臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鹽逆境會影響植物的生長發育，其中光合作用為植物生長的必要代謝，也是測量鹽逆境程度的主要指標。冰花(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)為耐鹽植物，已知根部存在肌醇運輸蛋白，可協助將鈉離子運輸到地上部儲存。為了瞭解添加肌醇如何影響鹽處理冰花的生長與光合作用，將幼年早期或幼年晚期的水耕冰花以400 mM NaCl與1或10 mM肌醇處理7天，觀察和測量生長相關參數，並進行光合作用相關的生理測定。添加10 mM肌醇的水耕冰花根部有微生物附著，所以降低肌醇濃度為1 mM、每隔三天更換一次水耕液、移植冰花前用滅菌水沖洗根部、在通氣管裝設過濾膜與使用鋁箔紙包覆水耕桶避光，藉由添加肌醇處理的水耕冰花進行測試，冰花根部與水耕液的微生物孳生情況減少。高鹽造成幼年早期冰花生長減緩與葉部脫水，地上部、地下部鮮重與根部長度下降，葉部相對含水量上升與含水量下降，葉部與根部的鈉含量上升，而添加肌醇並未造成鹽處理冰花鮮重、根部長度、相對含水量、含水量與鈉含量顯著變化。葉部的光系統II實際效能與電子傳遞速率隨鹽處理天數下降，添加肌醇可以減緩其下降的幅度，高鹽造成葉部的Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)上升，提高能量散失，添加肌醇可以減少鹽處理葉部的能量散失。高鹽造成葉部的CO2固定速率與葉綠素含量下降，添加肌醇可以減緩高鹽對光合作用速率與葉綠素含量的影響，而添加肌醇並未造成鹽處理葉部氣孔導度顯著變化，本論文發現添加肌醇減緩鹽逆境的主要因素為促進光合作用光反應的電子傳遞鏈。此外，添加肌醇降低幼年期冰花的氣孔導度，推測肌醇可能參與冰花幼年期到成熟期的CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism)代謝轉變。

Salt stress affects the growth and development of plants. Photosynthesis is an essential metabolism in plants which is an important index of measuring degrees of salt stress. Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is an inducible halophyte. Roots exist myo-inositol transporters that can facilitate the transport of excessive sodium ions to leaves for storage. To study how adding myo-inositol affects the growth and photosynthesis of salt-treated ice plants, hydroponically-grown ice plants at early or late stage of juvenile were treated with 400 mM NaCl and 1 or 10 mM myo-inositol for seven days. Growth-related parameters were observed and measured, and physiological measurements related to photosynthesis were conducted. Hydroponically-grown ice plants treated with 10 mM myo-inositol had microorganisms attached to the roots, therefore, the concentration of myo-inositol was reduced to 1 mM. Further precautions to avoid contaminations include changing hydroponic solutions every three days, washing roots with sterilized water before transplant, aerating hydroponic solutions with filtered air, and wrapping hydroponic containers with aluminum foil to avoid light. As the result, the growth of microorganisms attached to the roots was greatly reduced. Addition of 400 mM NaCl caused growth retardation of early stage of juvenile plants, including wilted leaves, reduced fresh weights of shoots and roots, reduced root lengths, decreased relative water contents and water contents of leaves, increased sodium contents of leaves and roots. Adding myo-inositol to salt-treated ice plants have no significant changes in fresh weights, lengths of roots, relative water contents, water contents and sodium contents. Practical PSII efficiencies and electron transport rates of leaves decreased with days of salt treatment, and adding myo-inositol alleviated the adverse effects. Non-photochemical quenching increased in salt-treated leaves indicating increasing energy loss in leaves, and adding myo-inositol reduced energy loss in salt-treated leaves. Salinity decreased CO2 assimilation rates and chlorophyll contents in leaves, and adding myo-inositol alleviated the adverse effects. Stomatal conductance did not affect by adding myo-inositol in salt-treated leaves. The primary effect of myo-inositol on salt stress was to promote the electron transport chain of light reaction of photosynthesis. I also observed adding myo-inositol alone to the juvenile plant decreased stomatal conductance at midday suggesting myo-inositol participates in the process of CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) induction during juvenile to adult transition.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iii
表目次 v
圖目次 vi
壹、前言 1
一、鹽逆境與植物 1
(一) 鹽逆境 1
(二) 鹽逆境對植物的影響 1
1. 生長發育 1
2. 光系統的組成與葉綠素的代謝 1
3. 光系統吸收光能的機制 2
4. 光合作用 4
5. 鈉鉀平衡 5
6. 氧化逆境 5
(三)植物的耐鹽機制 6
1. 離子通道蛋白 6
2. 相容質 6
3. 抗氧化酵素 6
4. Abscisic acid (ABA) 6
二、耐鹽植物冰花 7
(一)冰花發育階段 7
(二)冰花CAM的誘導 7
(三)冰花的耐鹽機制 8
(四)水耕冰花 8
三、肌醇生合成與肌醇參與的耐鹽機制 8
(一)肌醇生合成 9
(二)肌醇在鹽逆境下的功能 9
1. 肌醇促進鈉離子的運輸 9
2. 甲基化肌醇 9
四、研究目的 10
貳、材料與方法 11
一、實驗材料 11
(一)冰花(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)小苗土耕栽培 11
(二)幼年期冰花水耕栽培 11
(三)幼年期冰花鹽與肌醇處理 11
(四)測試水耕液的微生物滋生情況 11
二、實驗方法 12
(一)葉部相對含水量與含水量的測定 12
(二)葉部與根部Na與K含量 12
1. 葉部的Na與K含量 12
2. 根部的Na與K含量 13
(三)葉部的葉綠素螢光參數 13
1. 光系統Ⅱ實際效能與電子傳遞速率 13
2. 光系統Ⅱ最大效能與NPQ 13
(四)葉部的光合作用速率 14
1. 光反應曲線 14
2. 光合作用速率、氣孔導度、細胞間二氧化碳濃度與蒸散作用速白 率的測定 14
(五)葉部的葉綠素與類胡蘿蔔素含量 14
參、結果 16
一、水耕冰花系統的改良與防止微生物滋生的測試 16
二、高鹽與1 mM肌醇對幼年初期冰花的影響 17
三、高鹽與1 mM肌醇對幼年晚期冰花的影響 20
四、高鹽與10 mM肌醇對幼年晚期冰花的影響 21
肆、討論 23
一、冰花生長 23
二、光系統II效能與葉綠素 24
三、NPQ與類胡蘿蔔素 24
四、二氧化碳固定與氣孔導度 25
五、總結與未來展望 25
伍、參考文獻 26
陸、附錄 61

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