潛行遊戲的主要目標是要求玩家在不被發現的情況下完成指定的目標，設計者在設計關卡時為了避免關卡太困難，會將遊戲裡的敵方NPC行為設計成較單一的模式，但這樣的設計也容易讓遊戲玩法的多樣性降低。因此本研究提出一種新的NPC行為，使NPC在偵測到玩家的行蹤後會將懷疑的位置加進巡邏路線裡，讓他們能對應玩家的行為動態改變自己的巡邏路徑。
本研究先透過擴散障礙物的方法在障礙物中間生成巡邏路線的參考無向圖，再從無向圖中遍歷出敵方NPC的巡邏路線，並於遊戲中利用巡邏路線的參考圖將新的巡邏點透過深度搜尋方式產生新的路線分支與原有的路線結合，得到新的巡邏路線。
本研究設計針對同一關卡，設計 NPC 會動態變更路線與固定路線兩種潛行遊戲供測試者測試，並記錄玩家對潛行遊戲關卡配置會動態變更巡邏路線的NPC的看法。經過20位受測者的測試回饋後顯示，受測者在不知道 NPC 會動態變更路線的前提下，他們大部分無法明確發現NPC是否變換路線，但仍會受 NPC 較不固定的行為影響而覺得關卡有挑戰性。並且在了解動態變更路線的機制後，受測者都表示想要再嘗試，也在遊玩中做出與一般固定路線不一樣的行為與過關方式。

Stealth games are a genre of games that require the players not to be noticed by non-player characters (NPCs) in order to successfully achieve the goals. In an attempt to avoid making the levels too difficult, game designers will make NPCs patrol with fixed routes. However, this kind of design tends to reduce the variety of gameplay. Therefore, this study proposed a new NPC behavior where NPCs will add locations that have seen the player's tracks to their patrol paths at the end of their search.
In this study, the patrol system first generates an undirected map of the patrol route between obstacles by expanding all edges, flooding outward from obstacles, and inward from the boundary. The patrol system then uses it to generate the NPCs’ patrol routes. In addition, NPCs will also use the undirected map to generate new patrol routes by connecting new locations with existing routes via Depth-First Search (DFS).
This study designed two stealth levels, Dynamic Route Change and Fixed Route, on the same map for testing. Players’ impressions of NPCs that dynamically change their patrol routes were recorded during the course of the test. After feedback from 20 test subjects. Most participants were unaware that NPCs changing routes, but they found the level challenging due to the more erratic behavior of the NPCs. Once they understood the mechanism of NPCs dynamically changing routes, they all expressed they wanted to try again. And they also acted differently in the game than they did in the fixed-route levels.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 1
第三節 研究範圍與限制 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 潛行遊戲 3
第二節 潛行遊戲的人工智慧 4
第三節 潛行遊戲的巡邏系統 11
第四節 潛行遊戲給予玩家之體驗 16
第五節 小結 18
第三章 研究方法 19
第一節 巡邏路線生成 19
第二節 動態變更巡邏路線 32
第三節 敵方NPC行為 33
第四節 研究工具設計 36
一、 遊戲說明 36
二、 資料蒐集 39
第四章 實驗結果與討論 40
第一節 路線規劃成果 40
第二節 問卷數據分析 42
第三節 觀察遊玩情形與訪談結論分析 44
第五章 結論與建議 45
第一節 研究結論 45
一、 自動生成敵方NPC的巡邏路徑，並能動態改變敵方NPC的巡邏路線 45
二、 了解玩家對敵方NPC能動態調整巡邏路線的看法 45
第二節 未來建議 46

一、英文文獻
Borodovski, A. (2016). Pathfinding in dynamically changing stealth games with distractions (Master’s thesis, McGill University, Montréal). Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PATHFINDING-IN-DYNAMICALLY-CHANGING-STEALTH-GAMES-Borodovski/412babc908ea380418ab61ee105bad2f6396fdd6

Hu, M. (2014). Game Design Patterns for Designing Stealth Computer Games (Master’s Thesis).Retrieved from http://muep.mau.se/handle/2043/18179

Isla, D. (2013). Third Eye Crime: Building a Stealth Game Around Occupancy
Maps. In AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive
Digital Entertainment. Retrieved from https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AIIDE/AIIDE13/paper/view/7562

Khatib, Y. (2013). Examining the Essentials of Stealth Game Design
(Dissertation).Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1882

Román, A.E. (2018). Development of a stealth game with multi-agent
artificial intelligence (Bachelor’s thesis). Retrieved from
http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/130968

Smith, R. (2002). Design Fundamentals of Stealth Gameplay in the Thief
series. Game Developers Conference (GDC2002). San Jose: ionstorm.com.

Smith, R. (2006). Level Building for Stleath Gameplay. Game Developers
Conference (GDC 2006). San Jose: Tiger Style.

Xu, Q., Tremblay, J., & Verbrugge, C. (2014). Generative methods for guard
and camera placement in stealth games. In Proceedings of the Tenth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE’14). AAAI Press, 87–93.

Xu, Q., Tremblay, J., & Verbrugge, C. (2014). Procedural guard placement
for stealth games. In Fifth Workshop on Procedural Content Generation in Games (PCG 2014).

二、網路文獻
Alkaisy, C. (2011, June 10) The history and meaning behind the 'Stealth genre' [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from
https://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/CaseyAlkaisy/20110610/89616/The_history_and_meaning_behind_the_Stealth_genre.php

Kumar, M. (2012, December 3) Mark of the Ninja's five stealth design rules [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/182368/Mark_of_the_Ninjas_five_stealth_design_rules.php

Leonard, T. (2003, March 7) Building an AI Sensory System: Examining The Design of Thief: The Dark Project [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131297/building_an_ai_sensory_system_.php