臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

南湖柳葉菜為臺灣文化資產保存法明訂之珍貴稀有植物之一，族群數量稀少，呈現狹隘之點狀分布，主要生長於雪山、南湖大山、奇萊主峰、中央尖山及關山。本研究針對上述地區之南湖柳葉菜進行生育地及族群遺傳結構調查，以建立南湖柳葉菜生育環境之群落組成和環境特性，除此之外，尚研究分析各族群間於基因層面分化之程度，以提供保育方針的擬定依據。結果顯示，南湖柳葉菜現生生育地以南湖大山所占面積最大，其伴生維管束植物共計28科55屬72種，其中特有種53種，特有率達73.6%。生育地主要位於上坡、稜線上及山谷間之岩屑地，海拔高度介於3,053-3,795 m之間；坡向多變；坡度10-55ﾟ；地表含石率85%以上；全天光空域為29-89%；直射光空域為29-96%；土壤pH值介於6.36±0.43。南湖柳葉菜常出現於細葉山艾-羊茅型、玉山山蘿蔔-細葉山艾型及南湖柳葉菜-山艾型的植物社會中，其分布主要受全天光空域、直射光空域、高度的土壤含石率及中性偏酸的土壤等環境因子影響。以20組南湖柳葉菜微衛星基因座對南湖柳葉菜五族群進行分析，發現異型合子期望值 (He=0.298)大於異型合子觀測值(Ho=0.296)，且近親交配系數(FIS=0.085)為正值，顯示族群內有近親交配的情形，進而造成物種具有較低遺傳多樣性；其中以南湖北峰之族群具有最豐富的遺傳多樣性。PCoA 與 STRUCTURE 的結果顯示各族群間雖保有彼此獨特的基因型，但族群間存在者某種程度的交流，導致整體呈現低至中度的遺傳分化。本研究所調查之分布點位及環境資料可作為未來物種分布之預測模擬，以找出其可能潛在的分布地，並作為移地保育可能的參考地點；南湖北峰族群擁有相對多的遺傳多樣性，是族群保育措施的優先選擇地區。

Epilobium nankotaizanense is one of the rare plant by “Cultural Heritage Preservation Act”. The number of population groups is scarce, and the distribution is narrow and point-like. Mainly distributed in Mt. Xue , Mt. Nanhu, Mt. Zhongyangjian, Mt. Chilai and Mt. Guan. The study mainly aimed at the above-mentioned areas to investigate the habitat area and analyze the populations genetic structure of E. nankotaizanense. To establish the composition and environmental characteristics of the community where E. nankotaizanense is located for SDM, and to explore the degree of differentiation among each poplatios at the genetic level to provide a basis for formulating conservation policies. The results show that Mt. Nanhu is the largest habitat area of Epilobium nankotaizanense. Its associated vascular plants totaled 72 families, 55 genera and 72 species, including 53 endemic species, with an endemic rate of 73.6%. Among the existing habitat that are located on uphills, ridges and valleys, with altitudes ranging from 3,053 to 3,795 m; the ascept is variable ; the slope is 10-55 ﾟ; the WLS is 29-89%; the DLS is 29-96%; the soil pH is between 6.36±0.43. It often appear in the plant communities of Artemisia morrisonensis - Festuca ovina type, Scabiosa lacerifolia - Artemisia morrisonensis type and Epilobium nankotaizanense - Artemisia kawakamii type. The WLS, DLS, stoniness and soil pH are the main factors affecting its distribution. In this study, the genetic variation within and between 5 populations of E. nankotaizanense was examined with 20 microsatellite loci. The He(0.298) is greater than Ho(0.296), and FIS is 0.085, indicating that there are inbreeding within the populations, resulting in a species with low genetic diversity. Among them, the populatio of Mt. Nanhu has the richest genetic diversity. The results of PCoA and STRUCTURE show that although each population maintains a unique genotype, there is a certain degree of geneflow between the ethnic populations, resulting in overall low to moderate genetic differentiation. The distribution points and environmental data surveyed by this research can be used as SDM to find out its potential distribution area and as a possible reference place for ex situ conservation; Mt. Nanhu has relatively more genetic diversity, is preferred areas for population conservation measures.

摘要
..................................................................................................... I
Abstract .............................................................................................. II
謝誌 .................................................................................................. IV
目錄 .................................................................................................. VI
圖目錄 .............................................................................................. IX
表目錄 .............................................................................................. XI
壹、前言............................................................................................. 1
貳、文獻回顧 .................................................................................... 3
一、南湖柳葉菜的相關研究 .................................................... 3
(一)南湖柳葉菜的介紹 ...................................................... 3
(二)南湖柳葉菜之地理分布 .............................................. 4
(三)南湖柳葉菜之群落研究 .............................................. 5
(四)南湖柳葉菜之遺傳研究 ............................................ 12
二、微衛星分子標記技術的介紹 .......................................... 13
三、遺傳多樣性於瀕危物種保育的重要性 .......................... 14
參、材料與方法 .............................................................................. 16
一、資料蒐集與踏勘 .............................................................. 16
二、研究區域概況 .................................................................. 17
VII
(一)地理位置 .................................................................... 17
(二)地質與土壤 ................................................................ 18
(三)氣候概況 .................................................................... 19
三、植物社會之取樣 .............................................................. 25
四、環境因子觀測與評估方法 .............................................. 26
五、樣區與環境資料之分析 .................................................. 29
六、遺傳變異實驗步驟 .......................................................... 31
七、遺傳資料分析 .................................................................. 32
肆、結果........................................................................................... 35
一、生育地樣區與環境調查結果 .......................................... 35
(一)生育地面積估算 ..................................................... 35
(二)伴生植物資源與環境因子觀測................................ 35
(三)植物社會分類 ............................................................ 43
(四)植群組成與環境變數間的關係................................ 49
二、遺傳多樣性分析 .............................................................. 53
(一)南湖柳葉菜於微衛星基因座之歧異度分析 ........... 53
(二)南湖柳葉菜族群間之遺傳多樣性 ........................... 55
(三)南湖柳葉菜之族群分化與遺傳結構 ....................... 56
伍、討論........................................................................................... 59
VIII
一、南湖柳葉菜伴生維管束植物特性 .................................. 59
二、植物社會組成及環境因子之關係 .................................. 60
三、南湖柳葉菜之遺傳多樣性 .............................................. 63
四、族群分化程度及地理隔離效應 ...................................... 64
五、南湖柳葉菜的保育措施 .................................................. 65
陸、結論........................................................................................... 67
柒、參考文獻 .................................................................................. 69
附錄一、南湖柳葉菜伴生維管束植物名錄 .................................. 78
附錄二、南湖柳葉菜各樣區環境因子總表 .................................. 84
附錄三、南湖柳葉菜樣區點位 ...................................................... 86

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