臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

顆粒材料的分離行為一直以來都是工業中很常見的物理現象，以往許多研究都是針對球形顆粒，但在現實中上我們時常使用非球形顆粒做為材料，例如:稻米、藥丸、塑膠射出顆粒…等，故本實驗使用類二維旋轉鼓作為實驗設備，並以實驗方法利用紅豆(長軸8.5、短軸5.5毫米)與不同尺寸(3、4、5、6毫米)的球形聚甲醛顆粒(POM)混合，探討非球形顆粒形狀效應對分離現象與動態特性的影響。本實驗使用高速攝影機來拍攝顆粒運動情形，經由粒子追蹤測速法與影像處理技術來量測得到粒子的平均速度、平均擾動速度、平均粒子溫度、動態安息角與最終分離強度。實驗結果顯示因為紅豆為非球形橢圓顆粒體，所以紅豆的安息角特別大、流動性也比同尺寸球形顆粒差的多，當紅豆與3、4、5毫米聚甲醛顆粒混合時，混合結果遵循尺寸分離效應小顆粒在內、大顆粒在外，但當紅豆與6毫米聚甲醛顆粒混合時，聚甲醛顆粒在長軸尺寸並未超越紅豆時卻發生了逆向分離的情況，此結果表明非球形顆粒因為形狀效應、動態特性、安息角等影響了顆粒的分離結果。因本實驗所使用之紅豆密度與聚甲醛顆粒密度相當，故可以忽略密度效應帶來的影響。

Mixing and segregating process of granular materials has always been a very common physical phenomenon in many industries. Many previous studies have been investigated granular segregation with spherical particles. However, the non-spherical particles are usually found in nature and in industries, such as the pill, plastic particles, rice, metal powder, etc). In this study, we experimentally investigated the long axis ratio and rotating speeds on the shape-induced granular segregation behavior and dynamic properties in a rotating drum. The motions of the granular materials were recorded by using a high-speed camera. Image-processing method and the particle-tracking technology were employed to measure the average velocity, fluctuation velocity, granular temperature, and dynamic angle of repose and the intensity of segregation. The experimental results observe that non-spherical particles have a larger dynamic repose angle and poor fluidized ability. When red beans are mixed with 3, 4, and 5 mm (LAR=0.35, 0.47, 0.58) POM particles, the core segregation pattern is found with spherical POM beads formed the core. However, when red beans were mixed with 6mm (LAR=0.70) POM particles, the reversed segregation occurred with non-spherical particles formed the core. The relation between the dynamic repose angle and shape-induced segregation behavior was discussed in this study.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致 謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
符號說明 ix
一、 前言 1
1.1 顆粒材料 1
1.2 顆粒流 1
1.3 旋轉鼓的介紹與應用 2
1.4 旋轉鼓中顆粒的流態行為 3
1.5 顆粒材料的分離現象 4
1.6 安息角 7
1.7 非球形顆粒形狀效應對顆粒材料流動性質之影響 8
1.8 非球形顆粒形狀效應對分離機制之影響 11
1.9 研究動機 14
二、 實驗設備與實驗方法 16
2.1 實驗設備配置 16
2.2 精密旋轉鼓系統 16
2.3 影像攝影儀器 17
2.4 顆粒材料 18
2.5 相關輔助設備 18
2.6 其他設備設備 19
2.7 實驗方法 20
三、 實驗原理與實驗參數 24
3.1 實驗參數原理 24
3.2 影像處理分析原理 25
3.3 顆粒動態特性 27
3.4 顆粒材料分離強度 28
3.5 實驗參數 29
四、 結果與討論 30
4.1 不同長軸比下顆粒形狀效應與轉速對分離強度之影響 30
4.2 不同長軸比下顆粒形狀效應與轉速對動態特性之影響 32
4.3 不同長軸比與轉速的單顆粒動態安息角 33
4.4 不同長軸比顆粒混合後形狀效應與轉速對動態安息角的影響 34
五、 結論 35
參考文獻 36
個人簡歷 79

 
表目錄
表1- 1. 顆粒流動型態 41
表3- 1. 實驗參數表 42
 
圖目錄
圖1-1工業用混合裝置:(A)藥丸裝填機(B)水泥車滾筒 43
圖1-2 研究顆粒流之設備(A)剪力槽(B)震動床 44
圖1-3 旋轉鼓設備(A)V形旋轉鼓(B)筒形旋轉鼓 45
圖1-4 二維精密旋轉鼓圖 46
圖1-5 旋轉鼓流動示意圖 46
圖1-6 旋轉鼓尺寸效應示意圖 47
圖1-7 旋轉鼓密度效應示意圖 47
圖2-1. 實驗設備擺設配置示意圖 48
圖2-2. 旋轉鼓裝載容器示意圖 48
圖2-3. 高速攝影機 49
圖2-4. 高解析度數位攝影機 50
圖2-5. 高光源LED投射燈 51
圖2-6. POM圓形顆粒與橢圓形紅豆顆粒尺寸示意圖 52
圖2-7. 數位式電子秤 PRECISA XS 6250D-SCS 52
圖2-8.水平儀 53
圖2-9. 光學顯微鏡(OPTICAL MICROSCOPE) 53
圖2-10. 各種尺寸篩網 54
圖2-11. 防潮箱 55
圖2-12. (A)玻璃撥水劑(B)玻璃清潔液 55
圖2-13. 烤箱 56
圖2-14. 除塵機 56
圖2-15. 溫濕度計 57
圖2-16. 實驗流程圖 58
圖3- 1. 影像處理流程圖 59
圖3-2. (A)初始圖片；(B)粒子追蹤測速法抓點程序；(C)顆粒流場動態分析 60
圖3-3. 粒子追蹤技術示意圖 (A) 顆粒於第一點位置；(B) 顆粒在經過T秒後位置 61
圖3-4. 顆粒初使配置圖 62
圖4-1. 2RPM下不同長軸比隨時間變化分離情況圖 63
圖4-1. 2RPM下不同長軸比顆粒隨時間變化分離強度圖 64
圖4-1. 2RPM下非球形顆粒體與3 毫米 POM球形顆粒OVERMIXING 示意圖 65
圖4-1. 3RPM下LAR=0.35、0.47、0.58、0.70隨時間變化分離情況圖 66
圖4-1. 4RPM下LAR=0.35、0.47、0.58、0.70隨時間變化分離情況圖 67
圖4-1. 3RPM下不同長軸比顆粒隨時間變化分離強度圖 68
圖4-1. 4RPM下不同長軸比顆粒隨時間變化分離強度圖 69
圖4-1.不同長軸比顆粒在不同轉速下最終穩態分離強度圖 70
圖4-1. 不同長軸比與轉速對顆粒平均速度之影響 71
圖4-1. 不同長軸比與轉速對顆粒平均擾動度之影響 72
圖4-1. 不同長軸比與轉速對顆粒平均粒子度之影響 73
圖4-1. 動態安息角示意圖 74
圖4-1. 利用PICPICK量測軟體量測動態安息角示意圖 75
圖4-1. 單種顆粒在不同轉速下動態安息角 76
圖4-1. 同長軸比顆粒混合後形狀效應與轉速對動態安息角 77
圖4-1.兩種顆粒混和後互鎖現象示意圖 78

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