臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光學透鏡可藉由高分子材料以射出成型的方式來生產。然而，不定形狀態的高分子材料在成型時，材料內部會受到溫度與壓力變化可能形成直徑數十奈米以下的短距離有序結構。此種結構除了會對密度分佈造成不均勻之外，也可能產生光散射而影響光學成像品質。
本研究目的為探討短距離有序結構是否對成型透鏡造成影響，尤其是在可見光源下，對於透鏡各位置的光散射變化以及密度分佈的狀況。
本研究使用不定形高分子材料PMMA以射出成型生產平凸透鏡，並利用靜態可見光散射模組進行成型透鏡光散射特性的檢測，然後藉由密度分析儀量測透鏡相應部位的密度，以綜合分析成型透鏡的光散射特性與密度分佈之間的關係。
研究結果顯示，於空氣中與蔗糖水溶液的散射光量測均顯示高模溫成型透鏡的散射光強度高於低模溫成型透鏡者。若使用與透鏡相同折射率的蔗糖水溶液作為散射光量測介質，其能有效排除透鏡表面粗糙度與曲率對於散射光量測的影響。高低模溫成型透鏡於折射率液中的散射光強度與同一成型參數所成型透鏡的密度是呈現高度正相關。透鏡外圍處的散射光強度與密度均呈現較高，愈往中心處，此兩種物理參數值均有下降趨勢。
本研究藉由靜態光散射的方式，探討PMMA成型透鏡於可見光源下的光散射變化，同時分析其與透鏡密度分佈的關係，對於其他塑膠材料，本研究可作為材料成型後內部性質的檢測方法之參考。

Optical lenses can be produced by injection molding of polymer materials. However, when forming an amorphous polymer material, the inside of the material will be subjected to temperature and pressure changes, which may form a short-range ordered structure with a diameter of less than tens of nanometers. In addition to causing uneven density distribution, this structure may also cause light scattering and affect optical imaging quality.
The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the short-distance ordered structure affects the molded lens, especially under the visible light source, the light scattering changes and the density distribution of each position of the lens.
In this study, an amorphous polymer material PMMA was used to produce plano-convex lenses by injection molding, and a static visible light scattering module was used to detect the light scattering characteristics of the molded lens, and then the density of the corresponding part of the lens was measured by a density analyzer. To comprehensively analyze the relationship between the light scattering characteristics of the molded lens and the density distribution.
The results of the study show that the measurement of scattered light in the air and the sucrose aqueous solution shows that the intensity of scattered light of the high-mold-temperature molded lens is higher than that of the low-mold-temperature molded lens. If the sucrose aqueous solution with the same refractive index as the lens is used as the scattered light measurement medium, it can effectively eliminate the influence of the lens surface roughness and curvature on the scattered light measurement. The intensity of scattered light in the refractive index liquid of the high and low mold temperature molded lenses is highly positively correlated with the density of the lenses molded with the same molding parameters; while the density and intensity of the scattered light at the periphery of the lens are both high, but toward the center, both of these physical parameters have a downward trend.
The study uses static light scattering to explore the light scattering changes of PMMA molded lens under visible light source, and analyzes its relationship with lens density distribution. For other plastic materials, this study can be used as a method to detect the internal properties of materials after molding.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
一、 序論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 2
1.4 研究方法 9
二、 基礎理論 10
2.1 高分子材料的組成與分類 10
2.2 高分子材料的光學性質 12
2.3 短距離結構的形成及其對高分子材料的光學性質之影響 25
2.4 靜態光散射原理 28
2.5 光譜儀原理 30
2.6 密度儀原理 31
2.7 透鏡原理 32
三、 射出成型透鏡的可見光散射特性與密度分佈的檢測實驗 34
3.1 實驗目的 34
3.2 實驗材料 34
3.3 實驗方法與架構 35
3.4 量測與校正方法 37
3.4.1 光譜量測 37
3.4.2 靜態可見光散射量測 37
3.4.3 透鏡切割 46
3.4.4 密度量測 48
3.5 實驗設備 49
3.5.1 射出成型 49
3.5.2 光譜儀 50
3.5.3 靜態可見光散射模組 50
3.5.4 雷射光束檢測 54
3.5.5 折射率液配製 55
3.5.6 切割刀具 57
3.5.7 密度儀 57
四、 射出成型透鏡的可見光散射特性與密度分佈的結果與討論 58
4.1 成型參數與結果 58
4.2 成型透鏡的光譜分析 59
4.3 成型透鏡的散射光強度量測結果 61
4.3.1 透鏡於空氣中散射光強度量測結果 61
4.3.2 透鏡於折射率液中校準之散射光強度量測結果 69
4.4 成型透鏡的密度分佈量測結果 79
4.5 成型透鏡的光散射與其密度分佈之關係 81
五、 結論與建議 84
5.1 結論 84
5.2 建議與改進 85
參考文獻 86
附錄一、折射率液治具設計圖 91
附錄二、透鏡的折射率 93
附錄三、透鏡的散射光強度 96
附錄四、透鏡的密度 104

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