緒論：憂鬱症是一種持久而顯著的心境低落的情感障礙性疾病，它以情緒低落、興趣缺乏以及快感缺失為主要核心症狀，伴隨著焦慮、認知損害以及自殺觀念及行為等表現，還會出現食慾、睡眠等多個方面的生理功能紊亂，危害著個人、家庭和社會，是一個危害社會的問題。在緩解憂鬱症患者憂鬱情緒和認知功能方面，健身運動往往是一個效益好、經濟、方便的主要方法之一，尤其是健身運動太極拳，過去研究資料已經證實太極拳對人體身心健康都會產生良好的益處。為此，本研究旨在討論太極拳對憂鬱症患者憂鬱情緒及認知功能的影響，以為此相關議題提供參考依據。方法：本研究共招募 39 位憂鬱症患者，隨機分配的方式分實驗組 20 人 (實驗組練習太極拳)，分控制組為 19 人 (控制組不進行運動介入)，實驗組和控制組在介入前、一個半月、三個月後三個時間點進行身體適能 (肌力、心肺適能、爆發力、肌耐力、柔軟度)、憂鬱情緒 (BDI 情緒量表)、認知功能測試(叫色測試、倫敦塔測試、威斯康辛卡測試)。結果：在經過三個月太極拳練習的實驗組，其中身體適能之肌力、心肺適能及爆發力均優於控制組；在 BDI 憂鬱情緒方面，實驗組和控制組之間無顯著差異；執行功能作業方面，兩組之叫色測試的不一致性情景與倫敦塔的總正確數達顯著差異，其他專案無顯著差異。結論：該結果意味著太極拳能夠對憂鬱症患者的身體適能之肌力、心肺適能及爆發力有正面效益；太極拳對憂鬱情緒沒有達到顯著變化；太極拳對認知功能之叫色測試不一致性和倫敦塔總正確數有顯著變化，其中叫色測試不一致情景與抑制能力有關，倫敦塔總正確數與工作記憶有關，說明太極拳課程能夠改善工作記憶與抑制能力。本研究結果為憂鬱症患者身體適能、憂鬱情緒、認知功能相關議題提供參考依據，期望本研究可以為日後實務方案提供參考依據。

Introduction: Depression has become a serious social problem and is a persistent and significant emotional disorder disease that is characterized by low mood, absence of interest, and anhedonia, as its core symptoms, accompanied by anxiety, cognitive impairment, suicidal thoughts, and self-destructive behaviors. Adults with depression typically have a reduced appetite, may suffer from insomnia, and exhibit other aspects of physiological disorders, which could endanger individuals, families, and society. In terms of alleviating the effects of the negative emotions and improving the cognitive functions of adults with depression, exercise has been considered as one of the main approaches with good benefits, economic efficiency, and convenience, especially Taichi. Many studies have shown that Taichi has a noteworthy influence on physical and mental health. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of Taichi training on the emotions and cognitive functions of adults with depression. Methods: In this study, a total of 39 patients with depression were recruited and subsequently randomly assigned into an experimental Taichi practice group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 19) for three months. The respective groups’ physical fitness, depression indices, and cognitive performances were assessed during a pre-test, a 1.5-month test, and a post-test (i.e., three months after the cessation of the intervention). Physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, cardiopulmonary fitness, explosive power, muscle endurance, and flexibility), depression symptoms (on a BDI mood scale), and cognitive functions (i.e., the Tower of London test, the Stroop test, and the Wisconsin card test) were utilized in the assessment tests. Results: After three months of intervention, the results revealed significant positive effects in the muscle strength, cardiopulmonary fitness, and explosive power, when the experimental Taichi practicing group was compared to the control group. In terms of BDI depression, both groups showed significant improvements in the 1.5-month test and the post-test, while no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Regarding cognitive functions, the two groups showed significant differences on the incongruent condition of the Stroop test, and the total correct number of the Tower of London test. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that Taichi has beneficial effects on the physical fitness of adults with depression. However, Taichi has no significant influence on depressed emotions. The performance of the total correct number of the Tower of London and the incongruent condition of the Stroop test was significantly changed by Taichi, among which results the total correct number of the Tower of London test indexed the subjects’ working memory performances and the incongruent condition of the Stroop test was related to their inhibition abilities. The results indicated that Taichi could improve working memory and inhibition ability, while the other tests did not show significant effects. The results of this study provided references for the topic related to physical fitness, depression, and the cognitive functions of adults with depression.

目 錄


簽名頁.....................................................................................................................................I
中文摘要................................................................................................................................II
英文摘要..............................................................................................................................IV
致謝.......................................................................................................................................VI
目錄....................................................................................................................................VIII
圖目錄....................................................................................................................................X
表目錄...................................................................................................................................XI
第壹章 緒論....................................................................................................................1
第一節 研究背景...........................................................................................................1
第二節 研究目的...........................................................................................................5
第三節 研究範圍...........................................................................................................5
第四節 研究重要性.......................................................................................................6
第五節 名詞解釋...........................................................................................................6
第貳章 文獻探討..........................................................................................................8
第一節 憂鬱症概述.......................................................................................................8
第二節 認知功能概述.................................................................................................10
第三節 太極拳概述.....................................................................................................12
第四節 太極拳與憂鬱症文獻探討............................................................................18
第五節 太極拳與認知功能文獻探討.......................................................................19
第六節 其他運動對憂鬱症患者認知功能影響的相關文獻.................................21
第七節 本章小結.........................................................................................................22
第參章 研究方法........................................................................................................24
第一節 研究對象.........................................................................................................24
第二節 研究流程.........................................................................................................24
第三節 研究工具.........................................................................................................27
第四節 統計分析.........................................................................................................32
第肆章 結果..................................................................................................................33
第一節 參與者基本資料.............................................................................................33
第二節 身體適能統計結果........................................................................................35
第三節 BDI憂鬱情緒量表統計結果........................................................................43
第四節 認知功能作業統計結果................................................................................46
第伍章 討論.................................................................................................................53
第一節 身體適能統計結果討論...............................................................................53
第二節 BDI憂鬱情緒量表統計結果討論..............................................................55
第三節 認知功能作業統計結果討論......................................................................56
第四節 研究限制........................................................................................................62
第五節 結論.................................................................................................................63
第陸章 引用文獻.......................................................................................................64
第柒章 附件 
圖目錄


圖一 太極拳改變大腦認知的中介模型.........................................................................14
圖二 實驗流程....................................................................................................................26
圖三 身體適能之肌力表現比較......................................................................................38
圖四 身體適能之心肺適能比較......................................................................................39
圖五 身體適能之爆發力表現比較..................................................................................40
圖六 身體適能之肌耐力表現比較..................................................................................41
圖七 身體適能之柔軟度表現比較..................................................................................42
圖八 兩組別之前中後測BDI情緒表現圖.......................................................................45
圖九 兩組別之前中後測Stroop不一致情境表現圖......................................................51
圖十 兩組別之前中後測TOL正确数表現圖..................................................................52

 
表目錄

表一 太極拳課程練習內容...............................................................................................31
表二 實驗參與者之基本資料..........................................................................................34
表三 身體適能統計結果...................................................................................................37
表四 兩組別之前中後測BDI情緒表現...........................................................................44
表五 兩組別之前中後測執行功能作業表現.................................................................49

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