臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

「綠建築」是21世紀建築設計發展的重要方向，它著眼於使建築和自然環境成為一個有機的結合體；希望能提供人們一個環境舒適的居住空間與生活場域，並降低對地球能源及物資的消耗。如今，能源問題已成為每個國家所必須面對的重大議題，因此，綠建築的節能策略與技術運用受到越來越多的關注。
本論文主要針對綠建築設計方法中被動式節能與主動式節能的策略來作研究比較，分析二者在節能技術上所採行的理念及方法上有何不同，在運用上及效益上又有何差異，如何截長補短、互補運用，希望能找出綠建築節能策略上的較佳方案。論文中藉由對建築本質、建築機能性的探討，並根據「建築氣候設計」原理，提出以「被動式建築設計為主」、「主動式機械節能為輔」的節能策略來進行綠建築設計。同時，透過實際案例的模擬解析，探究建築物如何在參考當地氣候環境的前提下，應用計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）模擬風場、能量場及舒適度（Thermal Comfort）評估等工具，配合業主的需求來進行綠建築的規劃與設計。
在採取被動式優先、主動式優化的節能效益上，研究成果發現本研究個案所使用之F/C +排風扇中央空調系統，比一般AHU空調箱系統的用電量，每年約可省下63.8%的電量。同時，在被動式節能設計、使用氣冷蒸發式冰水機的全年用電量，比無被動式節能設計、使用氣冷式冰水機的全年用電量，則節省了30.7%的電量。本研究成果可以提供綠建築設計師在節能策略、技術上之參考。如何根據地區、氣候等等不同因素而採行適切、有效的節能策略與方法，設計出符合當地生態，能永續發展，並兼顧人文面向的綠建築。

The idea of “green building” has become an important development direction in the architectural design in the 21st century. It focuses on an organic integration between architecture and the natural environment. The purpose is to provide human beings with a comfortable living space and environment, and at the same time reducing the consumption of natural resources and materials derived from the earth. As a matter of fact, the issues of natural resource have protruded to the forefront on every country’s agenda. It is only natural that energy saving strategy and technology application on green buildings gradually attract a lot of attention.
This article focuses on the research of comparing passive and active energy-saving strategies on green architectural design. It comprises of a discussion about the differences on the concepts and methodologies of the two types of strategies, their application as well as cost and benefits variations. It also juxtaposes the two strategies and examines how they can complement each other in order to obtain a better energy-saving strategy during their application. In this paper, the natures and functions of buildings were explored. In addition, based on the principle of “climate-responsive design”, the energy conservation strategies of “using passive building design primarily, with active mechanical energy conservation as auxiliary” were proposed to carry out green building design. At the same time, through the simulations and analyses of actual cases, how the green buildings, under the premises of referring to the local climate environment, applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate wind field, energy field, thermal comfort, and other assessment tools were explored; meanwhile, green building planning and design were carried out in conjunction with the needs of the proprietors.
In terms of the energy saving effectiveness based on passive priority and active optimization, the result of this study reveals that the F/C(Fan Coil Unit,FCU) and exhaust fan central air conditioning system used in this case can save around 63.8% of electricity every year as compared to the power consumption by conventional AHU(Air Handlung Unit) central air conditioning system. Meanwhile, the air-cooled evaporative chiller based on passive energy saving design can save up to 30.7% in a year as compared to the air-cooled chiller without any passive energy saving design.The result of this research paper will provide reference points for architects and engineers on green buildings of energy-saving applications and strategies. It will allow architects adapt to different factors, geographic locations, and weather patterns to select appropriate and effective energy-saving strategies and methods. As a result, it will also conform to local environment and provide a sustainable development model for green buildings.

中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i
英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iii
誌 謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vi
目 錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vii
表 目 錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ x
圖 目 錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xii
符號說明 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xvi

第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
1.1 研究背景與動機--------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 研究目的與方法--------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.3 研究步驟------------------------------------------------------------------ 2
第二章 文獻探討------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
2.1 綠建築--------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.2 節能策略------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
2.2.1主動式節能-------------------------------------------------------- 8
2.2.2被動式節能-------------------------------------------------------- 9
2.3 建築節能理論------------------------------------------------------------ 13
2.3.1建築的本質-------------------------------------------------------- 13
2.3.2建築的機能性------------------------------------------------------ 14
2.3.3建築氣候設計----------------------------------------------------- 16
1. 氣候環境系統-------------------------------------------------- 17
2. 應用計算流體力學CFD-------------------------------------- 19
3. 熱舒適理論----------------------------------------------------- 23
2.4 兩種節能策略的比較與運用------------------------------------------ 41
第三章 研究方法------------------------------------------------------------------ 44
3.1 計算流體力學（CFD）------------------------------------------------- 46
3.1.1計算流體力學數學模型----------------------------------------- 47
3.1.2計算流體力學模擬步驟----------------------------------------- 51
3.2 熱舒適（Thermal Comfort)）研究方法----------------------------- 54
3.2.1熱舒適的概念----------------------------------------------------- 54
3.2.2熱舒適參數的定義----------------------------------------------- 56
3.2.3 PMV-PPD方程式的數學模型---------------------------------- 60
第四章 結果與討論 -------------------------------------------------------------- 69
4.1 個案簡介------------------------------------------------------------------ 69
4.1.1規劃設計原則----------------------------------------------------- 69
1. 地貌架構之回應----------------------------------------------- 69
2. 場所精神的形塑------------------------------------------------ 71
3. 機能秩序的建立----------------------------------------------- 75
4.1.2大殿樣式設計說明及綠建築設計----------------------------- 77
1. 承襲木構造寺院建築風格_東方建築研究限制--------- 77
2. 臺基 柱列 屋頂----------------------------------------------- 79
3. 比例的調整----------------------------------------------------- 82
4.1.3 玄奘文化中心樣式設計說明及綠建築設計---------------- 83
1. 那爛陀寺意象．磚造寺院建築_東方建築---------------- 83
2. 那爛陀寺空間轉譯-------------------------------------------- 85
4.2 建築氣候要素分析------------------------------------------------------ 90
4.2.1架設小型氣象站-------------------------------------------------- 91
4.2.2 氣候條件分析---------------------------------------------------- 91
4.3 CFD模擬設定----------------------------------------------------------- 96
4.3.1風場模擬設定----------------------------------------------------- 96
1. 模型個案說明-------------------------------------------------- 97
2. 計算模型設定-------------------------------------------------- 98
3. 風場模擬環境設定-------------------------------------------- 98
4.3.2風場模擬結果----------------------------------------------------- 99
4.3.3熱環境模擬-------------------------------------------------------- 111
1. 建築物大殿的表面溫熱模擬分析-------------------------- 111
2. 建築物大殿室內溫熱模擬分析----------------------------- 115
4.4 建築物大殿舒適度模擬分析----------------------------------------- 118
4.4.1建築物大殿三月時室內自然通風舒適度模擬-------------- 121
1. 靜坐行為-------------------------------------------------------- 121
2. 拜佛行為-------------------------------------------------------- 125
4.4.2建築物大殿十一月時室內自然通風舒適度模擬----------- 130
1. 靜坐行為-------------------------------------------------------- 130
2. 拜佛行為-------------------------------------------------------- 134
4.4.3建築物大殿室內冷氣空調舒適度模擬----------------------- 139
4.5 被動式(自然通風)為主、主動式(空調)為輔的節能成效-------- 148
第五章 結論與建議--------------------------------------------------------------- 160
5.1 結論------------------------------------------------------------------------ 160
5.2 建議------------------------------------------------------------------------ 165
參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 168

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