臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

細菌纖維素(Bacterial cellulose, BC)為一種由微生物所生產之聚合物，在結構及特性方面遠優於植物纖維素，目前廣泛應用於食品及醫療工業上。本研究以蒸餾酒副產物高粱酒糟為培養基質，與水混合並分別施以高速均質、超音波及酵素輔助萃取等預處理，經過濾即為萃取液。接種Komagataeibacter rhaeticus NCHU R-1於萃取液中，靜置培養生產BC，培養8天後測量其濕重及乾重。首先探討預處理能否使高粱酒糟之營養成分有效釋出以利BC生長。接續以靜置培養為基礎，改良培養容器，於容器內上部加以通氣，探討在密閉、被動通氣及主動通氣等不同通氣條件對於BC之產量及特性影響。結果顯示，以僅經高速均質後之高粱酒糟萃取液為培養基組有最佳之BC產率，濕重及乾重分別為7.83 ± 0.27 g/20 mL及0.13 ± 0.00 g/20 mL，萃取過程短且無須添加酵素及進行加熱。在改良靜置發酵體系(容器容積5.70 L)中，培養8天之主動通氣組(通氣量：2.40 L/min)有最高之BC乾重(3.92 ± 0.30 g/500 mL)、膜內生菌數(8.21 ± 0.21 log CFU/g wet weight)，結果顯示於靜置培養時通氣有利醋酸菌生長並能產出較多BC。而在BC膜之微細構造(SEM)結果顯示主動通氣組之BC膜表面有較多的醋酸菌，且該膜纖維結構緻密且孔隙小，並且於物理特性包含保水率(71.88 ± 2.76%)、復水率(202.06 ± 5.32%)、溶脹比(106.32 ± 4.40%)、纖維密度(0.01012 ± 0.0008 g/cm3)及拉伸強度(196.66 ± 31.92 MPa)等皆有優異的表現。綜合上述，於靜置培養下通氣有利BC生長，並對BC結構特性造成影響，使BC具更多應用性。

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a kind of polymer produced by bacteria, and is composed of almost pure cellulose. BC is therefore far superior to plant cellulose in structure and characteristics, and is currently widely used in food and medical industry. In this study, sorghum liquor waste (SLW), a by-product of distilled liquor, was used as the culture medium. First, SLW was mixed with water and pretreated with high-speed homogenization, ultrasonic or enzymes, respectively. The pretreated mixtures after filteration was called aqueous extract of SLW. Subsequently, the aqueous extract was inoculated with Komagataeibacter rhaeticus NCHU R-1 to produce cellulose in a static culture. After 8 days of cultivation, the wet and dry weight of the BC were measured. Effect of the pretreatment on enhancing release of the nutrients of SLW for BC growth was investigated. Finally, based on the static culture, the culture container (capacity: 5.70 L) was designed in order to regulate aeration. The upper part of culture container was aerated to evaluate the effects of different aeration conditions, including closed, passive aeration and active aeration on the production and characteristics of bacterial cellulose. The results showed that SLW pretreated by high-speed homogenization led to the higest bacterial cellulose production with wet weight (7.83 g/20 mL) and dry weight (0.13 g/20 mL); moreover, the extraction process was short and no enzymes and heating were required. In the improved static fermentation system, the 8-day active aeration group (aeration rate: 2.40 L/min) had the highest BC dry weight (3.92 g/500 mL) and the number of entrapped cells within BC (8.21 log CFU/g). It was found that the aerated static culture could benefit the growth of acetic acid bacteria and yield of BC. Based on the results of SEM, more acetic acid bacteria on the surface of the BC membrane could be observed in the active aeration group, and the cellulosic fiber structure was compact and the pores were small; besides, there were good performance in physical properties including water-holding rate (71.88%), rehydration rate (202.06%), swelling rate (106.32%), fiber density (0.01012 g/cm3) and tensile strength (196.66 MPa), etc. Based on the above results, aeration under static culture facilitates the growth of BC in turn and affects the structural characteristics of BC, making BC more applicable.

摘要i
Abstract ii
目次 iv
圖目次 vi
表目次 viii
第一章、前言 1
第二章、文獻整理 2
一、細菌纖維素介紹 2
(一) 細菌纖維素結構及特性 2
(二) 細菌纖維素之生合成路徑 6
(三) 細菌纖維素之增長模式 9
(四) 生產細菌纖維素菌株 9
(五) 影響細菌纖維素之生產因子 11
(六) 細菌纖維素之應用 13
二、細菌纖維素生產之培養模式 15
(一) 靜置培養(static culture) 15
(二) 攪拌培養(agitated culture) 17
三、基質介紹 20
第三章、材料與方法 22
一、 實驗材料 22
(一) 實驗原料 22
(二) 實驗菌株 22
(三) 酵素 22
(四) 培養基 22
(五) 化學藥劑 23
(六) 發酵容器 24
二、 儀器設備 24
三、 套裝軟體 25
四、實驗方法 26
(一) 實驗架構 26
(二) 菌株活化 27
(三) 基本成分分析 27
(四) 高粱酒糟之較適萃取條件探討 30
(五) 較適培養條件探討 31
(六) 改良式靜置發酵系統 32
(七) 發酵過程分析項目 34
(八) 細菌纖維素膜之物性測定項目 36
第四章、結果與討論 40
一、 高粱酒糟基本成分分析 40
二、 培養基較適萃取條件探討 40
(一) 不同物理性預處理對細菌纖維素產量之影響 40
(二) 不同酵素預處理對細菌纖維素產量之影響 43
(三) 加熱萃取時間對細菌纖維素產量之影響 43
三、 較適培養條件探討 47
(一) 碳源種類對細菌纖維素產量之影響 47
(二) 碳源濃度對細菌纖維素產量之影響 47
(三) 培養液初始pH對細菌纖維素產量之影響 49
四、 改良式靜置發酵系統 52
(一) 氣體條件對發酵期間細菌纖維素產量之影響 52
(二) 不同氣體條件對細菌纖維素膜物理特性之影響 59
第五章、結論 77
一、 高粱酒糟之較適萃取及培養條件 77
二、 改良式靜置發酵系統 77
(一) 氣體條件對細菌纖維素產量之影響 77
(二) 氣體條件對細菌纖維素產量之物性影響 77
第六章、未來展望 78
一、 通氣條件對細菌纖維素之影響 78
二、 改良式靜置發酵體系 78
三、 通氣之細菌纖維素應用 78
第七章、參考文獻 79
一、 中文文獻 79
二、 英文文獻 79

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