臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2018年台灣國民健康署公告指出，每3位19歲以上國民就有1人為代謝症候群。而美國糖尿病協會亦將代謝症候群視為預測糖尿病與心血管疾病的重要指標。但臨床使用的降血糖藥物仍伴隨各種副作用，因此使用天然食材也成為用藥前的替代療法。
薏苡學名為Coix lacryma-jobi，屬禾本科。本實驗室選用台中4號薏仁，透過擠壓加工製造之即食產品，相較於市售薏仁產品有較高比例的慢性消化澱粉 (Slow digestive starch)，具有平穩飯後血糖的潛力。本研究透過人體試驗，將受試者分為實驗組或控制組，以前述糙薏仁產品或安慰劑取代早餐的澱粉類，觀察三個月中受試者空腹血糖與醣化血色素之變化。因薏苡組成中，以其固醇類的β-谷固醇 (β-sitosterol)、豆固醇 (Stigmasterol)為主要成分。本研究擬利用Cho-K1細胞，探討薏仁產品中的固醇類可能調節血糖的分子機制。
人體試驗結果顯示，比較全部的受試者，與控制組相比，薏仁組無顯著調降血糖功效。但對於血糖值較高的受試者在第4週及第8週有較明顯調節的效果，此與過去曾有研究指出糙薏仁對第二型糖尿病患者有顯著調節血糖效果的結果相符。此外，細胞實驗結果顯示，薏仁產品中的固醇類含量可增加pAKT的表現量，可增加胰島素的感性。因此推測薏仁產品可至少可部分透過其中的植物固醇來調節血糖。

According to the report from the Taiwan Health Promotion Administration in 2018, one out of every three people who are 19-year-old or older has metabolic syndrome. The American Diabetes Association also pointed out metabolic syndrome is one of the most important indicators of getting type 2 diabetes. However, clinical anti-diabetic agents combined with several side effects, natural foods are thus used as an interference.
Adlay is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Previously, we employed a specific processing condition that remained the highest content of slowly digestive starch in the dehulled adlay product when compared with the commercial adlay products in marketing, which can lower post-meal blood glucose. We then conducted a clinical trial to compare the efficacy of the adlay product to the control product made of rice in modulating the blood glucose of people with high blood glucose levels for three months. Moreover, using the Cho-K1 cell line, we also investigated the glucose modulating effect of phytosterols in equal amount of the adlay product.
We concluded that people who consumed the adlay product do not significantly lower their blood glucose levels than that of the white rice group. However, people with higher blood glucose baseline of the adlay product group approved more blood glucose than the white rice group at 4 and 8 weeks. This result was consistent with a previous study in which the author observed that dehulled adlay can significantly regulate blood glucose on subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the cell study, we approved that the major phytosterols in the adlay product can increase pAKT expression and insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, our adlay product can regulate blood glucose, at least partially through its phytosterols.

謝誌………………………………………………………………………………………i
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………...…ii
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...iii
目錄………………………………………………………………………………..........v
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………........viii
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………..........ix
詞彙縮寫表………………………………………………………………………...........x
第一章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………..……...1
第一節、薏苡簡介……………………………………………………..……..….1
一、薏苡成分分析……………………………………………..……….1
二、薏苡成分之功效…………………………………..……………………….1
第二節、代謝症候群………………………………………………………..…..….6
一、代謝症候群與高血糖……………………………………………..…….....6
二、臨床上調節血糖之藥物及方法…………………………..……………….6
三、慢性消化澱粉與血糖調節探討…………………………………………...8
四、 誘導高血糖之生理機轉………………………………………………….9
第二章 研究目的與實驗架構…………………………………………………..…….11
第一節、研究目的………………………………..………………………..…….11
第二節、實驗架構………………………………..………………………..…….12
一、人體試驗流程設計……………………….………………….……..…….12
二、細胞實驗設計……………………….………………….…………..…….14
第三章 材料與方法……………………….………………….…………..………..….16
第一節、實驗材料………………….………………….…………..………....….16
一、材料………………………….………………….…………..………....….16
二、化學藥品及試劑套組……….………………….…………..………....….16
三、耗材與儀器設備……….………………….…………..……….........….18
第二節、實驗方法……….………………….…………..……...…….............….20
一、細胞培養……….………………….…………..……...…….................….20
二、2-NBDG葡萄糖攝取試驗……….…………..……...……..................….21
三、細胞存活率試驗……….…………..……...……................................…..21
四、蛋白質濃度定量……….…………..……...……................................…..22
五、十二烷基硫酸鈉聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳…...……................................…..22
六、西方墨點法……….………………...……...……................................…..24
七、細胞膜分層分離….………………...……...……................................…..26
八、人體試驗……………………...……...…….........................................…..28
第四章 結果與討論……………………...……...…….........................................…33
第一節、人體試驗結果分析………...……...……...........................................…33
一、受試者基本資料……………...……...……...........................................…33
二、薏仁產品對禁食血糖之影響..……...……...........................................….36
三、薏仁產品對糖化血色素的影響…...……...........................................…...47
四、人體試驗結果小結……………...……...……...........................................57
第二節、細胞實驗結果分析…………...……...……...........................................58
一、細胞存活率試驗…………...……...……...................................................58
二、葡萄糖攝取實驗…………...……...……...................................................60
三、薏苡中植物固醇對血糖調節路徑之調控.................................................62
四、葡萄糖轉運蛋白移轉試驗...……...……...................................................64
五、細胞實驗結果小結...……...……...............................................................66
第五章 結論...……...…….........................................................................................67
第六章 參考文獻...……............................................................................................68
第七章 附錄...……...…….........................................................................................74

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