臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著石油能源的減少，發電技術與電池技術的增加，再加上各國政策的影響與推動，電動車產業的興起已漸漸到來，而在電動車動力推進上最重要的不外乎電池、驅動電路和馬達，其中影響電動車性能最直接的就是在馬達這一部份，馬達與一般的內燃機引擎相較之下馬達的功率重量比大於內燃機引擎並且效率也遠遠大於汽油引擎，所以電動車在節能上可靠著馬達獲得不少的貢獻。在各種馬達中，又以永磁馬達為當今熱門的馬達種類，其中無刷直流馬達(BLDC)因為其高效高功率密度低成本上在馬達中被大量的使用，而判斷一個馬達效能的標準通常以馬達的輸入電壓電流及輸出轉速轉矩特性曲線做為評量，但要量測轉速轉矩需要從電源到控制器、驅動器、馬達與動力測試平台等完整的迴路，除了設備還要加上繁複的測試手段才能獲取所要的數據，若能透過解析解以氣隙磁力密度與馬達尺寸等直接透過簡化的數學模型來做分析則可以快速知道馬達的性能好壞與預估是否符合規格需求，若要設計控制策略更可以先對模型做模擬來判斷控制法則是否適合。本研究計畫從磁鐵產生的磁場造成的氣隙磁力密度加上設定的馬達尺寸後，在結合繞組電阻與漏感計算電流並估算其產生的轉矩與損耗，並利用ANSYS RMxprt分析後與解析解比較，驗證解析解的計算。

In recent years, with the decrease of petroleum energy, the increase of power generation technology and battery technology, coupled with the influence and promotion of national policies, the rise of the electric vehicle industry has gradually come, and the most important thing in the promotion of electric vehicle power is battery. , Drive circuit and motor, among which the most direct impact on the performance of electric vehicles is in the motor part. Compared with the general internal combustion engine, the power-to-weight ratio of the motor is greater than the internal combustion engine and the efficiency is far greater than the gasoline engine, so Electric vehicles have made a lot of contributions in terms of energy saving and reliable motors. Among various motors, permanent magnet motors are the most popular types of motors today. Among them, brushless DC motors (BLDC) are widely used in motors because of their high efficiency, high power density, and low cost. The standard for judging the performance of a motor is usually The input voltage, current, and output speed torque characteristics of the motor are used for evaluation. However, to measure the speed torque, a complete circuit from the power supply to the controller, driver, motor, and power test platform is required. Extensive testing methods can obtain the required data. If you can analyze the air gap magnetic force density and motor size directly through a simplified mathematical model through analytical solutions, you can quickly know whether the performance of the motor is good or bad, and whether it is estimated to meet the specifications. If you want to design a control strategy, you can first simulate the model to determine whether the control law is suitable. In this research plan, the air gap magnetic force density caused by the magnetic field generated by the magnet is added to the set motor size, the current is calculated by combining the winding resistance and leakage inductance, and the torque and loss generated are estimated. The analysis and analysis are performed using ANSYS RMxprt Solution comparison, verify calculation of analytical solution.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 相關理論與介紹 4
2.1 馬達概論與馬達參數定義 4
2.1.1 馬達呎吋參數中英文對照 5
2.1.2 馬達名詞中英文對照 7
2.1.3 極座標下的Laplace eqution 8
2.2 永磁直流無刷馬達的組成與運作原理 10
2.3 BLDC驅動的動態特性 16
2.3.1 簡介 16
2.3.2 模型特色 16
2.3.3 系統模型及其對稱性 16
2.4 ANSYS RMxprt分析軟體 22
2.5 控制ANSYS RMxprt之腳本 23
2.6 研究架構 31
第三章 理論推導 34
3.1 無開槽時之磁鐵在氣隙產生的磁場分佈分析 34
3.2 繞組電流在氣隙產生的磁場 45
3.2.1 單根導線的磁場 45
3.2.2 線圈產生的磁場 47
3.2.3 氣隙長度的影響 52
3.2.4 三相電樞反應的勵磁繞組 53
3.3 BLDC反電動勢 55
3.4 BLDC繞組電流數學模型 57
3.4.1 反電動勢和換向 57
3.4.2 驅動電路 61
3.4.3 電壓方程式 62
3.4.4 計算電流 65
3.4.5 飛輪二集體導通時間 68
3.4.6 其餘角度電壓方程式 69
3.5 馬達加載時的氣隙磁場 76
3.5.1 開路磁場和繞組磁場及相對磁導率之間的空間和時間關係 76
3.5.2 瞬間磁場分佈 80
第四章 解析解模擬與Ansys RMxprt驗證 82
4.1 程式架構 82
4.2 分析過程 86
4.3 解析解計算結果與軟體模擬結果比對 95
第五章 結論 98
5.1 結果與討論 98
5.2 未來展望 98
參考資料 99

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