臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來在健身風氣的引領下，相關議題的探討已被社會與學術界廣泛重視。本研究探討健身房中運動的人，意識到旁人存在的情況下，運動行為是否因此受到影響，並探討其中運動行為改變的因素。有別於獨自一人運動時的行為表現，在意識到旁人存在的情況下，基於需求理論與炫耀假說，可能產生渴望得到他人認可之需求、或為了展現自我而產生炫耀的行為表現，使健身者表現出更積極、更專注於訓練的行為，或嘗試舉起更重的重量來引起對方注意。運動行為的改變可歸咎於社會助長，此理論認為一個人在有旁觀者注視下的行無表現會優於獨自一人時的行為表現。有別於過往社會助長相關研究大多採用實驗法進行研究，本研究採用問卷調查法進行研究。本研究應用「運動激勵量表」及「運動員涉入量表」探索健身房使用者的運動激勵與運動涉入之連結；接著探討社會助長效果對於健身房使用者的運動激勵與運動涉入之影響，為此本研究基於研究目的及文獻探討建構「健身房社會助長效果量表」，試圖驗證運動行為是否因意識到他人存在而改變，尋覓並分析其中原因與理論之連繫。
本研究以便利取樣方式進行調查，研究對象為網路上具健身運動習慣者及南部大專院校為主的球隊、校隊、體育課、體育相關科系的大學生進行問卷發放，共回收267份有效問卷。運用SPSS 22與AMOS 20統計軟體，進行獨立樣本T檢定分析、單因子變異數分析、驗證性因素分析、相關分析以及迴歸分析。研究結果發現，社會助長效果會部分干擾健身房使用者的運動激勵（動機）與運動涉入（投入）間之關係，而健身房使用者投入健身運動的主要原因為自身的內在激勵。研究結果如下：
一、健身房使用者的運動激勵對運動涉入呈現正向影響。
二、健身房使用者的社會助長對運動涉入呈現正向影響。
三、社會助長對健身房使用者的運動激勵與運動涉入之間具有部分干擾效果。

The trend of fitness has grown rapidly in recent years and related topics have been widely discussed by society and academia. Whether the presence of others can differ behavioral responses in gym environment and how performances is influenced by the others remain unknown. On the opposite of workout alone, based on Hierarchy of Needs and Showing Off hypothesis, assurance from others or tendency to show-off may occur when aware of others existence, thus may lead to more focus or added weight on training in order to draw attention from others. The change in behavior can be attributed to Social Facilitation, better performances occur in the presence of others versus alone. Unlike previous studies on social facilitation, which most researches used experimental methods, this study conducted with questionnaire survey methods. To understand the effects of social facilitation in gym environment, this study investigated the relationship between sport motivation and sport engagement for whom involved in gym environment, examined social facilitation effects between sport motivation and sport engagement in succession. By utilizing Sport Motivation Scale-6 and Athlete Engagement Questionnaire, this study attempted to figure out the connection between sport motivation and sport engagement for whom involved in gym environment. By developing Social Facilitation Scale in Gym Environment based on previous studies, the study were able to investigated social facilitation in gym environment, as well as the linked between sport motivation and sport engagement.
This study conveniently sampled from fitness enthusiast and undergraduates in the southern part of Taiwan. A total of 267 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 20. Independent t-test analysis, one-way analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted. The study results found out the relationship between sport motivation and sport engagement partially moderated by social facilitation, and the main impact for gym users to engage in fitness was their own intrinsic motivation. The findings are summarized as the following.
1. Gym users’ sport motivation positively affects sport engagement.
2. Gym users’ social facilitation positively affects sport engagement.
3. Gym users’ social facilitation partially moderated the relationship between sport motivation and sport engagement.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 研究流程 5
第貳章 文獻探討 6
第一節 社會助長（Social Facilitation） 6
第二節 運動激勵（Sport Motivation） 17
第三節 運動涉入（Sport Engagement） 25
第四節 研究變項間的關係 27
第參章 研究方法 29
第一節 研究架構 29
第二節 研究假說 31
第三節 研究變項操作性定義 36
第四節 研究對象及資料收集方法 37
第五節 問卷設計 38
第六節 分析工具與方法 45
第肆章 研究結果分析 46
第一節 敘述性統計 46
第二節 信度和效度分析 50
第三節 獨立T檢定 55
第四節 單因子變異數分析 63
第五節 相關分析 87
第六節 迴歸分析 91
第伍章 結論與建議 109
第一節 研究結果與結論 109
第二節 對實務上之建議 117
第三節 研究貢獻、後續研究建議與研究限制 119
參考資料 121
附錄一：研究問卷 126
附錄二：健身房實地觀察紀錄表 131
附錄三：問卷量表（中英對照） 135

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