本研究的目的是顯示系統農藥益達胺對成年斑馬魚的運動與社交行為的影響，並探討可否作為水中毒性物質的一種指標。斑馬魚是一種群居魚類，會表現出明顯的群聚、侵略、恐懼、或是警戒等行為，因此斑馬魚的行為表現可以作為重要的行為研究指標。本研究利用行為軌跡追蹤分析技術檢視斑馬魚運動行為，我們分析了單一斑馬魚在乾淨水域以及含有不同濃度益達胺水域環境中的運動軌跡。實驗結果顯示斑馬魚在不同濃度益達胺的水域環境中，均會顯著降低運動能力，而且隨著系統農藥益達胺濃度的增加或是浸泡天數的增加，斑馬魚的運動能力也會而呈現逐步降低的趨勢。
另外，我們進一步檢視益達胺對於成年斑馬魚社交行為的影響，透過分析兩個相鄰魚缸中斑馬魚的運動軌跡，在含益達胺水域環境中，不論是雌魚與雄魚間的吸引行為，或是雄魚與雄魚間的警戒行為均明顯降低。這些結果說明了成年斑馬魚在含益達胺的水域環境中確實會大大降低運動與社交的行為與能力，換言之，透過分析成年斑馬魚的運動與社交行為，應該可以作為偵測水中毒性物質的一種指標。

This study is aim to demonstrate that the effect of the pesticide imidacloprid in the motor and social behavior of adult zebrafish. We hope that the motor and social behavior of adult zebrafish could be used as a standard indicator in detecting toxic substances in water. Zebrafish is a fish that can exhibit clustering, aggression, fear, or alertness.
Therefore, zebrafish behavior can be used as an important behavioral research indicator. The study used the zebrafish behavior trajectory tracking analysis technology to check the motor and social behavior of adult zebrafish. To examine effects of imidacloprid in the motor behavior of adult zebrafish, we analyzed the trajectories of single zebrafish in the environment of clean water or contaminated water with different concentrations of imidacloprid. Our results showed those male and female zebrafish in contaminated water with different concentrations significantly decreased their motor ability than those of zebrafish in clean water. It was also found that the degree of reduction of the motor behavior of adult zebrafish was increased with both increase of the concentration of imidacloprid and the durations of exposed in contaminated water with imidacloprid.
We further examined the effect of imidacloprid in the social behavior of adult zebrafish. We found that mutual attraction was shown when the female and the male see each other, while mutual vigilance was shown when male and the male see each other. We further found that either mutual attraction or mutual vigilance was significantly reduced when zebrafish in contaminated water with imidacloprid. These results suggest that motor and social behavior of adult zebrafish can be an ideal animal model as a standard indicator in detecting toxic substances in water.

論文目錄
誌謝……Ⅰ
中文摘要……Ⅱ
ABSTRACT……Ⅲ
論文目錄……Ⅳ
圖目錄……Ⅴ
表目錄……Ⅶ
第一章 緒論……1
第二章 文獻探討……4
第三章 材料與方法……12 第四章 實驗結果……18 第五章 討論……29 第六章 結論……35 參考文獻……37 附錄 實驗圖表……48
圖目錄
圖2-2-1 斑馬魚行為觀察示意圖……9 圖3-0-1 實驗流程圖……13
圖3-3-1 第一階段記錄段示意圖……15 圖3-3-2 第二階段記錄段示意圖……15 圖3-4-1 給藥時間與觀察時間點示意圖(1) ……16 圖3-4-2 給藥時間與觀察時間點示意圖(2) ……16 圖4-1-1 雄性斑馬魚浸泡在不同濃度益達胺後的運動行為表現……20 圖4-1-2 雌性斑馬魚浸泡在不同濃度益達胺後的運動行為表現……21 圖4-1-3 雄性斑馬魚浸泡在10ppm益達胺連續五天之運動行為表現……23 圖4-1-4 雌性斑馬魚浸泡在10ppm益達胺連續五天之運動行為表現……24 圖4-1-5 雄性與雌性斑馬魚浸泡在10ppm益達胺12小時後之社交行為表現……26 圖4-1-6 雄性與雄性斑馬魚浸泡在10ppm益達胺12小時後之社交行為表現……27 附圖1 成年雄性斑馬魚浸泡在不同濃度益達胺之運動行為記錄……49 附圖2 成年雌性斑馬魚浸泡在不同濃度益達胺之運動行為記錄……51 附圖3 成年雄性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動行為記錄……53 附圖4 成年雌性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動行為記錄……55 附圖5 益達胺對成年雌性斑馬魚與雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動行為之記錄……57 附圖6 益達胺對成年雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動(警戒)行為之記錄……59
表目錄
表2-1-1 益達胺分子結構、分子式、分子量表 ……7
表4-1-1 雄性斑馬魚在乾淨水域(Sham)及在含有1pp、10ppm和50 ppm濃度之益達胺的水域環境中12小時後的運動記錄……19 表4-1-2 雌性斑馬魚在乾淨水域(Sham)及在含有1pp、10ppm和50 ppm濃度之益達胺的水域環境中12小時後的運動記錄……21 表4-1-3 成年雄性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動記錄……23 表4-1-4 成年雌性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動記錄……24 表4-2-5 益達胺對成年雌性斑馬魚與雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動行為之運動記錄……25 表4-2-6 益達胺對成年雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動行為之運動記錄……27 附表1 雄性斑馬魚在乾淨水域(Sham)及在含有1pp、10ppm和50 ppm濃度之益達胺的水域環境中12小時後的運動記錄……49 附表2 雌性斑馬魚在乾淨水域(Sham)及在含有1pp、10ppm和50 ppm濃度之益達胺的水域環境中12小時後的運動記錄……51 附表3 成年雄性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動記錄……53 附表4 成年雌性斑馬魚浸泡在固定濃度(10ppm)益達胺連續5天後之運動記錄……55 附表5 益達胺對成年雌性斑馬魚與雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動行為之運動記錄……57 附表6 益達胺對成年雄性斑馬魚之間的社會互動行為之運動記錄……59

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