臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

都市規劃理論聚焦於快速都市化之過程，及其不斷擴張與成長之現象所衍生而來的各種社會、經濟與環境面向之影響(諸如：交通壅塞、住房緊縮等)。然而，在全球許多都市成長的同時，也有許多鄉村或都市因其區位發展之劣勢，導致人口、經濟逐漸衰退或萎縮。這些現象使得都市或鄉村之發展產生結構性變化，並且帶來許多負面問題，如：高齡化、少子化、生活品質惡化、人才外流、缺乏創新能力等。而我國之都市及鄉村發展在全球化經濟發展的洪流下，也同時受到外部因素及區域內部因素影響，而導致人口與經濟結構變遷。部分都市及鄉村地區逐漸衰退或萎縮，而這些現象將為整個社會帶來嚴峻的挑戰及社會成本。因此，在提出一套有別於過去成長導向思維的城鄉治理政策之前，找出萎縮地區、了解其萎縮性質及影響萎縮之相關因素是必要的作業。

而本研究透過三階段分析過程，探討我國戰後至今城鄉發展格局之變遷、後工業化發展時期之萎縮城鄉類型與分布情形，以及萎縮之原因。由全國層級之分析結果得知，自1956年起至今，我國之人口發展空間格局呈現北台灣與南台灣之地理不均衡的發展現象，南部城市區域為人口萎縮之熱區。相反的，北部城市區域則成為了人口成長之熱區。然而，就區域層級之分析結果發現，於整體呈現成長之區域範圍內，仍有部分地區呈現萎縮之情形。該現象顯示，成長與萎縮將同時存在於同一區域範圍，一地區之成長或萎縮，可能因周邊地區之推拉作用所致。此外，透過二維類型分析（人口與經濟面向），將我國萎縮城鄉加以區分為5種類型，分類結果顯示，其主要集中於苗栗縣及彰化縣以南之地區。最後，透過多元迴歸分析，得知經濟衰退與人口老化現象，將影響萎縮地區之發展，使得萎縮所帶來的負面影響更為嚴重。

Urban planning theories focused on rapid urbanization processes and its effects on social, economic, and environmental aspects, such as traffic congestions, housing stress, arising from the continuous expansion and growth of cities. However, there are many cities and rural areas facing a gradual decline or shrinking in population and economy due to the disadvantages of their location. These phenomena have caused structural changes in urban and rural development, and brought with many negative consequences, including population aging, declining birthrate, deteriorating quality of life, brain drain, lack of innovation ability, etc. Under the influences of globalization, the urban and rural development in Taiwan is also affected by external and internal factors, which have led to the changes in population and economic structure. Some urban and rural areas are gradually declining or shrinking. These phenomena will bring severe challenges and social costs to the entire society. Therefore, we need to propose a set of policies of urban and rural governance that are different from growth-oriented thinking in the past. Before executing the above-mentioned policies, it is necessary to find out the shrinking area, understand the characteristics and reasons of shrinkage.

A three-stages analysis was applied in this study to investigates the changes of urban and rural development patterns in Taiwan after World War II, the types and distribution of shrinking areas in the post-industrial period, and the causes of shrinkage. According to the results of the national-level analysis, the spatial pattern of population development in Taiwan has shown an uneven geographical development between northern and southern Taiwan since 1956. The districts in the southern region were the hot spots of population shrinkage. In contrast, the districts in the northern region have become the hot spots of population growth. However, the analysis of the regional-level found that there are still some shrinking areas within the overall growth area. It shows that the phenomenon of growth and shrinkage have coexisted in the same area at the same time. The growth or shrinkage of an area may be caused by the pushing and pulling forces of surrounding areas. Also, through a two-dimensional matrix analysis, Taiwan’s shrinking cities and rural areas are divided into five types. The results show that they are mainly concentrated in Miaoli County and the southern areas of Changhua County. Finally, according to the results of multiple regression analysis, the economic recession and population aging will affect the development of shrinking areas, and causing the negative effects of shrinking more serious.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究範圍 4

第二章 文獻回顧 5
第一節 萎縮城鄉 5
第二節 萎縮城鄉之因果關係與評估指標 11
第三節 萎縮城鄉之研究面向 15
第四節 台灣城鄉之時空發展脈絡 19
第五節 小結 22

第三章 研究設計 25
第一節 研究流程 25
第二節 分析方法 37

第四章 台灣萎縮城鄉時空格局分析 43
第一節 戰後台灣城鄉時空格局分析 44
第二節 後工業化發展時期之萎縮城鄉分類 61
第三節 造成一地區萎縮之因素分析 74
第四節 分析結果綜合討論 83

第五章 結論與建議 87
第一節 結論 87
第二節 後續研究建議 88

參考文獻 91

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三、網頁資料
臺北市信義區公所（2014/09/10），歷史沿革，「臺北市信義區公所」，https://xydo.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=F82B7BC31E0E7A57。