臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要研究行動通訊毫米波頻段的功率偵測系統，操作頻率為Ka頻段，以28 GHz作為系統的中心頻率，符合毫米波第五代通訊系統，應用於多輸入多輸出陣列天線的校正上，本論文將會提出兩顆晶片分別為低功耗功率偵測系統以及自動功率偵測系統，為了增加功率偵測系統的動態範圍，晶片中使用可切換變壓器與數位可變增益放大器架構使功率偵測系統有四種不同的轉移曲線。
本論文第一顆晶片先提出28 GHz低功耗之可切換功率偵測系統，使用TSMC 90 nm CMOS製程實現，設計過程中加入了電流再利用技術與雙變壓器耦合使放大器能於低功耗時產生足夠的增益，並採用可切換式變壓器，透過開關控制轉移曲線平移，提高靈敏度，於28 GHz下量測所得的功率偵測範圍為-42 dBm ~ 6 dBm，動態範圍為48 dB，靈敏度為25 mV/ dB以上，靜態功耗為10.8 mW。
第二顆晶片則提出28 GHz 具高線性度與高解析度自動切換功率偵測系統，使用TSMC 180 nm CMOS製程實現，採用改良史密特觸發器，可依輸入功率自動切換，數位可變增益放大器讓不同模式下的轉移曲線維持相同的線性度，於28 GHz下量測所得的功率偵測範圍為-39 dBm ~ 7 dBm，動態範圍為46 dB，靈敏度為40 mV/ dB以上，靜態直流功耗為36 mW。
最終本論文的晶片達成MIMO天線校正的規格，且能應用於家裡環境的5米距離，並能對陣列天線的波束場型有著更快速的校正，帶來極大的貢獻。

This thesis presents two power detector systems in Ka band with center frequency at 28 GHz. The power detector system will be applied to the calibration of antenna array at the millimeter wave band for fifth-generation communication system. This thesis will propose two chips as low-power power detector system and automatic power detector system. To increase the dynamic range of the detector system, switchable amplifiers and digital variable gain amplifier are used.
The first chip is a 28 GHz low-power switchable power detector system. Current-reuse technology and dual transformer coupling were used to enable the amplifier to generate sufficient gain at low power consumption. The switchable transformer shifts transfer curve through the switch to improve the sensitivity. At 28 GHz, the measured power detection range is from -42 dBm to 6 dBm and the dynamic range is 48 dB, the sensitivity is above 25 mV/dB, and the static DC power consumption is 10.8 mW.
The second chip is a 28 GHz high-linearity and high-resolution automatic switching power detector system, which uses a modified Schmitt trigger to implentment automatic switching. The measured power detection range is from -39 dBm to 7 dBm at 28 GHz, the dynamic range is 46 dB, the sensitivity is above 40 mV/dB, and the static DC power consumption is 36 mW.
Finally, two chips has reached the specifications for MIMO antenna calibration, and can be applied to a distance of 5 meters in the home environment, and it can correct the beam pattern of the array antenna more quickly.

口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
CONTENTS iv
LIST OF FIGURE i
LIST OF TABLES vii
Chapter 1 簡介 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 5
1.2.1 傳統功率偵測器架構 5
1.2.2 毫米波對數功率偵測系統 6
1.2.3 數位可調式增益放大器 7
1.3 論文貢獻 7
1.4 各章節重點介紹 9
Chapter 2 功率偵測器概論 11
2.1 功率偵測電路介紹 11
2.1.1 簡介 11
2.1.2 二極體功率偵測電路 11
2.1.3 外差功率偵測系統 13
2.1.4 串聯線性對數功率偵測系統 14
2.1.5 並聯加法對數功率偵測系統 16
2.2 功率偵測電路的參數介紹 18
2.2.1 轉移曲線(transfer curve) 18
2.2.2 線性度及線性誤差(log error) 19
2.2.3 最低可偵測功率(minimum detectable power) 19
2.2.4 動態範圍(dynamic range) 19
2.2.5 靈敏度(sensitivity) 20
2.3 整流器介紹 20
2.3.1 共源極回授源極退化整流器 20
2.3.2 毫米波共閘極功率偵測器 21
2.4 低功耗放大器介紹 24
2.4.1 變壓器轉導提升技術之共閘極放大器 24
2.4.2 雙重變壓器耦合與電流再利用技術之低雜訊放大器 26
2.5 可變增益放大器介紹 29
2.5.1 偏壓調控增益放大器 29
2.5.2 N型電導向可變增益放大器 30
2.5.3 數位控制可變增益放大器 32
2.6 比較器介紹 35
2.6.1 施密特觸發器 35
2.6.2 改良過後的施密特觸發器 37
Chapter 3 28 GHz低功耗之可切換功率偵測系統 39
3.1 簡介 39
3.2 設計流程 39
3.3 規格制訂 40
3.4 電路架構 41
3.5 毫米波共閘極功率偵測器 44
3.6 低功耗放大器與可切換式變壓器 48
3.7 電路佈局 56
3.8 整體電路模擬結果 57
3.9 特性比較 63
Chapter 4 28 GHz具高線性度與高解析度自動切換功率偵測系統 64
4.1 簡介 64
4.2 設計流程 64
4.3 規格制訂 65
4.4 電路架構 66
4.5 毫米波共閘極功率偵測器 69
4.6 數位可變增益放大器 72
4.7 施密特觸發器 80
4.8 電路佈局 83
4.9 整體電路模擬結果 84
4.10 特性比較 91
Chapter 5 量測結果 92
5.1 28 GHz低功耗之可切換功率偵測系統量測結果 92
5.1.1 印刷電路板設計 92
5.1.2 量測環境 94
5.1.3 S參數 96
5.1.4 輸入功率與輸出直流電壓轉移曲線 97
5.1.5 直流功耗 102
5.1.6 電路特性比較 102
5.1.7 晶片偵錯模擬修正 104
5.2 28 GHz具高線性度與高解析度自動切換功率偵測系統量測結果 109
5.2.1 印刷電路板設計 109
5.2.2 量測環境 111
5.2.3 S參數 111
5.2.4 輸出增益壓縮點 113
5.2.5 輸入輸出轉移曲線 114
5.2.6 直流功耗 116
5.2.7 晶片偵錯模擬修正 118
Chapter 6 結論 122
參考文獻 123

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