我們大多數人都知道當雨天來臨，或颱風欲將來臨前,切莫到河川、溪邊、江邊遊玩以避免危險，但最難避免的是在未知情上游天氣狀況，而在下游遊戲玩水的人卻渾然不知上游已下起大雨，而下游的人還誤以為天氣好，繼續開心玩樂中，等到發現水位怎突然上升的快速時，想要逃跑離開但大多數成功機率已非常之低，由歷年新聞報導如此意外傷亡者不在少數，因此本論文所設計規劃的這個控制系統可有效防範於未然，並以4-20mA AD Converter判定水位的變化，是否為(合理)常態水位變化量，由處理器運算出非常態的變化量，且有危險程度等級,將立即啟動警報系統機制，同步驅動上游到下游的沿岸各個警報樁，警示燈(持續閃亮)+警報聲(警報10秒)+高聲量喇叭(警報完後接續撥放警告語音與警報音交替)，並同步連接到警察局，或派出所，並於警報時由系統主動撥放一段預先錄好警告語音，比如說：XXX河(溪，江)上游偵測到水位異常上升，請水域中及周圍人員立即離開危險範圍，並主動協助其他人員或告知未聽到警報的人員立即離開，以避免過時來不及逃離而受傷害。諸如以上所預先錄製警告語音，而於緊急狀況時自動驅動撥放，警示+警報+語音擴音警告。(建議由上游沿途到下游終點每100~200公尺設置岸邊警報樁),以期達智能河川安全監控的理想目標。

Most of us know that when a rainy day is coming, or when a typhoon is about to come, do n’t go to rivers, streams, and rivers to avoid danger, but the most difficult thing to avoid is to play in the upstream weather conditions of unknown circumstances, and play in the downstream games. The people on the water didn't know that the upper reaches had rained heavily, and the people on the downstreams mistakenly thought that the weather was good and continued to have fun. When they found out how the water level suddenly rose quickly, they wanted to run away but most of the chances of success were very low. There are not many accidental casualties reported by the news in the past years, so the control system designed and planned in this paper can effectively prevent it from happening, and use 4-20mA AD Converter to determine whether the water level change is (reasonable) normal water level change, The abnormal amount of change is calculated by the processor, and there is a danger level, the alarm system mechanism will be activated immediately, and the various alarm piles along the coast from upstream to downstream will be synchronously driven, and the warning light (continually flashing) + alarm sound (alarm 10 seconds) + High-volume loudspeaker (alternating dialing of warning voice and alarm sound alternately after the alarm is completed), and connected to the police station or police station synchronously, and by the system master during the alarm Play a pre-recorded warning voice, for example: an abnormal rise in the water level is detected upstream of the XXX River (brook, river), and people in and around the water area should immediately leave the danger zone and actively assist other personnel or inform those who have not heard the alarm Leave immediately to avoid being injured when the time is too late. Such as the pre-recorded warning voice above, and automatically drive the dial in an emergency, warning + alarm + voice amplification warning. (It is recommended to set up shore alarm piles every 100 to 200 meters from the upstream to the downstream end) in order to achieve the ideal goal of intelligent river safety monitoring.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究方法及目的 2
1.3論文架構 6
1.4文獻探討 7
第二章 水位監測與可程式控制器 8
2.1 水位瞬時漲幅與危險程度 8
2.2 可程式控制器(PLC)的編程語言 9
2.2.1 指令表編程 9
2.2.2 梯形圖編輯 9
2.2.3 SFC(STL<步進梯形圖>)編程 9
2.2.4 ST(結構文本) 10
2.2.5 結構化梯形圖 10
2.2.6 FBD(功能模塊表) 10
2.3 應用指令的介紹 11
2.3.1 程序流程 11
2.3.2 傳送･比較 11
2.3.3 四則･邏輯運算 11
2.3.4 循環･移位 12
2.3.5 數據處理 12
2.3.6 高速處理 13
2.3.7 便捷指令･外圍設備用的指令 13
2.3.8 複雜的控制 14
2.3.9 定位控制 14
第三章 系統設計 15
3.1 硬體系統 15
3.1.1 系統架構 15
3.2 PLC與HMI硬體設計 23
3.3 兩線壓力式液位傳感器工作原理與應用 27
3.3.1 接觸式液位計 27
3.3.2 非接觸式液位計 27
3.3.3 壓力式液位傳感器量測原理 27
3.3.4 GL-136輸入型液位傳感器 28
3.3.5 GL-136特點 28
3.3.6 技術參數 29
第四章 實驗與測試 30
4.1 實驗環境與實驗設備 30
4.1.1 實驗環境 30
4.1.2 警報樁之設立要求 30
4.1.3 實驗設備 30
4.2 實驗步驟 31
4.2.1 GL-136水位傳感器的設置 32
4.2.2 傳感器接至PLC之FX5-4AD-ADP 34
4.2.3 使用水桶模擬河川溪流動狀態調整程式 35
4.2.4 PLC 程式 36
第五章 結論 40
5.1結論 40
5.2未來研究方向 41
參考文獻 42

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