臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　目的：探討八週不穩定表面訓練對青少年田徑選手動靜態平衡能力與衝刺表現之影響。
　　方法：本實驗招收16名年齡為14.61 ± 0.44歲之青少年田徑選手，每組各8名，每組男生3名、女生5名，透過拉力計、測力板、分段計時器擷取八週不穩定表面訓練前後的核心肌群能力、靜態平衡能力、動態平衡能力及衝刺表現之數據，比較不穩定表面訓練與田徑專項訓練的影響。本研究使用混合設計二因子變異數進行統計分析，顯著水準定為α＝.05。
　　結果：經八週不穩定表面訓練後，發現實驗組動態平衡的位移速度、位移面積與靜態平衡之閉眼單足站立位移速度優於控制組，顯示本研究之不穩表面訓練可有效提升動靜態平衡能力；在核心肌群能力及衝刺表現方面，則無顯著差異。
　　結論：本研究之不穩定表面訓練，可有效提升動靜態平衡能力，但對核心肌群能力與衝刺表現沒有影響。

　　Purpose: To investigate the effect of eight weeks of unstable surface training on the ability of dynamic and static balance and sprint performance in young track and field athletes.
　　Methods: This experiment enrolled 16 young track and field athletes aged 14.61 ± 0.44 years, 8 in each group (3 men, 5 women). Using the piezoelectric force sensor, force plate, freelap timing system to collect the pretest and pottest of eight weeks of unstable surface training in muscle ability, static balance ability, dynamic balance ability and sprint performance datas and the influence to track and field training. Two factor mixed design (two-way ANOVA) was used to analyze, the significant level was set at α = .05.
　　Results: After eight weeks in unstable surface training, it was found that the dynamic balance of the experimental group's COP displacement speed, COP displacement area and static balance of closed-eye single-foot standing COP displacement speed were better than the control, which showed that the unstable surface training in this study could effectively improve the dynamic and static balance ability; In terms of core muscle ability and sprint performance, it did not reach significant differences.
　　Conclusion: The unstable surface training in this study can effectively improve the dynamic and static balance ability, but there is no significant difference between the core muscle ability and the sprint performance.

謝誌　I
中文摘要　II
ABSTRACT　III
目錄　IV
表次　VI
圖次　VII
附錄目次　VIII

第壹章　緒論　1
　第一節　研究背景與動機　1
　第二節　研究目的　3
　第三節　研究假設　3
　第四節　研究範圍與限制　3
　第五節　名詞操作型定義　4
第貳章　文獻探討　7
　第一節　探討平衡能力的重要性　7
　第二節　探討平衡能力之優劣　8
　第三節　不穩定表面訓練之方法　12
　第四節　小結　13
第參章　研究方法與步驟　15
　第一節　研究架構　15
　第二節　研究對象　17
　第三節　實驗時間與地點　18
　第四節　實驗設計　19
　第五節　研究步驟與流程　28
　第六節　資料處理與統計分析　31
第肆章　結果與討論　32
　第一節　核心肌群能力表現　32
　第二節　靜態平衡能力表現　37
　第三節　動態平衡能力表現　47
　第四節　衝刺表現　53
　第五節　討論　54
第伍章　結論與建議　58
　第一節　結論　58
　第二節　建議　58
參考文獻　60
　中文部分　60
　外文部分　62
附錄　68

中文部分
王佩凡、林晉利(2007)。全面及多功能創新訓練器材之介紹-BOSU。國際運動生理與體能領域學術研討會發表之論文，2007/5，121-121。
江勁政、相子元(2000)。大專柔道選手與一般生平衡能力之比較。大專體育，47， 39-44。
邱文信(2002)。平衡機制與年齡關係之探討。大專體育，58，101-107。
邱俊傑(2004)。彼拉提斯與核心復健運動。台北市：原水文化。
邱俊傑(2004)。慢性下背痛治療新觀念，核心復健運動。臺北市醫師公會會刊，48(2)，54-9。
范姜逸敏(2001)。平衡能力的測量及訓練方法初探。中華體育季刊，15(2)，65-72。
盛世慧(2009)。核心肌力在籃球跳投穩定度訓練上之應用。學校體育，19(5)，100-107。
許世昌(1992)。最新實用解剖生理學。台北市：永大書局。
陳九州(2019)。男子運動選手核心穩定姓、運動表現和身體淨組織重量之相關性。運動研究，28(2)，89-107。
黃任楷(2003)。不同運動訓練對學童平衡能力的影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立體育學院，桃園市。
黃漢年、周文修、歐正聰、陳秀華、林新龍、賈叢林(2019)。人體站姿平衡與互動遊戲系統整合關係之研究。運動與遊憩研究，14(1)，17-27。
葉益銘、黃士魁、林正仰(2009)。六週抗力球訓練對棒球選手核心肌群與專項運動能力之影響。運動教練科學，16，15-28。
外文部分
Adam C. Knight, Megan E. Holmes, Harish Chander, Amari Kimble & Joshua Ty Stewart (2016). Assessment of balance among adolescent track and field athletes. Sports Biomechanics. DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2016.1159324
Akhbari, B., Takamjani, I. E., Salavati, M., & Sanjari, M. A. (2007). A 4-week biodex stability exercise program improved ankle musculature onset, peak latency and balance measures in functionally unstable ankles. Physical Therapy in Sport, 8(3), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.03.004
Ambegaonkar, J. P., Mettinger, L. M., Caswell, S. V., Burtt, A., & Cortes, N. (2014). Relationships between core endurance, hip strength, and balance in collegiate female athletes. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(5), 604-616.
Andersen, V., Fimland, M., Brennset, Ø., Haslestad, L., Lundteigen, M., Skalleberg, K., & Saeterbakken, A. (2014). Muscle Activation and Strength in Squat and Bulgarian Squat on Stable and Unstable Surface. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(14), 1196–1202. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1382016
Bruhn, S., Kullmann, N., & Gollhofer, A. (2004). The effects of a sensorimotor training and a strength training on postural stabilisation, maximum isometric contraction and jump performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(01), 56-60. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-45228
Carter, J. M., Beam, W. C., McMahan, S. G., Barr, M. L., & Brown, L. E. (2006). The effects of stability ball training on spinal stability in sedentary individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(2), 429-435.
Cho, M. (2015). The effects of bridge exercise with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on an unstable surface on the abdominal muscle thickness of healthy adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(1), 255–257.
Clark, B. C., Manini, T. M., & Ploutz-Snyder, L. L. (2003). Derecruitment of the lumbar musculature with fatiguing trunk extension exercise. Spine, 28(3), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000042227.06526.A2
Coughlan, G., & Caulfield, B. (2007).A 4-week neuromuscular training program and gait patterns at the ankle joint. Journal of Athletic training, 42(1), 51.
Cressey, E. M., West, C. A., Tiberio, D. P., Kraemer, W. J., & Maresh, C. M. (2007). The effects of ten weeks of lower-body unstable surface training on markers of athletic performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 561. doi: 10.1519/R-19845.1
Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2002). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Serna, J., Rhea, M. R., & Marín, P. J. (2015). Relationships between functional movement tests and performance tests in young elite male basketball players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(5), 628-638.
Harish Chander, Christopher J. MacDonald, Nicole C. Dabbs, Charles R. Allen, Hugh S. Lamont and John C. Garner. Balance Performance in Female Collegiate Athletes. Journal of Sports Science, 2 ,13-20.
Holden, S., Boreham, C., Doherty, C., Wang, D., & Delahunt, E. (2014) Dynamic postural stability in young adolescent male and female athletes. Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association, 26(4), 447–452.
Hwang, H., Kim, J., & Choi, B. (2017). Comparison of the effects of visual feedback training and unstable surface training on static and dynamic balance in patients with stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 29(10), 1720–1722. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1720
Jung, K.-S., Cho, H.-Y., & In, T.-S. (2016). Trunk exercises performed on an unstable surface improve trunk muscle activation, postural control, and gait speed in patients with stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(3), 940–944. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.940
Kim, M.-H., & Oh, J.-S. (2015). Effects of performing an abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during curl-up exercise on an unstable surface. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 27(2), 501–503. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.501
Lago-Fuentes, C., Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., de Rellán-Guerra, A. S., Fragueiro-Rodríguez, A., & García-Núñez, J. (2018). Effects of core strength training using stable and unstable surfaces on physical fitness and functional performance in professional female futsal players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 65(1), 213-224. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0029
Lago-Fuentes, C., Rey, E., Padrón-Cabo, A., de Rellán-Guerra, A. S., Fragueiro-Rodríguez, A., & García-Núñez, J. (2018). Effects of core strength training using stable and unstable surfaces on physical fitness and functional performance in professional female futsal players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 65(1), 213-224.
Lee, A. J., & Lin, W. H. (2008). Twelve-week biomechanical ankle platform system training on postural stability and ankle proprioception in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. Clinical Biomechanics, 23(8), 1065-1072. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.04.013
Lee, H. K., Lee, J. C., & Geun-Ho, S. (2014). The effects of rhythmic sensorimotor training in unstable surface on balance ability of elderly women. Journal of Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 9(2), 181-191.
Malliou, P., Gioftsidou, A., Pafis, G., Beneka, A., & Godolias, G. (2004). Proprioceptive training (balance exercises) reduces lower extremity injuries in young soccer players. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 17(3-4), 101-104. doi: 10.3233/BMR-2004-173-403
Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Brent, J. L., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 345-353. doi:10.1519/R-17955.1
Oliver, G. D., & Di Brezzo, R. (2009). Functional balance training in collegiate women athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(7), 2124-2129. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3dd9e
Ozmen, T. (2016). Relationship between core stability, dynamic balance and jumping performance in soccer players. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 110-113. doi:10.15314/tjse.93545
Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Johnson, C. R., Chaddock, L., Voss, M. W., Cohen, N. J., & Hillman, C. H. (2011). Cardiorespiratory fitness and the flexible modulation of cognitive control in preadolescent children. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(6), 1332-1345. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2010.21528
Ricotti, Leonardo (2011). Static and dynamic balance in young athletes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 6(4), 616-628.
Ruiz, R., & Richardson, M. T. (2005). Functional balance training using a domed device. National Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(1), 50-55.
Salminen,J.J., & Oksanen,A. (1992). Spinal mobility and trunk muscle strength in 15-year-old schoolchildren with and without low-back pain. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 17(4), 405-411. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199204000-00005.
Schilling, B. K., Falvo, M. J., Karlage, R. E., Weiss, L. W., Lohnes, C. A., & Chiu, L. Z. (2009). Effects of unstable surface training on measures of balance in older adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research,23(4), 1211-1216. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181918a83
Sierra-Guzmán, R., Jiménez, J., Ramírez, C., Esteban, P., & Abián-Vicén, J. (2017). Effects of Synchronous Whole Body Vibration Training on a Soft, Unstable Surface in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38(06), 447–455. doi:10.1055/s-0043-102571
Sparling, P.B.,Millard-Stafford,M & Snow,T. K.(1997). Development of a Cadence Curl-Up Test for College Students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 68(4), 309-316. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1997.10608012
Steckey, P. (2004). Progressive Uses of the BOSUTM Balance Trainer. International Journal of Athelic Therapy and training, 9(1), 60-61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/att.9.1.60
Thompson, C. J., Cobb, K. M., & Blackwell, J. (2007). Functional training improves club head speed and functional fitness in older golfers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(1), 131-137. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200702000-00024
Weck, D. S. (2002). U.S. Patent No. 6,422,983. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Whyte, E., Burke, A., White, E., & Moran, K. (2015). A high-intensity, intermittent exercise protocol and dynamic postural control in men and women. Journal of athletic training, 50(4), 392–399.
Yaggie, J. A., & Campbell, B. M. (2006). Effects of balance training on selected skills. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(2), 422-428. doi: 10.1519/R-17294.1
Yoo, J., Jeong, J., & Lee, W. (2014). The Effect of Trunk Stabilization Exercise Using an Unstable Surface on the Abdominal Muscle Structure and Balance of Stroke Patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(6), 857–859. doi:10.1589/jpts.26.857