跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(44.200.94.150) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/10/15 22:58
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

我願授權國圖
: 
twitterline
研究生:李冠賦
研究生(外文):Guan-Fu Li
論文名稱:美國政府無人機反恐:政策演進、實踐與影響
論文名稱(外文):U.S. Counterterrorism and the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Policy Evolution, Practices and Implications
指導教授:崔進揆崔進揆引用關係
口試委員:楊三億林子立
口試日期:2020-01-30
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中興大學
系所名稱:國際政治研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:政治學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2020
畢業學年度:108
語文別:中文
論文頁數:113
中文關鍵詞:無人機恐怖主義反恐戰爭國家恐怖主義歐巴馬政府
外文關鍵詞:UAV(Drones)TerrorismWar on TerrorState TerrorismThe Obama Administration
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:1
  • 點閱點閱:343
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:0
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
2001年九一一恐怖攻擊事件發生後,美國總統小布希(George W. Bush)推動「反恐戰爭」(War on Terror),並將打擊恐怖主義視為美國政策的首要目標,而無人機(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)亦開始被美國政府逐漸運用在反恐的攻擊行動中。然而,在取得打擊恐怖主義成果的同時,無人機卻也造成了嚴重的平民傷亡。美國在歐巴馬政府執政期間,開始大量的使用無人機,無論是戰場上的情報搜集或是進行危險的攻擊行動皆可以看到無人機的身影,而這無非都是為了減少美國士兵的人員傷亡。然而,頻繁的無人機使用,卻使得他國國民生活在極度的驚恐之中,這不僅沒有達到打擊恐怖主義的目的,甚至可能激起目標國居民強烈的反美情緒。鑑此,本研究試圖找出美國政府運用無人機作為反恐工具的原因,以及美國政府如何合法化、合理化無人機的反恐政策,並評析無人機在反恐作戰上的優缺點,最後探討無人機在國際法上的爭議,以及其對人權的侵害與影響,進而反思美國政府使用無人機的反恐政策。
Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, US President George W. Bush promoted the "War on Terror" and prioritized counter-terrorism as the preoccupation of US foreign and security policies. In the name of counter-terrorism, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) began to be used by the US government in its anti-terrorism initiatives. However, while achieving the goal of combating terrorism, the UAVs have caused serious civilian casualties. During Obama’s tenure, drone strikes were constantly adopted by US policy-making elites to tackle the threats posed by terrorism and terrorists. Consequently, drones were particularly deployed in many critical countries aimed at conducting lethal military strikes and reducing American casualties. Notably, the frequent use of drones has caused foreign nationals to live in unsafe conditions. Critics argue that drone strikes implemented by US administrations not only failed to achieve the goal of combating terrorism, but also fueled severe anti-American sentiment. In the present research, I try to find out why U.S. administrations used drones as the major counter-terrorism tool and how the use of drones was legitimized and rationalized by US politicians. Additionally, issues related to the use of drones and international law, and the violation of human rights, are analyzed and discussed.
第一章 緒論 1
第一節、研究動機與目的 1
第二節、重要文獻檢閱 3
第三節、研究問題與研究方法 17
第四節、研究範圍與限制 21
第五節、章節安排 22
第二章 美國政府無人機反恐政策演進 27
第一節、小布希政府與無人機反恐 29
第二節、歐巴馬政府與無人機反恐 34
第三節、川普政府與無人機反恐 44
第四節、小結 48
第三章 美國政府無人機反恐政策實踐 51
第一節、無人機使用之優點與益處 52
第二節、無人機使用之問題與缺失 55
第三節、無人機反恐成效評析 60
第四節、小結 66
第四章 美國政府無人機反恐政策反思 69
第一節、國際法之爭議 70
第二節、人權侵害之爭議 77
第三節、國家恐怖主義 84
第四節、小結 90
第五章 結論 93
第一節、研究發現與成果 94
第二節、未來展望與建議 97
參考書目 100
參考書目
壹、中文部分

(一)專書
Cockburn, Andrew著,劉明揚譯(2016),《解密無人機》。台北:如果出版公司。
Yenne, Bill著,丁文銳、劉春輝、李思吟譯(2014)。《戰爭中的無人機》,北京:中國市場出版社。
巨克毅,(2010)《全球安全與戰略研究的新思維》。台北:鼎茂圖書。
張維斌,(2002),《無人飛機秘密檔案》。台北:幼獅文化事業股份有限公司。
葉乃嘉,(2006),《研究方法的第一本書》。台北:五南。
葉至誠、葉立誠(2002),《研究方法與論文寫作》。台北:商鼎文化出版社。
楊永明(2003),《國際安全與國際法》。台北:元照出版。

(二)期刊論文
Richard Jackson著, 崔進揆譯,〈國際關係和平主義的回歸〉,《歐亞研究》,2019年,第六期,頁1-12。
洪銘德,〈美國重返亞洲政策之研究〉,《全球政治評論》,2015年,第51期,頁147-165。
高佩珊,〈從重返亞洲至再平衡─論美國亞太政策〉,《中國行政評論》,2013年,第19卷,第2期,頁157-177。
馬勇、邱實,〈南亞地區恐怖主義態勢及反恐合作〉,《國際研究參考》,2013年,第一期。
徐遵慈,〈從「重返亞洲」到「印太戰略」-美國對東南亞政策的轉變與最新發展〉,《經濟前瞻》,2018年,第178期,頁106-111。
夏桐,〈美國重返亞洲下的台灣〉,《海峽評論》,2012年,第259期,頁87-88。
陳文生,〈布希政府反恐安全戰略及其挑戰:伊拉克經驗的檢討〉,《政治科學論叢》,2005年,第25期,頁1-28。
張凱銘,〈論歐巴馬政府的東亞戰略選擇〉,《臺灣國際研究季刊》,2011年,第7卷,第3期,頁175-194。
張孟湧,〈美國重返亞洲後兩岸關係的發展與走向之研究〉,《國家發展研究》,2013年,第13卷,第1期,頁157-197。
崔進揆,〈美國政府反恐政策之演進:意識形態、外交理念與實踐〉,《歐亞研究》,第九期(2019年),頁81-90。
謝敏捷,〈美國的中東政策──布希總統推動中東民主的機會與挑戰〉,《台灣國際研究季刊》,第一卷,第三期,頁2-3。
萬曉宏,〈美國無人機反恐行動分析〉,《現代國際關係》,2016年,第八期。
趙忠傑、管怡聲,〈從小布希至歐巴馬時期美國反恐戰略變遷之研究〉,《國防雜誌》,2011年,第二十六卷,第三期,頁77-92。
賴怡忠,〈歐巴馬時代的美國-亞太關係展望〉,《臺灣國際研究季刊》,2009年,第5卷第1期,頁43-79。
賴文儀,〈軍用機器人與正義戰爭傳統〉,《全球政治評論》,2017年,第59期,頁51-80。

(三)學位論文
王正,《論美國武裝無人機的國際法問題》(台北:政治大學外交研究所碩士論文,2014年)
朱正傑,《美國無人機發展之研究-以武裝攻擊型機(UCAV)為例(2000-2015年)》(台北:淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班論文,2017年)。
陳嘉儀,《九一一後巴基斯坦恐怖主義對南亞區域安全之影響—以虔誠軍為例》(台中:中興大學國際政治研究所碩士學位論文,2010年)。
善學,《巴基斯坦和葉門的無人機:在美國反恐戰爭中是有效或是破壞穩定的戰術?》(台北:政治大學國際研究英語碩士學位論文,2016年)。

(四)網路資料
〈美國倚賴無人機反恐 反而製造更多恐怖分子〉,《今日新聞》,2015年11月20日,https://www.nownews.com/news/20151120/1890019(2018/11/19瀏覽)
〈美軍無人機殺死了多少平民?一份不完整的殺戮記錄〉,《關鍵評論網》,2015年10月19日,https://www.thenewslens.com/article/26774(2018/11/19瀏覽)
李連傑,〈美擬裁減國防預算 歐巴馬宣布10年新戰略〉,《新頭殼》(2019/10/15瀏覽),https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2012-01-06/21054
吳象元,〈來自「深喉嚨」的消息:美國無人機任務,大多空襲死者非預定目標〉,《關鍵評論網》,2015年10月17日,https://hk.thenewslens.com/article/26694(2018/11/19瀏覽)
林伯雍,〈未來戰爭:無人作戰機的道德爭議與利弊〉,《洞見國際事務評論網》,2015年04月1日,http://www.insight-post.tw/editor-pick/asia-pacific-strategy/20150401/12240(2018/06/19瀏覽)

貳、英文部分

(ㄧ)專書
Akehurst, Michael. (1984). Intervention in World Politics. Oxford: Clarendon Press
Calhoun, Laurie. (2016). We Kill Because We Can: From Soldiering to Assassination in the Drone Age. London: Zed Books Ltd.
Chamayou, Grégoire. (2015). A Theory of the Drone. New York: The New Press.
Calhoun, Laurie. (2015). We Kill Because We Can: From Soldiering to Assassination in the Drone Age. London: Zed Books.
Jackson, Richard & Tsui, Chin-Kuei. (2016). The Obama Doctrine: A Legacy of Continuity in US Foreign Policy?. Abington, U.K.; New York, US.: Routledge.
Jackson, R., Murphy, E., & Poynting, S. (2009). Contemporary State Terrorism: Theory and Practice, UK: Routledge.
Jackson, R., Breen-Smyth, M & Gunning, J. (2009). Critical Terrorism Studies: A New Research Agenda. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge.
Jackson, R., Jarvis, L., Gunning, J. & Breen-Smyth, M. (2011). Terrorism: A Critical Introduction. London, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan.
Jackson, R. & Sinclair, S. (2012). Contemporary Debates on Terrorism. Abingdon, U.K.: Routledge.
Kant, Immanual. (1992) .Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Essay. Translated with an introduction and notes by M. Campbell Smith. Bristol: Thoemmes Press.
Newcome, L. R. (2004). Unmanned Aviation: A Brief History of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Virginia, U.S.: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
Shah, Sikander A. (2014). International Law and Drone Strikes in Pakistan: the Legal and Socio-political Aspects. London: Routledge.
Singer, P.W. (2009). Wired for War: The Robotics Revolution and Conflict in the 21st Century. New York : Penguin.
Waltz, Kenneth. (1959). Man, State and War, New York: Columbia University Press.
Yenne, Bill. (2010). Birds of Prey: Predators, Reapers and America’s Newest UAVs in Combat. North Branch, MN.: Specialty Press.

(二)期刊論文
Afxentiou, Afxentis. (2018). “A history of drones: moral(e) bombing and state terrorism, Critical Studies on Terrorism,” Critical Studies on Terrorism, Vol.11, No.2, pp.301-320.
Blank, Laurie R. (2012). “After ‘Top Gun’: How Drone Strikes Impact the Law of War,” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.675-715.
Blakeley, Ruth. (2018). “Drones, state terrorism and international law”, Critical Studies on Terrorism, Vol.11, No.2, pp.321-341.
Boyle, Michael J. (2013). “The Costs and Consequences of Drone Warfare,” International Affairs, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp.1-29.
Byman, Daniel. (2013). “Why drones work: The case for Washington's weapon of choice”. Foreign Affairs, Vol.92, No.4, pp.32-43.
Calhoun, Laurie. (2018). “Totalitarian Tendencies in Drone Strikes by States,” Critical Studies on Terrorism, Vol.11, No.2, pp.357-375.
Callam, Andrew. (2010). “Drone Wars: Armed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,” International Affairs Review, Vol.18, No.3, https://capapu.ga/n-h.pdf
Chesney, Robert. (2010). “Who May Be Killed? Anwar al-Awlaki as a Case Study in the International Legal Regulation of Lethal Force,” Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Vol.13, pp.3-60.
Cronin, Audrey Kurth. (2013). “Why drones fail: When tactics drive strategy”. Foreign Affairs, Vol.92, No.4, pp.44-54.
Doyle, Michael. (1983). “Kant, Liberal Legacies, and Foreign Affairs,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol.12, No.5, pp.205-235.
Emery, J. R. and Brunstetter, D. R. (2015) “Drones as Aerial Occupation.” Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, Vol. 27, pp.424–431.
Espinoza, Marina. (2018). “State terrorism: orientalism and the drone programme,” Critical Studies on Terrorism, Vol.11, No.3, pp.1-18.
McCrisken, Trevor. (2013). “Obama’s Drone War,” Survial, Vol.55, No.2, pp.97-122.
Mir, Asfandyar., & Moore, Dylan. (2019). “Drones, Surveillance, and Violence: Theory and Evidence from a US Drone Program,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, pp.846–862
Murphy, Sean D. (2002). “Terrorism and the Concept of Armed Attack in Article 51, of the U.N. Charter,” Harvard International Law Journal, Vol.43, No.1, pp.41-51.
Plaw, Avery., Fricker, M. S., & Williams, B. G. (2011). “Practice Makes Perfect?: The Changing Civilian Toll of CIA Drone Strikes in Pakistan”, Perspectives on Terrorism, Vol.5, No.5-6, pp.51-69
Shaw, Ian. (2013). “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of US Drone Warfare”, Geopolitics, Vol.18, No.3, pp.536-559
Shah, Sikander A. (2010). “War on Terrorism: Self Defense, Operation Enduring Freedom, and the Legality of U.S. Drone Attacks in Pakistan,” Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Vol.9, No.1, pp.116-123.
Schwarz, Elke. (2018). “Flesh and Steel: Antithetical Figures in the War on Terrorism,” Critical Studies on Terrorism, Vol.11, No.2, pp.394-413.
Tsui, Chin-Kuei. (2018). “American Exceptionalism in the US Counterterrorism Discourse: Reagan, Clinton, Bush and Obama,” Journal of European and American Intelligence Studies, Vol.1, No.1, pp.203-226.

(三)網路資料
“Afghanistan: Reported US air and drone strikes 2015,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2019/10/1), https://www.thebureauinvetigates.com/drone-war/data/get-the-data-a-list-of-us-air-and-drone-strikes-afghanistan-2015
Alexa Liautaud, “More bombs, More boots, More casualties,” Vice News (2020/1/15), https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/8xvn8v/more-bombs-more-boots-more-casualties
Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President at the United States Military Academy Commencement Ceremony,” the White House (2019/11/5), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/05/28/remarks-president-united-states-military-academy-commencement-ceremony
Barack Obama, “Statement by the President on ISIL”, the White House (2019/11/6), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the‐press‐office/2014/09/10/statement‐president‐isil‐1
Barack Obama, “President Barack Obama’s Inaugural Address,” the White House (2019/11/5), http:// www.whitehouse.gov/blog/inaugural-address.
Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President at the Acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize,” the White House (2019/11/5), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-acceptance-nobel-peace-prize
Barack Obama, “Remarks by President Obama to the United Nations General Assembly,” the White House (2019/11/5), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/28/remarks-president-obama-united-nations-general-assembly
Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President at Cairo University, 6-04-09,” the White House (2019/11/5), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-cairo-university-6-04-09
Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on Libya,” the White House (2019/11/5), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/03/28/remarks-president-address-nation-libya
Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President at the National Defense University,” the White House (2019/11/5), hhttps://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/23/remarks-president-national-defense-university
Brian Jenkins, “Bush, Obama, And Trump: The Evolution Of U.S. Counterterrorist Policy Since 9/11,” International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (2019/11/7), https://www.ict.org.il/Article/2079/BUSH-OBAMA-AND-TRUMP#gsc.tab=0
“Bush's Inauguration Speech”, The Guardian, (2019/1/11), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/20/uselections2004.usa
Cameron Glenn, “Al Qaeda v ISIS: Leaders & Structure,” Wilson Center (2019/12/12), https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/al-qaeda-v-isis-leaders-structure
“Chapter VII: Action With Respect to Threats to The Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression,” United Nations (2020/1/9), https://www.un.org/en/sections/un-charter/chapter-vii/index.html
Chris Cole, “Rise of the Reapers: A brief history of drones”, Drone Wars (2019/10/23),https://dronewars.net/2014/10/06/rise-of-the-reapers-a-brief-history-of-drones/#_edn24
Chris Dolmetsch, “Times Square Bomber Vows Revenge in Al-Arabiya Video,” Bloomberg (2019/12/15), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-07-14/times-square-bomber-shazhad-vowed-revenge-in-video-al-arabiya-reports
“CIA drone strikes in Pakistan, 2004 to present,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2018/10/26), https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/drones-graphs
Cornor Friedersdorf, “Calling U.S. Drone Strikes 'Surgical' Is Orwellian Propaganda,” The Atlantic (2019/11/29), https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/09/calling-us-drone-strikes-surgical-is-orwellian-propaganda/262920/
David Kilcullen & Andrew Mcdonald Exum, “Death From Above, Outrage Down Below,” The New York Times (2019/12/14), https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/17/opinion/17exum.html?mtrref=www.google.com&gwh=0F7DA501288DFC17A1093811E08D9320&gwt=pay&assetType=PAYWALL
David Kohn, “The Predator: The Most Valuable Weapon In The American Arsenal?”, CBS News (2019/10/22), https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-predator/
Damien Cave, “2007 Is Deadliest Year for U.S. Troops in Iraq,” The New York Times (2019/11/5), https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/07/world/middleeast/07iraq.html
Daniel Klaidman, “Drones: The Silent Killers,” Newsweek (2020/1/21), https://www.newsweek.com/drones-silent-killers-64909
Drone Strike Kills IS Chief in Afghanistan,” Voice of America (2019/12/2), https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/drone-strike-kills-chief-afghanistan
“Drone Strikes: Somalia”, New America, (2019/10/28), https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/somalia/
“Drone Wars: The Full Data,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2020/1/20), https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2017-01-01/drone-wars-the-full-data.
“Flynn’s Last Interview: Iconoclast Departs DIA With A Warning,” Breaking Defense (2018/10/26), https://breakingdefense.com/2014/08/flynns-last-interview-intel-iconoclast-departs-dia-with-a-warning
Gareth Porter, “How McChrystal and Petraeus Built an Indiscriminate Killing Machine.” Truthout (2020/1/21), https://truthout.org/articles/how-mcchrystal-and-petraeus-built-an-indiscriminate-killing-machine/
Gaouette, Nicole. “Obama: ‘No doubt’ U.S. drones have killed civilians,” CNN (2018/10/26), http://edition.cnn.com/2016/04/01/politics/obama-isis-drone-strikes-iran/
Glenn Greenwald , “Obama DOJ again refuses to tell a court whether CIA drone program even exists,” The Guardian (2020/1/18), https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/14/cia-aclu-drone-secrecy
Gordon Lubold, Shane Harris, “Trump Broadens CIA Powers, Allows Deadly Drone Strikes,” The Wall Street Journal (2019/11/7), https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-gave-cia-power-to-launch-drone-strikes-1489444374
“How America’s Drone War in Yemen Strengthens al-Qaeda”, The Atlantic (2018/10/26), https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/drone-war-yemen-al-qaeda/407599/
International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic at Stanford Law School and Global Justice Clinic at NYU School of Law, “Living Under Drones: Death, Injury, And Trauma To Civilians From Us Drone Practices In Pakistan,” https://www-cdn.law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Stanford-NYU-Living-Under-Drones.pdf
Jeremy Scahill, “The Drone Papers,” The Intercept (2020/1/11), https://theintercept.com/drone-papers/the-assassination-complex/
John Brennan, “The Ethics and Efficacy of the President’s Counterterrorism Strategy,” Wilson Center (2019/12/2), https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-efficacy-and-ethics-us-counterterrorism-strategy
JP Santiago, “Genesis of the Predator UAV,” Tails Through Time ( 2019/10/21), http://aviationtrivia.blogspot.com/2011/02/genesis-of-predator-uav.html
Julian Boger, “US air wars under Trump: increasingly indiscriminate, increasingly opaque,’’ The Guardian (2020/1/15), https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jan/23/us-air-wars-trump
Kimberley Amadeo, “Cost of Iraq War, Its Timeline, and the Economic Impact,” the Balance (2019/10/28), https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-iraq-war-timeline-economic-impact-3306301
Kimberley Amadeo, “Afghanistan War Cost, Timeline, and Economic Impact” the Balance (2019/10/28), https://www.thebalance.com/cost-of-afghanistan-war-timeline-economic-impact-4122493
“Koh’s Legal Case for Drones,” Air Force Magazine (2020/1/10), https://www.airforcemag.com/article/0810keeperfile/
Kurt Cambell, Brian Andrews, “Explaining the US ‘Pivot’ to Asia,” Chatham House(2019/10/28),https://kritischesnetzwerk.de/sites/default/files/explaining_the_us_pivot_to_asia_-_kurt_campbell_and_brian_andrews_-_the_asia_group_-_august_2013_-_9_pages_0.pdf
Leila Hudson, Colin S. Owens & Matt Flannes, “Drone Warfare: Blowback from the New American Way of War,” Middle East Policy Council (2019/12/15), https://mepc.org/drone-warfare-blowback-new-american-way-war
“Leader of Pakistani Taliban killed by U.S. drone strike, Afghanistan says,” NBC News (2019/12/2), https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/leader-pakistani-taliban-killed-u-s-drone-strike-afghanistan-say-n883446
“Legality of Targeted Killing Program under International Law, ” Lawfare (2020/1/6), https://www.lawfareblog.com/legality-targeted-killing-program-under-international-law
Mary Ellen O’Connell, “International Law and the Use of Drones,” Chatham House (2020/1/9), https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/International%20Law/il211010drones.pdf
Mary Ellen O'Connell, “Unlawful Killing with Combat Drones: A Case Study of Pakistan, 2004-2009,” Notre Dame Legal Studies Paper, No. 09-43 (2010).
Megan Chuchmach, Nick Schifrin, & Luis Martinez, “Martyrdom Video from CIA Base Bomber Links Deadly Attack to Pakistani Taliban,” ABC NEWS (2019/12/15), https://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/cia-base-bomber-martyrdom-video-taped-deadly-afghanistan/story?id=952175
Mia Swart, “'To stop a war': Did Soleimani killing violate international law?,” Aljazeera (2020/1/14), https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/stop-war-soleimani-killing-violate-international-law-200105050718644.html
Micah Zenko, “Obama’s Final Drone Strike Data,” Council on Foreign Relations (2019/11/6), https://www.cfr.org/blog/obamas-final-drone-strike-data
Micah Zenko, “The (Not-So) Peaceful Transition of Power: Trump’s Drone Strikes Outpace Obama,” Council on Foreign Affairs (2019/11/7), https://www.cfr.org/blog/not-so-peaceful-transition-power-trumps-drone-strikes-outpace-obama
Michael Hastings, “The Rise of the Killer Drones: How America Goes to War in Secret”, Rolling Stone (2019/10/19), https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-rise-of-the-killer-drones-how-america-goes-to-war-in-secret-231297/
Michael R. Gordon, “Trump Shifting Authority Over Military Operations Back to Pentagon,” The New York Times (2019/11/7), https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/19/us/trump-shifting-authority-over-military-operations-back-to-pentagon.html
“Military Stats Reveal Epicenter of U.S. Drone War,” Wired (2019/12/3), https://www.wired.com/2012/11/drones-afghan-air-war/
“Number of U.S. soldiers killed in the Iraq war from 2003 to 2019,” Statista (2019/11/5), https://www.statista.com/statistics/263798/american-soldiers-killed-in-iraq/
“Obama’s covert drone war in numbers: ten times more strikes than Bush,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2019/10/30), https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2017-01-17/obamas-covert-drone-war-in-numbers-ten-times-more-strikes-than-bush
“Pakistani PM pleads with Obama to put an end to drone strike,” The Guardian (2020/1/12), shttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/23/pakistani-pm-obama-end-drone-strikes
“Pakistan orders US out of drone base”, The Guardian (2018/10/26), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/30/pakistan-orders-us-out-drone-base
“Pakistani Public Opinion Ever More Critical of U.S.,” Pew Research Center (2019/12/5), https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2012/06/27/pakistani-public-opinion-ever-more-critical-of-u-s/
“Pakistani Public Opinion Ever More Critical of U.S.,” Pew Research Center (2019/12/5), https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2012/06/27/pakistani-public-opinion-ever-more-critical-of-u-s/
Peter Baker, “With Pledges to Troops and Iraqis, Obama Details Pullout, ” The New York Times (2019/10/28), https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/28/washington/28troops.html
Peter Bergen & Megan Braun, “Drone is Obama’s Weapon of Choice,” CNN (2019/12/5), https://edition.cnn.com/2012/09/05/opinion/bergen-obama-drone/index.html
Piers Robinson, “Media as a Driving Force in International Politics: The CNN Effect and Related Debates,” E-International relations (2019/11/6), https://www.e-ir.info/2013/09/17/media-as-a-driving-force-in-international-politics-the-cnn-effect-and-related-debates/
“President Bush Delivers Graduation Speech at West Point”, The White House (2020/1/10), https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/06/20020601-3.html
Ray Acheson, Matthew Bolton, Elizabeth Minor, and Allison Pytlak, “The Humanitarian Impact of Drones,” Women ́s International League for Peace and Freedom, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/humanitarian-impact-of-drones.pdf
Ryan Whitney, "Air Force stands up first unmanned aircraft systems wing", Air Force Link, (2019/10/28), https://web.archive.org/web/20070508192244/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123051728
Saeed Shah, “Pakistani Taliban claim responsibility for Lahore police academy attack,” The Guardian (2019/12/5), https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/31/pakistan-taliban-lahore-police-attack
Saeed Shah, “Suicide Attack on Pakistani Church Kills at Least 70 People,” Wall Street Journal (2019/12/5), https://www.wsj.com/articles/suicide-attack-on-pakistani-church-kills-52-people-1379840299
Scott Shane, “Drone Strikes Reveal Uncomfortable Truth: U.S. Is Often Unsure About Who Will Die,” The New York Times (2020/1/21), https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/24/world/asia/drone-strikes-reveal-uncomfortable-truth-us-is-often-unsure-about-who-will-die.html
Spencer Ackerman, “41 men targeted but 1147 people killed: US drone strikes – the facts on the ground,”The Guardian (2020/1/18), https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2014/nov/24/-sp-us-drone-strikes-kill-1147
Spencer Ackerman, “After Drones: The Indelible Mark of America’s Remote Control Warfare,” The Guardian (2020/1/21), https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/21/drone-war-obama-pakistan-cia
Steve Coll, “The Unblinking Stare: The Drone War in Pakistan,” The New Yorker (2020/1/21), http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/11/24/unblinking-stare
Sudarsan Raghavan, “In Yemen, US air strikes breed anger, and sympathy for al-Qaeda,” Washington Post (2019/12/14), https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/in-yemen-us-airstrikes-breed-anger-and-sympathy-for-al-qaeda/2012/05/29/gJQAUmKI0U_story.html
“Report questions drone use, widely unpopular globally, but not in the U.S.,” Pew Research Center (2019/12/5), https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/10/23/report-questions-drone-use-widely-unpopular-globally-but-not-in-the-u-s/
“Recognizing the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense in accordance with the Charter,”see UNSC Res.1368, Sep.12, 2001.
“Reaper UAV now flying in Afghanistan,” U.S. Air Force, (2019/10/28), https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/125477/reaper-uav-now-flying-in-afghanistan/
“The first air bomb: Venice, 15 July 1849,” Airminded (2019/10/6), https://airminded.org/2009/08/22/the-first-air-bomb-venice-15-july-1849/
“The Bush Years: Pakistan strikes 2004 – 2009,” The Bureau of Investigative Journalism (2019/10/19), https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/drone-war/data/the-bush-years-pakistan-strikes-2004-2009
“The Drone Papers: The Assassination Complex,” The Intercept (2020/1/14), https://theintercept.com/drone-papers/the-assassination-complex/
“The National Security Strategy of the United State of America,” The White House (2018/10/26), https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/national/nss-020920.pdf
Tom Vanden Brook, " Air Force hopes to boost fleet of lethal fighter drones ", USA Today, (2019/10/31), http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2008/Mar/17/ln/hawaii803170320.html
“Trump Administration Wants to Increase CIA Drone Strikes.” NBC News (2020/1/15), https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/trump-admin-wants-increase-cia-drone-strikes-n802311
“Trump cancels Obama policy of reporting drone strike deaths,” NBC News (2020/1/15), https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-cancels-obama-policy-reporting-drone-strike-deaths-n980156
“U.S. Drone Strikes in Pakistan”, New America (2019/10/28), https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/pakistan/
“U.S. airstrikes in Pakistan called 'very effective',” CNN (2019/12/2), https://edition.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/18/cia.pakistan.airstrikes/
“U.S. Drone Strikes in Pakistan,” New America Foundation (2019/12/4), https://www.newamerica.org/in-depth/americas-counterterrorism-wars/pakistan/
Vivian Salama, “Death from Above: How American Drone Strikes Are Devastating Yemen,” Rolling Stone (2020/1/21), https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/death-from-above-how-american-drone-strikes-are-devastating-yemen-97688/
“Yemen asks U.S. for drones to fight al Qaeda,” Reuters (2020/1/13), https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-usa-drones/yemen-asks-u-s-for-drones-to-fight-al-qaeda-idUSBRE97L0PZ20130822
“Will I be Next? US Drone Strikes In Pakistan”, Amnesty International (2018/10/26), https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/will-i-be-next-us-drone-strikes-in-pakistan/
“What are jus ad bellum and jus in bello? ,” International Committee of the Red Cross (2020/1/6), https://www.icrc.org/en/document/what-are-jus-ad-bellum-and-jus-bello-0
連結至畢業學校之論文網頁點我開啟連結
註: 此連結為研究生畢業學校所提供,不一定有電子全文可供下載,若連結有誤,請點選上方之〝勘誤回報〞功能,我們會盡快修正,謝謝!
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
無相關期刊