. Journal of Health Communication, 21, 1244–1250.
Sedikides, C.; Strube, M. J. (1995). The Multiply Motivated Self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21 (12), 1330–1335
Sedikides, C. & Gregg, A. P. (2008). Self-Enhancement: Food for Thought, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3 (2), 102–116.
Li, X. (2008). Third-Person Effect, Optimistic Bias, and Sufficiency Resource in Internet Use. Journal of Communication, 58, 568-587.
Liu, X. & Lo, V. H. (2014). Media Exposure, Perceived Personal Impact, and Third-Person Effect. Media Psychology, 17, 378–396.