臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文探討在台灣25至59歲的雙薪家庭中，家務勞動和工作時間如何影響已婚和同居夫婦的福祉，並且是否存在性別差異。本文採用「華人家庭動態資料庫」2009年至2018年的7波問卷調查資料，使用五項自我評估的主觀滿意度—家庭滿意度、生活滿意度、工作滿意度、健康狀況及幸福感。結果顯示，對已婚女性而言，家務時間與其生活滿意度間存在顯著的負向關係；而對已婚男性而言，工作時間與其幸福感也存在顯著負向關係。在區分是否育有子女以及出生世代的樣本後，結果表明已婚育有子女的女性和年輕一代的已婚女性的生活滿意度與家務時間之間存在負向關係。

This study investigates how the gendered division of housework and working hours affect well-being of married and employed couples. Using five self-assessed subjective satisfactions―family satisfaction, life satisfaction, job satisfaction, health state, and happiness—in 7 waves of Panel Study of Family Dynamics between 2009 to 2018, the results show that the increase of housework hours has a negative effect on life satisfaction for wives, and the increase of working hours has a negative effect on happiness for husbands. Also, wives’ self-evaluated health is negatively associated with husbands’ housework hours. We further explore the heterogeneous effects across couples with and without children and across cohorts, the results suggest that life satisfaction is negatively associated with housework hours for wives with at least a child and for younger wives.

1. Introduction 1
2. Background 5
3. Data 7
4. Empirical Strategy 22
5. Results 23
5.1 Baseline Results 23
5.2 Heterogeneous Effects across With or Without Child 43
5.3 Heterogeneous Effect across Age Cohort 55
6. Conclusions 67
References 70
Appendix 73

于若蓉、陳婉琪 [Yu, Ruoh-Rong and Chen, Wan-Chi] (2020), Married Men's and Women's Happiness with Working Hours: Findings from the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics.
莫黎黎 [Mo, Li-Li]（1997）已婚男性家庭事務分工態度之研究。東吳社會工作學報，3: 117-56。
莫黎黎、王行 [Mo, Li-Li and Wang, Hsing]（1996）已婚男性的家庭價值觀及其對家庭的需求之探究。東吳社會工作學報，2: 57 -11 4。
蔡慈娟 [Tsai, Tzu-Chuan]（2019）性別角色、夫妻權力與家務分工 對家庭生活滿意度之影響。國立中正大學社會福利研究所碩士論文。
Abadie, A., Athey, S. Imbens G.W., Wooldridge, J. (2017), “When Should You Adjust Standard Errors for Clustering?, National Bureau of Economic Research.
Baltagi, B. (2008), “Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, John Wiley ＆ Sons.
Baxter, J. (1997), Gender Equality and Participation in Housework: A Cross-national Perspective. Journal of Comparative Family Studies: 220-247.
Baxter, J. and Western M. (1998), Satisfaction with Housework: Examining the Paradox. Sociology 32(1): 101-120.
Becker, G. S. (2009), “A Treatise on The Family. Harvard University Press.
Bellet, C., De Neve, J. E., and Ward G. (2019), Does Employee Happiness Have an Impact on Productivity? Saïd Business School WP 13.
Berger, E. M. (2013), Happy Working Mothers? Investigating the Effect of Maternal Employment on Life Satisfaction. Economica 80(317): 23-43.
Booth, A. L. and Van Ours J. C. (2008), Job Satisfaction and Family Happiness: The Part‐Time Work Puzzle. The Economic Journal 118(526): F77-F99.
Booth, A. L. and van Ours J. C. (2009), Hours of Work and Gender Identity: Does Part‐time Work Make The Family Happier? Economica 76(301): 176-196.
Böckerman, P., and Ilmakunnas, P. (2009), “Job Disamenities, Job Satisfaction, Quit Intentions, and Actual Separations: Putting the Pieces Together. Industrial Relations, Vol. 48, No. 1, 73-96.
Cameron, A. C. and D. L. Miller (2015), A Practitioner’s Guide to Cluster-robust Inference. Journal of Human Resources 50(2): 317-372.
Carlson, D. L., Miller A. J., and Rudd, S. (2020), Division of Housework, Communication, and Couples’ Relationship Satisfaction. Socius, Vol. 6, 1-17.
Clark, A., Georgellis Y., and Sanfey P. (1998), “Job Satisfaction, Wage Changes, and Quits: Evidence from Germany. Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 17, 95-121.
Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of Executive Yuan (2016), “Report on Women’s Marriage, Fertility and Employment.
Fassoulis, K. and Alexopoulos, N. (2015), The Workplace as a Factor of Job Satisfaction and Productivity. Journal of Facilities Management, Vol. 13, Issue 4, 332-349.
Freeman, R. B. (1978), “Job Satisfaction as an Economic Variable. The American
Economic Review, Vol. 68, No. 2, 135-141.
Greenstein, T. N. (1996), Gender Ideology and Perceptions of The Fairness of the Division of Household Labor: Effects on Marital Quality. Social Forces 74(3): 1029-1042.
Greenstein, T. N. (1996), Husbands' Participation in Domestic Labor: Interactive Effects of Wives' and Husbands' Gender Ideologies. Journal of Marriage and the Family: 585-595.
Greene, W. (2008), “Econometric Analysis, sixth ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Hakim, C. (1997), A Sociological Perspective on Part-Time Work., Oxford University Press, 22-70.
Kiger, G. and Riley P. J. (1996), Gender Differences in Perceptions of Household Labor. The Journal of Psychology 130(4): 357-370.
Koivumaa‐Honkanen, H., et al. (2001), Self‐reported Life Satisfaction and Recovery from Depression in a 1‐year Prospective Study., Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 103(1): 38-44.
OECD (2013), “OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being, OECD Publishing.
OECD (2016), “Society at A Glance 2016, OECD Publishing.
Oswald, A. J., Proto, E. and Sgroi, D. (2015), “Happiness and Productivity., Journal of Labor Economics, 33 (4), 789-822.
Rudolf, R. and Cho, S.-Y. (2011), “The Gender-Specific Effect of Working Hours on Family Happiness in South Korea, Courant Research Centre: Poverty., Equity and Growth-Discussion Papers.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2016), “Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach., Nelson Education.
Xu, X. and Lai, S.-C., (2004), “Gender Ideologies, Marital Roles and Marital Quality in Taiwan. Journal of Family Issues, 25(3), 318-355.