臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了滿足未來的高通訊流量需求，無線通訊系統朝向毫米波頻帶發展，獲取更寬的頻譜進行更大量的資料傳輸。然而，毫米波頻帶通道具有高衰減的特性，因而對收發機造成嚴重的性能衰退。因此，運用波束成形來提高傳輸能量，並減弱資料流間的干擾變得極為重要。儘管過去在微波頻段已有研究提出一些全數位與全類比的方式來完成波束成形。然而高耗能、高不穩定性的類比及射頻元件數量在傳統方法將會與天線數量有關，促使採取巨量天線以提高傳輸速率並克服嚴重的通道衰減的方法不可行。而有別於以往之研究方法，在此論文中基於混合波束成形的方法，針對現有的單一使用者多資料傳輸演算法，進行改良以符合實際應用情境，也針對多使用者多資料流傳輸的情境，提出演算法並透過模擬結果證實效能相較於現有的演算法佳。
除此之外，基於IEEE 802.11ay單一使用者傳輸多個資料流且採用3/4 LDPC通道編碼與π/2-16QAM/π/2-64QAM，其未解碼位元錯誤率於18.52dB/25.52dB達到3.067×〖10〗^(-3)的標準下，從系統層面進行整體效能分析以及混合式預編碼器與解碼器設計，以替未來系統開發作準備。
在硬體架構實作上，提出整體傳送端的控制器，並採用四倍平行的架構達到1.76GHz的碼片率以及支援兩條資料流傳輸，其傳輸速率可在π/2-16QAM/π/2-64QAM條件下達到14.08/21.12 Gb/s。此外，其面積相較於先前設計的兩套FFT/IFFT模組更只有2.1%/1.4%。

In order to meet the requirement of explosive communication traffic in the future, wireless communication system is to use the mmWave frequency band to have a larger bandwidth for high throughput transmission. However, the channels in the mmWave frequency band suffer from severe attenuation, which consequently seriously degrades the performance of transceiver system. Therefore, strengthening transmitted power and mitigating interference via beamforming technique become extremely important. Although existing fully digital and fully analog beamforming technique have been proposed in the microwave frequency band, the high power consumption and unstable analog front-end components and radio frequency (RF) modules make adopting massive antennas to increase transmission rate and overcome the severe channel attenuation infeasible. This is because the number of analog front-end components and RF modules are correlated with the number of antennas in the traditional method. Different from traditional beamforming methods, in this thesis, based on the hybrid beamforming technique, existing SU-MIMO algorithms are improved to conform to the actual application scenario. In addition, a MU-MIMO algorithm is also proposed to such that its performance is better than the existing algorithm.
Moreover, based on un-coded bit error rate (BER) 3.067×〖10〗^(-3) before SNR of 18.52dB and 25.52dB in π/2-16QAM and π/2-64QAM with 3/4 coding rate scenarios in IEEE 802.11ay, the whole system performance is analyzed and the hybrid precoder and combiner are designed from a system point of view to prepare for the future system development.
In the hardware implementation, overall TX controller which targets on 4-times parallelism to achieve 1.76 GHz chip rate and supports transmission of two data streams is proposed. The data rate is increased to 14.08/21.12 Gb/s under π/2-16QAM/π/2-64QAM. In addition, the area of proposed overall TX controller is only 2.1%/1.4% of two sets of FFT/IFFT which are designed previously.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Motivation 1
1.1 Introduction to mmWave Wireless Communication 1
1.2 Introduction to Beamforming 3
1.3 Motivation and Goals 5
1.4 Thesis Organization 7
Chapter 2 Overview of IEEE 802.11ay Standard 8
2.1 IEEE 802.11ay Standard 8
2.1.1 Basic Specifications 8
2.1.2 PHY Frame Structure 11
2.1.3 Channe Bonding and Channel Aggregation 16
2.2 Modified SC Frame Structure 17
2.3 IEEE 802.11ay Beamforming Specification 19
2.4 Summary 21
Chapter 3 Overview of SU/MU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm 22
3.1 SU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm 22
3.1.1 System Model 22
3.1.2 Channel Model 24
3.1.3 Spectrum Efficiency 25
3.1.4 Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) 27
3.1.5 Orthogonal based Matching Pursuit (OBMP) 30
3.1.6 Proposed SU-MIMO Algorithm 32
3.2 MU-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm 33
3.2.1 System Model 33
3.2.2 Channel Model 35
3.2.3 Spectrum Efficiency 35
3.2.4 Two-Stage Algorithm 36
3.2.5 Iterative Algorithm 40
3.2.6 Proposed MU-MIMO Algorithm 42
3.3 Performance Simulations and Comparisons of MU-MIMO 44
3.3.1 Simulation Results of Single Data Stream Transmission 44
3.3.2 Simulation of Multi-Stream Transmission 48
3.4 Summary 52
Chapter 4 Hybrid Precoder and Combiner Design of SU-MIMO for 802.11ay SC System 53
4.1 Simulation Model 53
4.1.1 Phase Shifter with Finite Resolution 53
4.1.2 Channel Model 54
4.1.3 Block Diagram of Precoder and Combiner 55
4.2 Analog Precoder and Combiner Design 57
4.2.1 Golay-Sequence Aided Beam Selection Method 57
4.2.2 Optimized Golay Correlator 61
4.3 Digital Precoder and Combiner Design 61
4.3.1 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 62
4.3.2 Zero Forcing (ZF) 63
4.3.3 Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) 63
4.4 Hybrid Precoder and Combiner System Flow 64
4.5 Simulation Results 65
4.5.1 Simulation Results under Different Conditions 65
4.5.2 Extension to 64-QAM 68
4.6 Summary 69
Chapter 5 Architecture and Implementation of 802.11ay TX Controller 71
5.1 Proposed TX Controller Architectures 71
5.2 RTL Synthesis Result 79
5.3 Summary 80
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work 81
Appendix A MMSE Derivation 83
Reference 86

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