豐田閃玉礦床出現於蛇紋岩體和片岩接觸帶，並常與透輝石一同以透鏡體或脈狀相鄰產出，然而前人研究卻鮮少針對閃玉與透輝石脈的接觸關係進行探討。因此本研究透過豐田閃玉帶上的閃玉礦場包含：理新礦場、山益與天星礦場之地質調查， 針對閃玉換質剖面產出之岩石如：蛇紋岩、閃玉、透輝石脈之採樣，並以X光粉末繞射儀、拉曼光譜儀、掃描式電子顯微鏡及能量散佈光譜儀與電子微探分析儀分析之，以獲取此換質剖面之礦物生長序列。分析結果顯示研究於豐田地區所採集之蛇紋岩樣品主要由葉蛇紋石，磁鐵礦和鉻鐵礦組成，而岩體裂隙中則由纖蛇紋石、滑石和斜鎂綠泥石充填。閃玉則由透閃石－陽起石、鉻鐵礦，與少量的滑石、斜鎂綠泥石和軟錳礦所組成。另透輝石脈中除透輝石本體，並有鈣鐵榴石、鈣鋁榴石、鉻鐵礦，斜鎂綠泥石，和微量的紅鎳礦生長其中，並被方解石或透閃石細脈侵入。根據岩樣的產狀觀察與細部分析比較後，研究進一步發現呈現深色且不透光之金屬氧化礦物的數量在蛇紋岩、閃玉、透輝石脈中依序遞減。蛇紋岩和閃玉中的鉻體礦從核心到外圍的Fe3+和Cr3+逐漸增加，其核心接近尖晶石成分富含Al 和Mg的成分。這原始的尖晶石和鉻鐵礦成份可能源自於橄欖石母岩。環帶狀鉻鐵礦的組成從內部核心以Al含量為主轉變到外部以Fe含量為主的鉻鐵礦，並且伴隨著Mn 和Zn含量的增加。在換質過程中蛇紋岩中的磁鐵礦溶解，造成閃玉中只剩下殘留的鉻鐵礦，同時鉻鐵礦的外圍Mn含量減少卻增加了更多的Zn含量。最後，透輝石生成的階段，Al從含鋁之鉻鐵礦內部區域擴散出來，並形成石榴石礦物，且留下更均質的富鐵鉻鐵礦。因此我們認為透輝石脈是與閃玉同時或於其後形成的。

Fengtien nephrite deposit is emplaced between serpentinite and schist, but it always intergrows with diopside in a lens shape or vein structure. Since previous studies did not discuss the relation between nephrite and diopside-vein, we therefore investigated three nephrite mines: Lixin mine, Shanyi mine and Tianxing mine, and collected serpentinite, nephrite and diopside-vein samples to conduct the XRD, Raman, SEM-EDS and EPMA experiments in order to evaluate their formation sequences. Serpentinite samples from Fengtien area are mainly composed of antigorite, magnetite, and chromite, and the fractures are partly filled by chrysotile, talc, and clinochlore. Fengtien nephrite comprises tremolite, actinolite and chromite with minor talc, clinochlore, and pyrolusite. In general, the diopside-vein consists of diopside, andradite, grossular, chromite, clinochlore, with minor nickeline and partially intruded by calcite or tremolite veinlet. Based on our observation, we found that the amount of black metal-oxide minerals decreases from serpentinite to nephrite, and from nephrite to diopside-vein. Fe2+ and Cr3+ are enriched from inner core to the rim of chromite both in serpentinite and nephrite. Al and Mg which concentrated in the core of chromite are close to spinel composition. The original spinel and chromite phase may originate from the peridotite. The composition of zoning chromite changes from Al-chromite in the core to Fe-chromite in the rim and accompanies the enrichment of Mn and Zn concentrations. During the metasomatism process magnetite within serpentinite dissolved and remained chromite within nephrite. By this stage, the outer rim of chromite dissolved and decreased Mn content, but increased Zn content. At the last stage of diopside deposit, Al diffused from the inner zone (Al-chromite) to form garnet minerals and left more homogeneous Fe-chromite. Therefore, we considered that diopside-vein is formed concurrently or subsequently with the formation of nephrite.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
LIST OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURE VI
LIST OF TABLE IX
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background of Study 1
1.2. Objectives of Study 2
1.3. Location of Study Area 2
1.4. Previous Study 3
CAHPTER II REGIONAL GEOLOGY 9
2.1. Regional Metamorphic Events and Tectonic Evolution 9
2.2. Regional Lithostratigraphy 12
2.3. Regional Geomorphology 13
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS 15
3.1. Research Process 15
3.2. Analytical Method 16
2.2.1. Petrography Analysis 16
2.2.2. X-Ray Diffraction (XDR) 17
2.2.3. Raman Spectroscopy 19
2.2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive
Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) 20
2.2.5. Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) 22
CHAPTER IV RESULTS 28
4.1. Field Observation Result 28
4.2. Lithology Description 31
4.3. Mineral Compositions 37
4.3.1. Thin Section Result 37
4.3.2. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis Result 38
4.3.3. X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Result 42
4.3.4. Summary of Mineral Assemblages 51
4.4. Chemical Analysis Data 51
CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 68
5.1. Geological Profile of Fengtien Nephrite Deposit and Related Rocks 68
5.2. Mineral Properties of Fengtien Serpentinite, Nephrite and
Diopside-Vein 71
5.3. Chemical Compositions of Black Metal Oxide Minerals Within
Fengtien Serpentinite, Nephrite and DiopsideVein 73
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSSION 83
REFFERENCES 84
APPENDIX 80
Appendix 1. Outcrop and Sample Locations 87
Appendix 2. List of Analyzed Samples and Minerals Assemblages 90
Appendix 3. More EPMA Pictures (Elemental Mapping) 96
 

Arai, S., and Akizawa, N., 2014, Precipitaion and Dissolution of Chromite by Hydrothermal Solutions in the Oman Ophiolite: New Behavior of Cr and Chromite, American Mineralogist 99, 28-34.
Barnes, H.L., 1997, Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits, John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 992.
Chen, C.H., Ho, H.C., Shea, K.S., Lo, W., Lin, W.H., Chang, H.C., Huang, C.S., Lin,
C.W., Chen, G.H., Yang, C.N., and Lee, Y.H. (2000) Geological Map of Taiwan:
Central Geological Survey, Scale: 1:500,000.
Chen, P.Y., 1977, Table of Key Lines in X-Ray Powder Diffraction Patterns of Minerals in Clays and Assosiated Rocks, Departement of Natural Resoreces Geological Survey Occasional Paper 21, Indiana.
Chen, W.S., Chung, S.L., Chou, H.Y., Zugeerbai, Z., Shao, W.Y., and Lee, Y.H. (2017)
A reinterpretation of the metamorphic Yuli belt: Evidence for a middle-late
Miocene accretionary prism in eastern Taiwan. Tectonics 36, 188-206.
Colas, V., Jimenes, J.M., Griffin, W.L., Fanlo, I., Gervilla, F., O’Reilly, S.Y., Pearson, N.J., Kerestedjian, T., Proenza, J.A., 2014, Fingerprints of Metamorphism in Chromite: New Insight from Minor and Trace Elements, Chemical Geology 389, 137-152.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J., 1965, An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals, Second Edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, USA, pp. 498.
Evans, A.M., 1993, Ore Geology and Industrial Mineral, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, pp. 400.
Harlow, G.E., and Sorensen, S.S., 2005, Jade (Nephrite and Jadeitite) and Serpentinite: Metasomatic Connections, International Geology Review, 47, 1-70.
Harlow, G. E., Sorensen, S. S., and Sisson, V. B., 2007, Jade, The Geology of Gem Deposits, Short Course Handbook Series, 37, Mineralogical Association of Canada, Quebec, pp. 254.
Ho, C. S., 1988, An Introduction to The Geology of Taiwan Explanatory Text of the Geologic Map of Taiwan, Central Geological Survey, The Ministry of Economic Affairs Taiwan, Republic of China, pp. 192.
Iizuka, Y., and Hung, H.C., 2005, Archaeomineralogy of Taiwan Nephrite, Journal of Austronesian Studies 1 (1), 33-79.
Iizuka Y., Bellwood P., Hung H.C., Dizon E.Z., 2005, A Non Destructive Mineralogical Study of Nephritic Artifacts from Itbayat Island, Batanes, northern Philippines, Journal of Austronesian Studies, 80-105.
Lin Jia Yin, 2017, Serpentinite and Nephrite of Tianxing Mine in Fengtien, Master Thesis: Institute of Earth Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, pp.87.
Liu, Y., Deng, J., Shi, G., Lu, T., He, H., Ng, Y. N., Shen, C., Yang, L. and Wang, Q., 2010, Chemical zone of nephrite in Alamas, Xinjiang, China. Resource Geology 60(3), 249-259.
Kimball, K. L. (1990). Effects of hydrothermal alteration on the compositions of chromian spinels. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 105 (3), 337-346.
Kerr, P.F., 1959, Optical Mineralogy, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, pp. 442.
Kraus, E.H., Hunt, W.F., dan Ramsdell, L.S., 1951, Introduction to the Study of Minerals and Crystals, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, pp. 664.
Sibuet, J.C., & Hsu, S.K., 2004, How was Taiwan Created, Tectonophysics 379, 159- 181.
Stevens, R.E., 1944, Composition of some chromites of the western Hemisphere, American Mineralogist 29, 1–34.
Tan, L. P., Lee, C. W., and Tien, P. L., 1978, Mineralogy of the nephrite in the Fengtien area, Hualien, Taiwan. National Science Council Spec. Pub. 1, 1-28.
Tan, L. P., and Tsui, P. C., 1978, Trace elements and color of the Fengtien nephrite, Taiwan, National Science Council Spec, Pub. 1, 29-41.
Tsai, C.H., Iizuka, Y., and Ernst, W.G., 2013, Diverse mineral compositions, textures, and metamorphic P-T conditions of the glaucophane-bearing rocks in the Tamayen mélange, Yuli belt, eastern Taiwan, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 63, 218-233.
Wu, K.H., 2020, Investigation About The Occurences and Genesis of Diopside Veins in Lixin Mine, Fengtien Area, Hualien, Master Thesis, Institute of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, pp. 145.
Yui, T.F. and Lee, C.W., 1980, Metasomatism of ultramafic rocks from Laonaoshan, eastern slope of the Central Range, Taiwan, Proceedings of the Geological Society of China, 23, 92-104.
Yui, T.F., Okamoto, K., Usuki, T., Lan, C.Y., Chu, H.T., and Liou, J.G., 2009, Late Triassic–Late Cretaceous accretion/subduction in the Taiwan region along the eastern margin of South China – evidence from zircon SHRIMP dating, International Geology Review 51, 304–328.
Yui, T.F., Usuki, T., Chen, C.Y., Ishida, A., Sano, Y., Suga, K., and Iizuka, Y, 2014, Dating thin zircon rims by NanoSIMS: the Fengtien nephrite (Taiwan) is the youngest jade on Earth, International Geology Review 16, 1932-1944.
Yui, T.F., Yeh, H.W., and Lee, C.W. (1990) A stable isotope study of serpentinization in the Fengtien ophiolite, Taiwan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 54,1417-1426.
Zhang C., Yu, X.Y., Jiang T.L., 2018, Mineral association and graphite inclusions in nephrite jade from Liaoning, northeast China: Implications for metamorphic conditions and ore genesis, Geosciences Frontiers 10 (2), 425-437.

中文文獻
台灣省礦物局 (1975) 台灣之軟玉礦床與礦業。台灣省礦物局，共36頁。
陳文山 (2016) 臺灣地質概論。中華民國地質學會，共204頁。
陳其瑞 (1981) 變質沉積岩研究。軟玉礦床探勘開發計畫執行成果報告，經濟部，共35頁。