臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

海洋垃圾是一個普遍存在的問題，且對於自然環境、公共健康及經濟皆產生許多負面的影響。韓國和臺灣皆靠近西北太平洋垃圾漂流帶，且皆面臨海洋廢棄物管理不善的問題，並具有發達的漁業活動，所以漁港使用頻繁。然而，儘管漁港是許多利益相關者相互聯繫的重要場所，卻少有研究關注漁港的海洋垃圾，以及港口周圍的人類認知及行為如何影響港口中的垃圾堆積。在本研究中，我們比較了韓國和台灣漁港的海洋廢棄物清除政策及周邊居民對於漁港垃圾的認知差異，並調查基隆四個漁港的海漂垃圾分佈密度及組成。我們首先使用文獻回顧法比較兩國海洋廢棄物的政策發展。接著我們分別在韓國釜山和台灣基隆進行了問卷調查，瞭解當地人對於漁港垃圾問題和港口清潔活動的看法。此外，我們亦使用穿越線隨機抽樣調查了基隆漁港海洋垃圾的密度分佈，量化港口邊緣的海洋漂漂流物數量和類型，並試圖瞭解影響漁港海洋垃圾密度的因素。我們的研究發現，在台灣，政府為政策主導者，再由許多單位參與實施政策；相對的，韓國則根據法律對特定單位進行補貼，並由授權單位自行領導該政策。在地問卷調查則發現，韓國釜山在在地居民對海洋廢棄物的關心程度顯著較臺灣基隆的居民為高。而在基隆，年齡、居住地、來到漁港的目的以及對海洋廢棄物的認知，會影響居民處理垃圾的行為以及對於海洋廢棄物問題的關注程度；在釜山，對於海洋廢棄物來源的認知和其清潔行為以及關注程度是有關聯的。而基隆漁港的調查則顯示，停泊在港口的漁船數量和港口的大小，與港口的海洋廢棄物的密度成顯著正相關。本研究能使我們深入地了解海洋廢棄物堆積的因素，並有助於有效地清除漁港垃圾。

Marine debris is a pervasive problem which has negative impacts on ecosystems, public health and the economy. Both South Korea and Taiwan are located within regions suffering from high levels of mismanaged plastic waste because they are close to the Western Garbage Patch as well as some of the biggest sources of oceanic plastic pollution. The fishing industry in both countries is active, indicated by the frequent use of their fishing ports. Although fishing ports are where many stakeholders interact with each other, few studies have explored the marine debris issues in fishing ports. In this study, we aim to compare the marine debris management for fishing ports in South Korea and Taiwan. We first compared the policy of marine debris cleaning in fishing ports for both countries using a literature review. We then conducted questionnaire surveys in the fishing ports in Busan, South Korea, and Keelung, Taiwan, to compare the locals' perception toward marine debris issues and the dumping and cleaning behaviors at the ports. In addition, we quantified the volume and types of marine debris at the fishing ports in Keelung, Taiwan, and also investigated the factors for the density of marine debris, using transect sampling. We found that the government of Taiwan leads marine debris management policy, while many authorizations get involved in implementation; whereas South Korea subsides one authorization to lead and implement the policy. Our survey showed that locals in Busan are more concerned with the marine debris problem than the ones interviewed in Keelung. In Keelung, age, residency, purpose to come to the ports and the awareness about the marine debris problem correlated with the littering frequency and the degree of concern of locals. In contrast, awareness and perceived causes of marine debris have a significant relationship with the cleaning frequency and the degree of concern in Busan. Our transect survey in Keelung indicated that the size of fishing ports, and the number of fishing vessels in the ports positively correlated with the density of marine debris. By understanding the factors of marine debris at fishing ports, our research will assist plans and activities on cleaning the garbage in fishing ports more efficiently.

摘要
Abstract
TABLE OF CONTENTS III
List of figure V
List of table VII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Preface 1
1.2 Marine debris research overview 1
1.2.1 The impacts of marine debris 2
1.2.2 Floating marine debris 3
1.2.3 Marine debris accumulating at coasts 3
1.3 Human behaviours and perceptions toward marine debris 4
1.4 Rationale of comparing Taiwan and South Korea 5
1.5 Marine debris policies and researches in South Korea and Taiwan 5
1.5.1 South Korea 5
1.5.2 Taiwan 7
1.6 Objectives 9
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 10
2.1 Review for the policies of cleaning marine debris at fishing ports 10
2.2 Questionnaire survey 10
2.2.1 Study area 10
2.2.2 Questionnaire survey 11
2.3 Port surveys for marine litter in fishing ports in Keelung, Taiwan 11
2.4 Statistical analysis 13
Chapter 3 Results 14
3.1 Policies of marine litter management in fishing ports in Taiwan and South Korea 14
3.1.1 Taiwan 14
3.1.2 South Korea 16
3.2 Questionnaire survey 19
3.2.1 Questionnaire answer proportion 20
3.2.2 Statically significant questions 25
3.3 Port survey for marine debris in Keelung, Taiwan 30
3.3.1 Density 30
3.3.2 Composition 31
3.3.3 Sources 34
3.3.4 Predictors of the density of marine debris at fishing ports 34
Chapter 4 Discussion 36
4.1 Policy comparison 36
4.1.1 Regulation 36
4.1.2 Compliance 37
4.1.3 Incentive program 37
4.2 People’s perception toward marine debris at the port 37
4.3 Density and composition of marine debris at ports in Keelung 38
Chapter 5 Conclusions 40
Chapter 6 References 41
Chapter 7 Appendix 47

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