臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Background: Tuberculosis remains the highest priority among infectious diseases in the world today with increasing morbidity and mortality every year. The burden of tuberculosis in Indonesia is a growing challenge for individuals and families, as well as the health care system and economy. Compliance behavior is a major factor in the successful treatment of tuberculosis patients in particular. Moreover, promoting adherence to tuberculosis treatment is essential in order to improve the successful treatment of tuberculosis.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and medication compliance behavior among patients with tuberculosis in Indonesia.
Method: This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design to identify significant variables and to examine the relationship between them, including demographic data, knowledge of tuberculosis, and medication compliance behavior.
Settings: The study was conducted in Medan Pulmonary Hospital Indonesia from July to August 2019. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data by using The Tuberculosis Knowledge Questionnaire and The Medication Adherence Scale
Participants: A total of 150 participants diagnosed with tuberculosis from chest outpatient clinic, Medan pulmonary hospital, Indonesia were recruited to take part in this study.
Results: The age of participants ranged from 18-78 years old with the mean age score was 40.03 (SD = 16.21). The majority of participants were men (n = 87, 58%), married (n = 75, 50%) and lived in the rural area (n = 94, 62.7%). The mean score for TB knowledge among participants was 8.67 out of 14 while the medication compliance behavior was 6.91 out of 8, at the data collection. Overall no significant relationship was found in the univariate analysis between demographic characteristics and tuberculosis knowledge including age, gender, education, ethnicity, marital status, residential area, having heard of tuberculosis, family history of tuberculosis, social support, living status, occupational, medical history, smoking, and alcohol. However, in the multivariate analysis, the researcher found education was significantly associated with knowledge (p = 0.02) among tuberculosis patients in Indonesia. When medication compliance was treated as continuous variables the researcher found that ethnicity is constantly associated with medication compliance behavior (p = 0.01). Meanwhile, when medication compliance behavior was treated as categorical variables, a significant relationship was found between medication compliance behavior and medical history (p = 0.03), smoking (p = 0.005), and alcohol (p = 0.03) among tuberculosis patients in Indonesia.
Conclusion: The findings of this study found that education is associated with knowledge of tuberculosis. It indicates that participants who had a good education had better knowledge of tuberculosis disease. It is essential for the government, and health professionals to design an educational program that focused on improving knowledge of the disease. Moreover, the study also found that ethnicity, medical history, smoking, and alcohol were associated with medication compliance behavior. Policymakers should design a law that restricts TB patients from consuming alcohol and cigarette to improve medication adherence. Similar research should be carried out among TB patients in Indonesia living in the same region to confirm results.

Contents
Contents i
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
Chapter I: Introduction 1
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Research purpose 4
1.3 Research questions 4
1.4 Research hypothesis 4
1.5 Significance of the study 5
1.6 Variable definition 5
Chapter II: Literature review 7
2.1 Demographic characteristic of the population in Indonesia including health
status 7
A. profile of Indonesia 7
B. Health status of the population in Indonesia 8
2.2 Overview of tuberculosis 9
A. Definition of tuberculosis 9
B. Prevalence of tuberculosis 9
C. Cause and transmission of tuberculosis 11
D. Clinical Manifestations 12
E. Treatment 13
F. Prevention 13
G. Complications 14
2.3 Tuberculosis Knowledge 14
2.4 Medication compliance behavior 16
2.5 The relationship between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and
medication compliance behavior among patients with tuberculosis in Indonesia
A. Demographic characteristics associated with TB knowledge 17
1. Age 17
2. Gender 18
3. Education 18
4. Ethnicity 19
5. Marital status 19
6. Residential area 20
7. Having heard of TB 20
8. Family history of TB 21
9. Social support 21
10 Living status 22
11. Occupational status 22
12. Medical history 23
13. Smoking 23
14. Alcohol 24
B. Demographic characteristics associated with medication compliance
behavior 24
1. Gender 25
2. Age 25
3. Education 25
4. Ethnicity 26
5. Marital status 26
6. Residential area 26
7. Having heard of TB 27
8. Family history of TB 27
9. Social support 28
10. Occupational 28
11. Living status 29
12. Medical history 30
13. Smoking 30
14. Alcohol 31
C. TB knowledge associated with medication compliance behavior 31
2.6 Conclusion 32
2.7 Research framework 33
Chapter III: Research methodology 34
3.1 Study design 34
3.2 Study setting 34
3.3 Population and sample 35
A. Population 35
B. Study sample (inclusion and exclusion criteria) 35
C. Sample size 36
D. Sampling technique 36
3.4 Instruments 37
A. The tuberculosis knowledge questionnaire 37
B. The medical compliance behavior questionnaire 38
3.5 Translation, Validity, and reliability of instrument 39
A. Translation 39
B. Validity of the instrument 39
C. Reliability of the instrument 40
3.6 Ethical consideration 40
3.7 Data collection procedures 41
3.8 Data analysis procedures 42
3.9 Statistically test for study 44
Chapter IV: Result 47
4.1 Characteristic of study sample 47
4.2 Descriptive statistic of the scale 50
4.3 Distribution of the response to knowledge of TB and medication compliance behavior 50
4.4 Statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics to TB knowledge and medication compliance behavior 54
4.5 Predicting knowledge of tuberculosis among patients in Indonesia 62
Chapter V: discussion 65
5.1 Demographic characteristics of the participants 65
5.2 Demographic characteristics associated with TB Knowledge 67
A. Variables that have significant relationship 67
B. Variables that have no significant relationship 69
5.3 Demographic characteristics associated with medication compliance behavior (continues variable) 74
A. Variables that have significant relationship 74
B. Variables that have no significant relationship 75
5.4 Demographic characteristics associated with medication compliance behavior (categorical variables) 83
A. Medical history associated with medication compliance behavior 83
B. Smoking associated with medication compliance behavior 84
C. Alcohol associated with medication compliance behavior 85
Chapter VI: Conclusion 87
6.1 Conclusion 87
6.2 Implication of the study 88
6.3 Limitation of the study 90
6.4 Recommendation for the future research 91
6.4 References 92
Appendices 117
Appendix I The institutional review board 117
Appendix II Permission to use TB knowledge questionnaire 118
Appendix III Permission to use the medication adherence scale 120
Appendix IV Informed consent 122
Appendix V Demographic characteristics questionnaire 123
Appendix VI TB knowledge questionnaire 125
Appendix VII The medication adherence scale 126
Appendix VIII, the content validity index 127
Validity and reliability test 130
Informed consent (Indonesian version) 135
Demographic characteristics questionnaire (Indonesian version) 136
TB knowledge questionnaire (Indonesian version) 138
The medication adherence scale (Indonesian version) 139

References
Abebe, G., Deribew, A., Apers, L., Woldemichael, K., Shiffa, J., Tesfaye, M., & Bezabih, M. (2010). Knowledge, health seeking behavior and perceived stigma towards tuberculosis among tuberculosis suspects in a rural community in southwest Ethiopia. Plos One, 5(10), 1-7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013339
Abel, W. M. (2011). Issues influencing medication adherence in black women with hypertension (unpublished doctoral thesis), The University of North Carolina, Greensboro, The United State of America.
Adane, K., Spigt, M., Johanna, L., Noortje, D., Abera, S. F., & Dinant, G.-J. (2017). Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and practices among northern Ethiopian prisoners: Implications for TB control efforts. PloS One, 12(3), 1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174692
Aditama, H. P., & Aris, A. (2013). Hubungan pengetahuan dan motivasi pasien TBC (Tuberkulosis) dengan kepatuhan berobat pasien TBC yang berobat di UPT puskesmas Mantup kabupaten Lamongan. Surya 2 (15), Agust 2013 Tuberkulosis (TB). 33-39. [Aditama, H. P., & Aris, A. (2013). The relationship of TBC (Tuberculosis) patients' knowledge and motivation with TB treatment patients who seek treatment at the UPT Pusup Mantup Lamongan regency. Surya 2 (15), Agust 2013 Tuberculosis (TB). 33-39.]
Agho, K. E., Hall, J., & Ewald, B. (2014). Determinants of the knowledge of and attitude towards tuberculosis in Nigeria. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 32(3), 520.
Ahmad, R. A., Richardus, J. H., & Vlas, S. J. (2012). Care-seeking behaviour among individuals with TB symptoms in Jogjakarta Province, Indonesia: A community-based study. International Health, 5(1), 51-57.
Ailinger, R. L., Armstrong, R., Nguyen, N., & Lasus, H. (2004). Latino immigrants' knowledge of tuberculosis. Public Health Nursing, 21(6), 519-523. doi:10.1111/j.0737-1209.2004.21603.x
Alikari, V., Tsironi, M., Matziou, V., Tzavella, F., Stathoulis, J., Babatsikou, F., & Zyga, S. (2019). The impact of education on knowledge, adherence and quality of life among patients on haemodialysis. Quality of Life Research, 28(1), 73-83. doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1989-y
Alkulaib, F. K., AlFuraih, I. M., Alabbad, Z. M., Almusaad, M. N., ALmeshari, A. A., ALwesaibie, A. S., & Alshuwair, F. N. (2017). Awareness of tuberculosis among general populations in Riyadh region and its surroundings. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 68(3), 1462-1468.
Amininasab, S. S., Lolaty, H. A., Moosazadeh, M., & Shafipour, V. (2018). Medication adherence and its predictors among patients with heart failure. Nursing and Midwifery Studies, 7(2), 81-86. doi: 10.4103/nms.nms_9_17
Ardi, M., Tahmir, S., & Pertiwi, N. (2018). Knowledge and attitudes with family role in prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in Maros, Indonesia. Paper presented at the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1-6.
Ariani, N. W., Rattu, A., & Ratag, B. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keteraturan minum obat penderita tuberkulosis paru di wilayah kerja puskesmas Modayag, kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Timur. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Samratulangi, 5(2), 157-168. [Ariani, N. W., Rattu, A., & Ratag, B. (2015). Factors associated with regularity of taking drugs for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Modayag community health center area, East Bolaang Mongondow District. Journal of Public Health Sciences Samratulangi University, 5 (2), 157-168.]
Arifin, V. N., Nur, A., & Uzair, F. M. (2019). The relationship of social support with medication adherence pulmonary tuberculosis patients through DOTS strategy in Pidie Aceh Indonesia. Paper Presented at the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/469/1/012055
Arikunto, S. (2006). Prosedur penelitian: Suatu pendekatan praktek. (6th ed.). Jakarta: Rhineka Cipta. [Arikunto, S. (2006). Research procedure: A practical approach. S. (6th ed.). Jakarta: Rhineka Cipta.]
Atan, G., & Karabulutlu, E. Y. (2017). Relationship between demographic features, adherence to treatment and quality of life of hypertension patients in Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 10(3), 1624-1632.
Awaisu, A., Mohamed, M. H. N., Aziz, N. A., Sulaiman, S. A. S., Noordin, N. M., Muttalif, A. R., & Mahayiddin, A. A. (2010). Tobacco use prevalence, knowledge, and attitudes among newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in Penang State and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 8(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1617-9625-8-3
Bagchi, S., Ambe, G., & Sathiakumar, N. (2010). Determinants of poor adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Mumbai, India. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1(4), 223-232.
Balbay, O., Annakkaya, A. N., Arbak, P., Bilgin, C., & Erbas, M. (2005). Which patients are able to adhere to tuberculosis treatment? A study in a rural area in the northwest part of Turkey. Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 58(3), 152-158.
Bam, T. S., Gunneberg, C., Chamroonsawasdi, K., Bam, D., Aalberg, O., Kasland, O., & Srisorrachatr, S. (2006). Factors affecting patient adherence to DOTS in urban Kathmandu, Nepal. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10 (3), 270-276.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
Barnes, P. F., El-Hajj, H., Preston-Martin, S., Cave, M. D., Jones, B. E., Otaya, M., & Eisenach, K. D. (1996). Transmission of tuberculosis among the urban homeless. Jama, 275(4), 305-307.
Bashar, K., Al-Amin, H., Reza, M. S., Islam, M., & Ahmed, T. U. (2012). Socio-demographic factors influencing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding malaria in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1-12. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1084
Bashour, H., & Mamaree, F. (2003). Gender differences and tuberculosis in the Syrian Arab Republic: Patients' attitudes, compliance and outcomes. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 9 (4), 757-768
Blackwell, W. (2015). Concept and methods in infection disease surveillance In J. K. I. Nkucia & M. M'ikana (Eds.). Atlanta, USA: Meridien.
Bruton, A., Conway, J., & Holgate, S. (2015). Reliability: What is it, and how is it measured? Journal of Physiotherapy, 86(2), 94-99. doi:10.1016/S0031-9406(05)61211-4
Brunet, L., Pai, M., Davids, V., Ling, D., Paradis, G., Lenders, L., & Allwood, B. (2011). High prevalence of smoking among patients with suspected tuberculosis in South Africa. European Respiratory Journal, 38(1), 139-146. doi:10.1183/09031936.00137710
Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). Study guide for the practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique, and utilization (5). Philadelphia: Saunders Elservier.
Caminero, J. (2008). Likelihood of generating MDR-TB and XDR-TB under adequate national tuberculosis control programme implementation. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(8), 869-877.
Chang, K., Leung, C., & Tam, C. (2004). Risk factors for defaulting from anti-tuberculosis treatment under directly observed treatment in Hong Kong. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 8(12), 1492-1498.
Chang, S., & Cataldo, J. (2014). A systematic review of global cultural variations in knowledge, attitudes and health responses to tuberculosis stigma. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 18(2), 168-173.
Chani, K. (2010). Factors affecting compliance to tuberculosis treatment In Andara Vavango Region Namibia (Unpublished master's thesis), University of South Africa Namibia, Andara Vavango Region, Namibia.
Charles L, D., & Joseph A, C. (2018). Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 39 (3), 310-324. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1661383.
Chen, X., Wang, W., Wang, X., Chai, C., Liu, K., Peng, Y., & Jiang, J. (2019). Public awareness of tuberculosis in southeast China: A population-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(21), 1-13. doi:10.3390/ijerph16214290
Cheng, S.-T., Fung, H. H., & Chan, A. C. (2008). Living status and psychological well-being: Social comparison as a moderator in later life. Aging and Mental Health Journal, 12(5), 654-661.
Chilunda, M., Harries, A., & Salaniponi, F. (2003). Knowledge of tuberculosis in secondary school students: A study in Mchinji district. Malawi Medical Journal: The Journal of Medical Association of Malawi, 15(1), 13-13.
Choi, H., Chung, H., Muntaner, C., Lee, M., Kim, Y., Barry, C., & Cho, S. (2016). The impact of social conditions on patient adherence to pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 20(7), 948-954. doi:10.5588/ijtld.15.0759
Colson, P. W., Franks, J., Sondengam, R., Hirsch-Moverman, Y., & El-Sadr, W. (2010). Tuberculosis knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in foreign-born and US-born patients with latent tuberculosis infection. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 12, 859-866. doi:10.1007/s10903-010-9338-4
Comolet, T. M., Rakotomalala, R., & Rajaonarioa, H. (1998). Factors determining compliance with tuberculosis treatment in an urban environment, Tamatave, Madagascar. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2(11), 891-897.
Cramm, J. M., van Exel, J., Møller, V., & Finkenflügel, H. (2010). Patients' view on determinants of compliance with tuberculosis treatment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, 3(3), 159-172.
Cremers, A. L., de Laat, M. M., Kapata, N., Gerrets, R., Klipstein-Grobusch, K., & Grobusch, M. P. (2015). Assessing the consequences of stigma for tuberculosis patients in urban Zambia. Plos One, 10(3), e0119861. 1-16 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119861
Cropsey, K. L., Clark, C. B., Stevens, E. N., Schiavon, S., Lahti, A. C., & Hendricks, P. S. (2017). Predictors of medication adherence and smoking cessation among smokers under community corrections supervision. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 111-117. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.10.010
Davies, P. D., Gordon, S. B., & Davies, G. (2014). Clinical tuberculosis. London, England: The CRC Press.
Datiko, D. G., Habte, D., Jerene, D., & Suarez, P. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to TB among the general population of Ethiopia: Findings from a national cross-sectional survey. Plos One, 14(10), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224196
Delavar, F., Pashaeypoor, S., & Negarandeh, R. (2019). The effects of self-management education tailored to health literacy on medication adherence and blood pressure control among elderly people with primary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Education and Counseling, 103 (2), 336-342 doi:10.1016/j.pec.2019.08.028
DepKes, (2010). Profil kesehatan indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Departemen kesehatan Republik Indonesia. [Ministry of Health, (2010). Indonesian health profile. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of health of the Republic of Indonesia]
Deshmukh, R., Dhande, D., Sachdeva, K., Sreenivas, A., Kumar, A., & Parmar, M. (2018). Social support a key factor for adherence to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 65(1), 41-47.
DeWalt, D. A., Berkman, N. D., Sheridan, S., Lohr, K. N., & Pignone, M. P. (2004). Literacy and health outcomes. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19 (12), 1228-1239.
Donaldson, R., Marzook, A. A., Ghafor, Y. A. A., & Yousif, T. K. (2010). Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding tuberculosis: Community-based study in Al-Anbar governorate; Iraq. Iraq Journal of Community Medicine, 23(4), 223-230.
Dotulong, J., Sapulete, M. R., & Kandou, G. D. (2015). Hubungan faktor risiko umur, jenis kelamin, dan kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian penyakit TB Paru di Desa Wori Kecamatan Wori. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas dan Tropik, 3(2), 57-65. [Dotulong, J., Sapulete, M. R., & Kandou, G. D. (2015). The relationship between risk factors for age, sex, and occupancy density with the incidence of pulmonary TB disease in Wori Village, Wori District. Journal of Community and Tropical Medicine, 3 (2), 57-65.]
Doyle, C., Lennox, L., & Bell, D. (2013). A systematic review of evidence on the links between patient experience and clinical safety and effectiveness. British Medical Journal Open, 3(1), 1-18, e001570.
Erawatyningsih, E., & Purwanta, H. S. (2009). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan berobat pada penderita tuberkulosis paru. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 25(3), 117-124. doi:10.22146/bkm.3558. [Erawatyningsih, E., & Purwanta, H. S. (2009). Factors that influence non-compliance with treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Community Medicine News, 25 (3), 117-124. doi:10.22146/bkm.3558]
Esmael, A., Ali, I., Agonafir, M., Desale, A., Yaregal, Z., & Desta, K. (2013). Assessment of patients' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding pulmonary tuberculosis in eastern Amhara regional state, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88(4), 785-788. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0312
Etebari, F., Pezeshki, M. Z., & Fakour, S. (2019). Factors related to the non-adherence of medication and nonpharmacological recommendations in high blood pressure patients. Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research, 11(1), 28-34. doi:10.15171/jcvtr.2019.05
Fagundez, G., Perez-Freixo, H., Eyene, J., Momo, J. C., Biyé, L., Esono, T., & Herrador, Z. (2016). Treatment adherence of tuberculosis patients attending two reference units in Equatorial Guinea. Plos One, 11(9), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161995 S
Fitriani, E. (2013). Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian tuberkulosis paru (Studi kasus di puskesmas Ketanggungan kabupaten Brebes tahun 2012). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 2(1), 1-7, doi:10.15294/ujph.v2i1.3034. [Fitriani, E. (2013). Risk factors related to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (Case study at the Ketanggungan health center, Brebes district, in 2012). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 2 (1), 1-7. doi:10.15294/ujph.v2i1.3034.]
Ford, C. M., Bayer, A. M., Gilman, R. H., Onifade, D., Acosta, C., Cabrera, L., & Evans, C. A. (2009). Factors associated with delayed tuberculosis test-seeking behavior in the Peruvian Amazon. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81(6), 1097-1102.
Freitas, I. M. d., Popolin, M. P., Touso, M. M., Yamamura, M., Rodrigues, L. B. B., Santos Neto, M., & Arcêncio, R. A. (2015). Factors associated with knowledge about tuberculosis and attitudes of relatives of patients with the disease in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 18, 326-340.
Garrido, S. M., Penna, M. L., Perez-Porcuna, T. M., Marreiro, S. L., Albuquerque, B. C., Martínez-Espinosa, F. E., & Bührer-Sékula, S. (2012). Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon: A case control-study. Plos One, 7(6), 1-7 e39134 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039134
Gaspar, L. M. d. S., Braga, C., Albuquerque, G. D. M. d., Silva, M. P. N., Maruza, M., Montarroyos, U. R., & Albuquerque, M. d. F. P. M. (2019). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of community health agents regarding pulmonary tuberculosis in a capital city in northeastern Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 24, 3815-3824.
Gellad, W. F., Haas, J. S., & Safran, D. G. (2007). Race/ethnicity and nonadherence to prescription medications among seniors: Results of a national study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(11), 1572-1578. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0385-z
Gerber, B. S., Cho, Y. I., Arozullah, A. M., & Lee, S. Y. (2010). Racial differences in medication adherence: A cross-sectional study of medicare enrollees. The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, 8(2), 136-145. doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2010.03.002
Gold, D. T., & McClung, B. (2006). Approaches to patient education: Emphasizing the long-term value of compliance and persistence. The American Journal of Medicine, 119(4), S32-S37. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.12.021
Granger, B. B., Ekman, I., Granger, C. B., Ostergren, J., Olofsson, B., Michelson, E., & Swedberg, K. (2009). Adherence to medication according to sex and age in the CHARM programme. European Journal of Heart Failure, 11(11), 1092-1098. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfp142
Greene, J. (2014). Factors associated with defaults from treatment among tuberculosis patients in Western Sierra Leone (unpublished masters' thesis). University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Grodensky, C. A., Golin, C. E., Ochtera, R. D., & Turner, B. J. (2012). Systematic review: Effect of alcohol intake on adherence to outpatient medication regimens for chronic diseases. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(6), 899-910. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.899
Hashimoto, K., Urata, K., Yoshida, A., Horiuchi, R., Yamaaki, N., Yagi, K., & Arai, K. (2019). The relationship between patients’ perception of type 2 diabetes and medication adherence: A cross-sectional study in Japan. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 5(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s40780-019-0132-8
Hasker, E., Khodjikhanov, M., Usarova, S., Asamidinov, U., Yuldashova, U., van der Werf, M. J., & Veen, J. (2008). Default from tuberculosis treatment in Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Who are these defaulters and why do they default? BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 8(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-97
Hassan, A., Olukolade, R., Ogbuji, Q., Afolabi, S., Okwuonye, L., Kusimo, O., & Ladipo, O. (2017). Knowledge about tuberculosis: A precursor to effective TB control—findings from a follow-up national KAP study on tuberculosis among Nigerians. Tuberculosis Research and Treatment, 2017, 1-8. doi.org/10.1155/2017/6309092
Hayati, A. (2011). Evaluasi kepatuhan berobat penderita tuberkulosis paru tahun 2010-2011 di puskesmas kecamatan pancoran mas depok (unpublished bachelor's thesis), Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Hayati, A. (2011). Evaluation of compliance with pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in 2010-2011 at Pancoran Mas Depok sub-district health center (unpublished bachelor's thesis), University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.]
Heemskerk, D., Caws, M., Marais, B., Farrar, J. (2015). Tuberculosis in adults and children. Switzerland: SpringerBriefs.
Hendryadi, H. (2017). Validitas isi: Tahap awal pengembangan kuesioner. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT, 2(2), 169-178. doi:10.36226/jrmb.v2i2.47. [Hendryadi, H. (2017). Content validity: The initial stage of developing the questionnaire. Journal of Management and Business Research (JRMB) UNIAT Faculty of Economics, 2 (2), 169-178. doi:10.36226/jrmb.v2i2.47]
Hinkin, C. H., Hardy, D. J., Mason, K. I., Castellon, S. A., Durvasula, R. S., Lam, M. N., & Stefaniak, M. (2004). Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: Effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse. AIDS (London, England), 18 (1), S19-S25.
Hoa, N. P., Chuc, N. T. K., & Thorson, A. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about tuberculosis and choice of communication channels in a rural community in Vietnam. Health Policy, 90 (1), 8-12. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.08.006
Hossain, S., Zaman, K., Quaiyum, A., Banu, S., Husain, A., Islam, A., & van Leth, F. (2015). Factors associated with poor knowledge among adults on tuberculosis in Bangladesh: Results from a nationwide survey. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 34(1), 2. doi:10.1186/s41043-015-0002-4
Huddart, S., Bossuroy, T., Pons, V., Baral, S., Pai, M., & Delavallade, C. (2018). Knowledge about tuberculosis and infection prevention behavior: A nine city longitudinal study from India. Plos One, 13(10). 1-7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206245
Hunt, D. P. (2003). The concept of knowledge and how to measure it. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(1), 100-113.
Hutapea, T. P. (2009). Pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat anti tuberkulosis. Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia (serial on the internet), 29(2), 1-11. [Hutapea, T. P. (2009). The effect of family support on approval to take anti-tuberculosis drugs. Indonesian Journal of Respirology (serial on the internet), 29 (2), 1-11.]
Ibrahim, L. M., Hadejia, I. S., Nguku, P., Dankoli, R., Waziri, N. E., Akhimien, M. O., & Nwanyanwu, O. (2014). Factors associated with interruption of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Plateau State, Nigeria. 2011. Pan African Medical Journal, 17(1), 1-8. doi:10.11604/pamj.2014.17.78.3464
Imtiaz, S., Shield, K. D., Roerecke, M., Samokhvalov, A. V., Lönnroth, K., & Rehm, J. (2017). Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for tuberculosis: Meta-analyses and burden of disease. European Respiratory Journal, 50(1), 1-13. doi:10.1183/13993003.00216-2017
Irnawati, N. M., Siagian, I. E., & Ottay, R. I. (2016). Pengaruh dukungan keluarga terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita tuberkulosis di puskesmas Motoboi Kecil kota Kotamobagu. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas dan Tropik, 4(1), 59-64. [Irnawati, N. M., Siagian, I. E., & Ottay, R. I. (2016). Effect of family support on compliance in taking medication on tuberculosis patients in Motoboi Kecil Community Health Center in Kotamobagu city. Journal of Community and Tropical Medicine, 4 (1), 59-64.]
Jakubowiak, W. M., Bogorodskaya, E., Borisov, S., Danilova, I., Lomakina, O., & Kourbatova, E. (2008). Impact of socio-psychological factors on treatment adherence of TB patients in Russia. Tuberculosis, 88(5), 495-502. doi:10.1016/j.tube.2008.03.004
Jaggarajamma, K., Sudha, G., Chandrasekaran, V., Nirupa, C., Thomas, A., Santha, T., & Narayanan, P. (2007). Reasons for non-compliance among patients treated under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), Tiruvallur district, south India. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, 54(3), 130-135.
Jati, W. R. (2015 ). Bonus demografi sebagai mesin pertumbuhan ekonomi: Jendela peluang Atau jendela bencana di indonesia?. Journal of Populasion Research , 26, 1-19. [Jati, W. R. (2015). Demographic bonus as an engine of economic growth: A window of opportunity or a window of disaster in Indonesia? Journal of Population Research, 26, 1-19.]
Jin, H., Kim, Y., & Rhie, S. J. (2016). Factors affecting medication adherence in elderly people. Patient Preference and Adherence, 10, 2117-2125.
Kaona, F. A., Tuba, M., Siziya, S., & Sikaona, L. (2004). An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment. BioMed Central Public Health, 4(1), 1-8. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-68
Kapoor, A. K., & Singh, K. (2016). Demographic dynamics in tuberculosis patients of Delhi. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 5(4), 43-49.
Karadsheh, L., Mansour, E., Alhawari, S., Azar, G., & El-Bathy, N. (2009). A theoretical framework for knowledge management process: Towards improving knowledge performance. Communications of The International Bussines Information Managemen Association,7, 67-79.
Kassim, N. K., Adnan, M. M., Wern, C. W., Ru, L. Z., Hanafi, M. H., & Yusoff, A. (2017). Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer among siamese ethnic group in Tumpat, Kelantan. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS, 24(4), 47-54. doi:10.21315/mjms2017.24.4.6
Keiwkarnka, B., Sermsri, S., Shiyalap, K., & Nepal, A. K. (2012). Compliance with DOTS among tuberculosis patients under community based DOTS strategy in Palpa District, Nepal. International Journal of Infection and Microbiology, 1(1), 14-19. doi:10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6717
Kementrian kesehatan. (2014). Pedoman nasional pengendalian tuberkulosis. Direktorat Jendral Pengendalian Penyakit Dan Penyehatan Lingkungan, Jakarta, Indonesia, 24, 978-979. [Ministry of Health. (2014). National guidelines for tuberculosis control. Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Jakarta, Indonesia, 24, 978-979.]
Kittikraisak, W., Burapat, C., Kaewsa-ard, S., Watthanaamornkiet, W., Sirinak, C., Sattayawuthipong, W., & Varma, J. K. (2009). Factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default among HIV-infected tuberculosis patients in Thailand. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(1), 59-66. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.09.003
Koay, T. (2004). Knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis among the people living in Kudat District, Sabah. Medical Journal Malaysia, 59(4), 502-511.
Kulkarni, P., Akarte, S., Mankeshwar, R., Bhawalkar, J., Banerjee, A., & Kulkarni, A. (2013). Non adherence of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients to anti tuberculosis treatment. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research, 3(1), 67-74. doi:10.4103/2141-9248.109507
Lavigne, M., Rocher, I., Steensma, C., & Brassard, P. (2006). The impact of smoking on adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection. BioMed Central Public Health, 6(1), 66. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-66
Lawn, S. D., Meintjes, G., McIlleron, H., Harries, A. D., & Wood, R. (2013). Management of HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-limited settings: A state-of-the-art review. BioMed Central Medicine, 11(1), 1-16.
Leven, E. A., Annunziato, R., Helcer, J., Lieber, S. R., Knight, C. S., Wlodarkiewicz, C., & Shemesh, E. (2017). Medication adherence and rejection rates in older versus younger adult liver transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation, 31(6), e12981, 1-7. doi:10.1111/ctr.12981
Li, X., Wang, B., Tan, D., Li, M., Zhang, D., Tang, C., & Jin, B. (2018). Effectiveness of comprehensive social support interventions among elderly patients with tuberculosis in communities in China: A community-based trial. Journal Epidemiol Community Health, 72(5), 369-375.
Liam, C., Lim, K., Wong, C., & Tang, B. (1999). Attitudes and knowledge of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients regarding the disease and factors affecting treatment compliance. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 3(4), 300-309.
Lock, W. A., Ahmad, R. A., Ruiter, R. A., van der Werf, M. J., Bos, A. E., Mahendradhata, Y., & de Vlas, S. J. (2011). Patient delay determinants for patients with suspected tuberculosis in Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16(12), 1501-1510. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02864.x
Lönnroth, K., Williams, B. G., Stadlin, S., Jaramillo, E., & Dye, C. (2008). Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis–a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 289, 1-12. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-289
Luba, T. R., Tang, S., Liu, Q., Gebremedhin, S. A., Kisasi, M. D., & Feng, Z. (2019). Knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards tuberculosis in Lesotho: A population based study. BioMed Central Infectious Diseases, 19(1), 96, 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3688-x
Ma, M., & Ma, A. (2015). Racial/Ethnic differences in knowledge of personal and target levels of cardiovascular health indicators. Journal of Community Health, 40(5), 1024-1030. doi:10.1007/s10900-015-0027-z
Mahishale, V., Patil, B., Lolly, M., Eti, A., & Khan, S. (2015). Prevalence of smoking and its impact on treatment outcomes in newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A hospital-based prospective study. Chonnam Medical Journal, 51(2), 86-90. doi:10.4068/cmj.2015.51.2.86
Mandpe, A. S., Pandit, V. A., Dawane, J. S., & Patel, H. R., (2014). Correlation of disease knowledge with adherence to drug therapy, blood sugar levels, and complications associated with disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Journal Diabetes Metabolism 5(5), 1-5. doi: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000369
Martin, L. R., Williams, S. L., Haskard, K. B., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2005). The challenge of patient adherence. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 1(3), 189-199.
Massi, M. N., Wahyuni, S., Halik, H., Anita, Yusuf, I., Leong, F. J., & Phyu, S. (2011). Drug resistance among tuberculosis patients attending diagnostic and treatment centres in Makassar, Indonesia. International Journal Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 15(4), 489-495. doi:10.5588/ijtld.09.0730
McNagny, S. E., Ahluwalia, J. S., Clark, W. S., & Resnicow, K. A. (2007). Cigarette smoking and severe uncontrolled hypertension in inner-city African Americans. The American Journal of Medicine, 103(2), 121-127. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00131-9
Mekonnen, H. S., & Azagew, A. W. (2018). Non-adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment, reasons and associated factors among TB patients attending at Gondar town health centers, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 11(1), 691, 1-8. doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3789-4
Meulemans, H., Mortelmans, D., Liefooghe, R., Mertens, P., Akbar Zaidi, S., Farooq Solangi, M., & De Muynck, A. (2002). The limits to patient compliance with directly observed therapy for tuberculosis: A socio‐medical study in Pakistan. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 17(3), 249-267.
Mohajan, H. (2016). Knowledge is an essential element at present world. Munich Personal RePEC Archive, 1 (1), 31-51.
Mohamed, A., Yousif, M., Ottoa, P., & Bayoumi, A. (2007). Knowledge of tuberculosis: A survey among tuberculosis patients in Omdurman, Sudan. Sudanese Journal of Public Health, 2(1), 22.
Mohammed, H., Kieltyka, L., Richardson-Alston, G., Magnus, M., Fawal, H., Vermund, S. H., & Kissinger, P. (2004). Adherence to HAART among HIV-infected persons in rural Louisiana. Aids Patient Care and STDs, 18(5), 289-296. doi:10.1089/108729104323076025
Mondal, M., Nazrul, H. M., Chowdhury, M., & Howard, J. (2014). Socio-demographic factors affecting knowledge level of tuberculosis patients in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. African Health Sciences, 14(4), 855-865. doi:10.4314/ahs.v14i4.13
Munro, S. A., Lewin, S. A., Smith, H. J., Engel, M. E., Fretheim, A., & Volmink, J. (2007). Patient adherence to tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review of qualitative research. Plos Medicine, 4(7), e238. 1230-1245.
Myers, B., Bouton, T. C., Ragan, E. J., White, L. F., McIlleron, H., Theron, D., & Jacobson, K. R. (2018). Impact of alcohol consumption on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: A prospective longitudinal cohort study protocol. BMC Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 488. 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3396-y
Nachega, J. B., Uthman, O. A., Peltzer, K., Richardson, L. A., Mills, E. J., Amekudzi, K., & Ouédraogo, A. (2014). Association between antiretroviral therapy adherence and employment status: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 93, 29-41. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.138149
Nagny, S. E., Ahluwalia, J. S., Clark, W. S., & Resnicow, K. A. (2007). Cigarette smoking and severe uncontrolled hypertension in inner-city African Americans. The American Journal of Medicine, 103(2), 121-127. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(97)00131-9
Naing, N. N., D'Este, C., Isa, A. R., Salleh, R., Bakar, N., & Mahmod, M. R. (2001). Factors contributing to poor compliance with anti-TB treatment among tuberculosis patients. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 32(2), 369-382.
Noremillia, N., & Rahman, H. A. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practice on tuberculosis (TB) among community in Kajang, Selangor: A cross-sectional study. Asia Pacific Environmental and Occupational Health Journal, 1(1), 62-67.
Nyasulu, P., Sikwese, S., Chirwa, T., Makanjee, C., Mmanga, M., Babalola, J. O., & Munthali, A. C. (2018). Knowledge, beliefs, and perceptions of tuberculosis among community members in Ntcheu district, Malawi. Journal Multidiscipline of Healthcare, 11, 375-389. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S156949
Obuku, E. A., Meynell, C., Kiboss-Kyeyune, J., Blankley, S., Atuhairwe, C., Nabankema, E., & Ndungutse, D. (2012). Socio-demographic determinants and prevalence of tuberculosis knowledge in three slum populations of Uganda. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 536. 1-9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-536
Oboyle, S., Power, J., Ibrahim, M., & Watson, J. (2002). Factors affecting patient compliance with anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy using the directly observed treatment, short-course strategy (DOTS). The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 6(4), 307-312.
Ofoli, J., Dankyau, M., Sule, J., & Lass, D. (2017). Relationship between family and social support and adherence to treatment among outpatient hypertensives in an urban hospital. Nigerian Journal of Family Practice, 8(1), 45-52.
Okanurak, K., Kitayaporn, D., & Akarasewi, P. (2008). Factors contributing to treatment success among tuberculosis patients: A prospective cohort study in Bangkok. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(10), 1160-1165.
Ormerod, L. P. (2000). Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: Code of practice 2000. Thorax, 55(11), 887-901.
Pacek, L. R., McClernon, F. J., & Bosworth, H. B. (2018). Adherence to pharmacological smoking cessation interventions: A literature review and synthesis of correlates and barriers. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 20(10), 1163-1172. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx210
Palupi, D. L. M. (2013). Pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku penderita tuberculosis yang berobat di wilayah kerja puskesmas surakarta. Surakarta, CJ, Indonesia: Sebelas Maret University. [Palupi, D. L. M. (2013). The effect of health education on changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior of tuberculosis patients who seek treatment in the work area of the Surakarta puskesmas. Surakarta, CJ, Indonesia: Eleven March University.]
Pandit, N., & Choudhary, S. (2006). A study of treatment compliance in directly observed therapy for tuberculosis. Indian Journal Community of Medicine, 31(4), 241-243.
Park, H. Y., Seo, S. A., Yoo, H., & Lee, K. (2018). Medication adherence and beliefs about medication in elderly patients living alone with chronic diseases. Patient Preference and Adherence, 24 (12). 175-181. doi: 0.2147/PPA.S151263
Pasek, M. S., Suryani, N., & Pancrasia, M. K. (2013). Hubungan persepsi dan tingkat pengetahuan penderita tuberkulosis dengan kepatuhan pengobatan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Buleleng 1. Jurnal Magister Kedokteran Keluarga, 1(1), 14-23. [Pasek, M. S., Suryani, N., & Pancrasia, M. K. (2013). The relationship between perception and level of knowledge of tuberculosis patients with medication adherence in the working area of the Buleleng Community Health Center 1. Journal of Family Medicine, 1 (1), 14-23.]
Pasek, M. S. (2013). Hubungan persepsi dan tingkat pengetahuan penderita TB dengan kepatuhan pengobatan di kecamatan buleleng. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1). 145-152. [Pasek, M. S. (2013). Relationship between perception and level of knowledge of TB sufferers with medication adherence in Buleleng sub-district. Indonesian Education Journal, 2 (1), 145-152.]
Paul, S., Akter, R., Aftab, A., Khan, A. M., Barua, M., Islam, S., & Sarker, M. (2015). Knowledge and attitude of key community members towards tuberculosis: Mixed method study from BRAC TB control areas in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 52, 1-8. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1390-5
Peeters, B., Van Tongelen, I., Boussery, K., Mehuys, E., Remon, J. P., & Willems, S. (2011). Factors associated with medication adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents in different ethnic groups suffering from type 2 diabetes: A systematic literature review and suggestions for further research. Diabetic Medicine, 28(3), 262-275.
Pengpid, S., Peltzer, K., Puckpinyo, A., Tiraphat, S., Viripiromgool, S., Apidechkul, T., & Mongkolchati, A. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about tuberculosis and choice of communication channels in Thailand. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 10(07), 694-703. doi:10.3855/jidc.6963
Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459-467.
Pradeepkumar, A., Thankappan, K., & Nichter, M. (2008). Smoking among tuberculosis patients in Kerala, India: Proactive cessation efforts are urgently needed. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 12(10), 1139-1145.
Rana, M., Sayem, A., Karim, R., Islam, N., Islam, R., Zaman, T. K., & Hossain, G. (2015). Assessment of knowledge regarding tuberculosis among non-medical university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1-7. doi 10.1186/s12889-015-2071-0
Rathish, D., Hemachandra, R., Premadasa, T., Ramanayake, S., Rasangika, C., Roshiban, R., & Jayasumana, C. (2019). Comparison of medication adherence between type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who pay for their medications and those who receive it free: A rural Asian experience. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 38(1), 1-8. doi:10.1186/s41043-019-0161-9
Ratnasari, N. Y., & Nurtanti, S. (2018). Analysis on factors related with treatment behavior of pulmonary tuberculosis patient. KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 14(1), 81-89. doi:10.15294/kemas.v14i1.12518
Rehm, J., Samokhvalov, A. V., Neuman, M. G., Room, R., Parry, C., Lönnroth, K., & Popova, S. (2009). The association between alcohol use, alcohol use disorders and tuberculosis (TB). A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-11. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-450
Rintiswati, N., Mahendradhata, Y., Subronto, Y., Varkevisser, C., & Van Der Werf, M. (2009). Journeys to tuberculosis treatment: A qualitative study of patients, families and communities in Jogjakarta, Indonesia. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-14. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-158
Russell, D. G., Barry, C. E., & Flynn, J. L. (2010). Tuberculosis: What we don’t know can, and does, hurt us. Science, 328(5980), 852-856.
Safavi, P., Saberzadeh, M., & Tehrani, A. M. (2019). Factors associated with treatment adherence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(3), 252. doi:10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_456_18
Sakalle, S., Waskel, B., Dixit, S., Pandey, D., Sirohi, S., & Saroshe, S. (2014). A study on patient compliance of tuberculosis enrolled under revised national tuberculosis control programme. National Journal Community Medicine, 5, 96-99.
Sano, Y., Antabe, R., Atuoye, K. N., Hussey, L. K., Bayne, J., Galaa, S. Z., & Luginaah, I. (2016). Persistent misconceptions about HIV transmission among males and females in Malawi. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 16(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12914-016-0089-8
Salari, A., Balasi, L. R., Ashouri, A., Moaddab, F., Zaersabet, F., & Nourisaeed, A. (2018). Medication adherence and its related factors in patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty. Journal of Caring Sciences, 7(4), 213-218. doi:10.15171/jcs.2018.032.
Sari, I. D., Mubasyiroh, R., & Supardi, S. (2017). Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan kepatuhan berobat pada pasien TB paru yang rawat jalan di Jakarta tahun 2014. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 26(4), 243-248. [Sari, I. D., Mubasyiroh, R., & Supardi, S. (2017). Relationship of knowledge and attitudes with outpatient pulmonary TB patients in Jakarta in 2014. Health Research and Development Media, 26 (4), 243-248.]
Scheurer, D., Choudhry, N., Swanton, K. A., Matlin, O., & Shrank, W. (2012). Association between different types of social support and medication adherence. The American Journal of Managed Care, 18(12), e461-467.
Sedjati, F. (2013). Hubungan antara efikasi diri dan dukungan sosial dengan kebermaknaan hidup pada penderita tuberkulosis paru di balai pengobatan penyakit paru-paru (BP4) Yogyakarta. Empathy Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi, 2(1). 1-16. [Sedjati, F. (2013). The relationship between self-efficacy and social support with the meaningfulness of life in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the lung disease treatment center (BP4) Yogyakarta. Empathy Journal of the Faculty of Psychology, 2 (1). 1-16.]
Sengupta, S., Pungrassami, P., Balthip, Q., Strauss, R., Kasetjaroen, Y., Chongsuvivatwong, V., & Van Rie, A. (2006). Social impact of tuberculosis in southern Thailand: Views from patients, care providers and the community. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(9), 1008-1012. doi:10.5588/ijtld.13.0181
Septia, A., Hd, S. R., & Sabrian, F., (2014). Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita TB paru. Jom Psik, 1(2), 1-10. [Septia, Septia, A., Hd, S. R., & Sabrian, F. (2014). (2014). Relationship of family support with consultation taking medicine for lung sufferers. Psychic Jom, 1 (2), 1-10.]
Shah, M., & Reed, C. (2014). Complications of tuberculosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 27(5), 403-410. doi:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000090
Shahin, W., Kennedy, G. A., & Stupans, I. (2019). The impact of personal and cultural beliefs on medication adherence of patients with chronic illnesses: A systematic review. Patient preference and adherence, 13, 1019-1034. doi:10.2147/PPA.S212046
Shamu, S., Kuwanda, L., Farirai, T., Guloba, G., Slabbert, J., & Nkhwashu, N. (2019). Study on knowledge about associated factors of tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV co-infection among young adults in two districts of South Africa. Plos One, 14(6), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217836
Siti Rahmalia, H. (2014). Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita tb paru. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) Bidang Ilmu Keperawatan, 1(2), 1-10. [Siti Rahmalia, H. (2014). The relationship of family support with consultation taking medicine for lung sufferers. Student Online Journal (JOM) in Nursing, 1 (2), 1-10.]
Skiles, M. P., Curtis, S. L., Angeles, G., Mullen, S., & Senik, T. (2018). Evaluating the impact of social support services on tuberculosis treatment default in Ukraine. Plos One, 13(8), e0199513, 1-13.
Spikes, T., Higgins, M., Quyyumi, A., Reilly, C., Pemu, P., & Dunbar, S. (2019). The relationship among health beliefs, depressive symptoms, medication adherence, and social support in African Americans with hypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 34(1), 44-51. doi:10.1097/JCN.0000000000000519,
Sreeramareddy, C. T., Kumar, H. H., & Arokiasamy, J. T. (2013). Prevalence of self-reported tuberculosis, knowledge about tuberculosis transmission and its determinants among adults in India: Results from a nation-wide cross-sectional household survey. BMC Infectious Diseases, 13(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-16
Sukartini, T., Hidayati, L., & Khoirunisa, N. (2019). Knowledge, family and social support, self efficacy and self-care behaviour in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, 14(2), 114-125. doi:10.20884/1.jks.2019.14.2.1011
Sundbom, L. T., & Bingefors, K. (2012). Women and men report different behaviours in, and reasons for medication non-adherence: A nationwide Swedish survey. Pharmacy Practice, 10(4), 207-221. doi:10.4321/s1886-36552012000400005
Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The new organizational wealth: Managing & measuring knowledge-based assets. San Fransisco, The United State of America: Berrett-Koehler.
Tachfouti, N., Slama, K., Berraho, M., Elfakir, S., Benjelloun, M. C., El Rhazi, K., & Nejjari, C. (2013). Determinants of tuberculosis treatment default in Morocco: Results from a national cohort study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 14, 1-7. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.14.121.2335
Taibanguay, N., Chaiamnuay, S., Asavatanabodee, P., & Narongroeknawin, P. (2019). Effect of patient education on medication adherence of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Patient Preference and Adherence, 13, 119-129. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S192008
Takaki, J., Wang, D. H., Takigawa, T., & Ogino, K. (2007). Gender, marital status, and compliance in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Dialysis & Transplantation, 36(6), 304-309. doi:10.1002/dat.20129
Tessema, B., Muche, A., Bekele, A., Reissig, D., Emmrich, F., & Sack, U. (2009). Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at Gondar University Teaching Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A five-year retrospective study. BioMed Central Public Health, 9(1) 1-8, 371.
Tolossa, D., Medhin, G., & Legesse, M. (2014). Community knowledge, attitude, and practices towards tuberculosis in Shinile town, Somali regional state, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1-13. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-804
Tucker, J. S., Burnam, M. A., Sherbourne, C. D., Kung, F.-Y., & Gifford, A. L. (2003). Substance use and mental health correlates of nonadherence to antiretroviral medications in a sample of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The American Journal of Medicine, 114(7), 573-580. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00093-7
Uchenna, O. U., Chukwu, J., Oshi, D., Nwafor, C., & Meka, A. (2014). Assessment of tuberculosis-related knowledge, attitudes and practices in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, 6(1), 1-9. doi:10.5897/JIDI2011.0020
Udlis, A. K. (2011). Self‐management in chronic illness: Concept and dimensional analysis. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness, 3(2), 130-139.
Ulfah, U., Windiyaningsih, C., Abidin, Z., & Murtiani, F. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan berobat pada penderita tuberkulosis paru. The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.32667/ijid.v4i1.44. [Ulfah, U., Windiyaningsih, C., Abidin, Z., & Murtiani, F. (2018). Factors associated with treatment compliance in iatients with lung tuberculosis. The Indonesian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4 (1). doi:10.32667/ijid.v4i1.44]
Urata, K., Hashimoto, K., Horiuchi, R., Fukui, K., & Arai, K. (2019). Impact of diabetes perceptions on medication adherence in Japan. Pharmacy, 7(4), 1-14. doi:10.3390/pharmacy7040144
van de Berg, S., Jansen-Aaldring, N., de Vries, G., & van den Hof, S. (2018). Patient support for tuberculosis patients in low-incidence countries: A systematic review. Plos One, 13(10), e0205433, 1-24. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205433
van Rie, A., Warren, R., Richardson, M., Victor, T. C., Gie, R. P., Enarson, D. A., & van Helden, P. D. (1999). Exogenous reinfection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 341(16), 1174-1179.
Vukovic, D., Nagorni-Obradovic, L., & Bjegovic, V. (2008). Knowledge and misconceptions of tuberculosis in the general population in Serbia. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 27(9), 761-767. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0511-9
Wang, J., Fei, Y., Shen, H., & Xu, B. (2008). Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: A cross-sectional study in a rural area of China. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-354
Wang, J., & Shen, H. (2009). Review of cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in China: Intervention is needed for smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-292
Webb, C. A., DeRubeis, R. J., & Barber, J. P. (2010). Therapist adherence/competence and treatment outcome: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 200-211. doi.org/10.1037/a0018912
WHO. (2018). Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva, Switzerland: The World Health Organisation.
Wilker, I., & Ambrose, M. (2014). Tuberculosis and superbugs: Examining TB and bacterial infections. New Jersey, The United State of America: Enslow Publishing.
Williams, F. E., Adesoye A. A., Jolayemi, E. T., Parakoyi, D. B., Awoyemi, A. O. Dominic, O. L., Kayode, & Nyamngee, A. (2013). Knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis (TB) among students of Kwara state college of education. Ilorin, Nigeria: Implication for health transformation for sustainable african development. 341-362.
Woodward, E. N., & Pantalone, D. W. (2012). The role of social support and negative affect in medication adherence for HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 23(5), 388-396. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2011.09.004
World Health Organization. (2015). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2015: Praising taxes on tobacco: World Health Organization.
Wu, J.-R., Lennie, T. A., Chung, M. L., Frazier, S. K., Dekker, R. L., Biddle, M. J., & Moser, D. K. (2012). Medication adherence mediates the relationship between marital status and cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure. Heart & Lung, 41(2), 107-114. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.09.009
Xue, Q., Wang, N., Xue, X., & Wang, J. (2011). Endobronchial tuberculosis: An overview. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 30(9), 1039-1044.
Yermi, Ardi, M., Lahming, Tahmir, S., & Pertiwi, N. (2018). Knowledge and attitudes with family role in prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in maros, Indonesia. Journal of Physics, 1028, 012001. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012001.
Yin, Z., Geng, G., Lan, X., Zhang, L., Wang, S., Zang, Y., & Peng, M. (2013). Status and determinants of health behavior knowledge among the elderly in China: A community-based cross-sectional study. BioMed Central Public Health, 13(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-710
Zuniga , J, A. (2012). Medication adherence in hispanics to latent tuberculosis. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 14, 23-29. doi:10.1007/s10903-010-9393-x.