臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為了瞭解目前平面色塊之色彩調和模型是否能運用在3D的空間裡，因此本實驗採用手機VR ( Phone-Based Virtual Reality )來模擬。排除照明與材質影響的條件下，受測者針對不同顏色的沙發與牆壁之配色進行調和度與喜好度的評分。因此本研究共使用300組配色進行心理物理學實驗，顏色組合是從CIELAB 色彩空間挑選的26種單一色彩進行配對。透過手機VR觀看，評估沙發與牆壁之色彩調和，分析色彩調和度與色彩三屬性的明度 (Lightness)、彩度 (Chroma)、色相 (Hue) 之相關性。得知色彩三屬性影響調和的原則與顏色組合的偏好，並提供設計上的應用。
研究實驗結果發現色彩的調和度與喜好度關聯係呈現正相關，表示調和度越高的組合，喜好程度就越高。色彩三屬性對調和分析結果發現同彩度配色中，明度差 (∆L^*) 對色彩調和有顯著的影響，當明度和 (〖L^*〗_SUM) 越高，調和度越高。色彩調和未顯著受彩度差 (∆〖C^*〗_ab) 影響，而其主要影響的因素為色相角差 (∆h)。色相角差越小越調和，此外暖色調配色比冷色調配色更為調和。另外檢測傳統配色原則，其中同色相配色原則與本實驗結果一致，當色相相同時調和度高；同明度配色與同彩度配色原則與本研究不太一致。平面的配色與VR空間的立體配色是存在著差異，不能完全符合。

In order to know that whether colour harmony model of 2D two-colour-patch combinations can be applied in 3D space, a phone-based virtual reality system was used in this thesis to simulate. By excluding effects of lighting and materials, subjects score the colour harmony and preference for different colour combinations of the sofa and the wall. A total of 300 colour combinations were used as stimuli in a psychophysical experiment for the visual assessment of colour harmony. These colour combinations were generated from 26 colours selected in CIELAB colour space. After evaluating the color harmony between the sofa and the wall through the phone-based virtual reality system, the correlation between colour harmony and the three attributes of color: Lightness, Chroma, and Hue were analysed. Then the principle of how three attributes of colour affect colour harmony and the preference of colour combinations would be known.
The result shows that there is a positive correlation between colour harmony and preference, which means that the higher the harmony, the higher the preference. And for the influence between colour harmony and three attributes of color, for the colour combinations in the same chroma, the difference of lightness significantly affects colour harmony. The higher the sum of lightness, the higher the colour harmony. Difference of chroma does not influence the color harmony significantly, but the difference of hue angle (∆h) is the main affective factor of the colour harmony score. When the difference of hue angle (∆h) of the colour combination is small, it tends to be more harmonious. In addition, colour combinations in warm tones are more harmonious than cool tones. We tested the traditional color combination principle, and found out that the result of this thesis consist with the principle of the same hue. When using the same hue, the colour combinations tends to be more harmonious. But for the principle of the same chroma and same lightness, both of them do not consist with the result of our study. The result of this thesis show that part of the colour comparison principle in plane is similar with the colour comparison principle of 3D object in VR space, but there is still some differences.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第2章 文獻探討 5
2.1 色彩視覺與認知 5
2.1.1 色彩視覺 5
2.1.2 色彩屬性 6
2.2 CIE色度學 6
2.2.1 CIE三刺激值 (CIE tristimulus values) 6
2.2.2 CIE 1931 色度座標 6
2.1.4 CIELAB均勻色彩空間與色差公式 8
2.3 色彩調和之傳統理論 10
2.3.1 Goethe 理論 10
2.3.2 Chevreul 理論 10
2.3.3 Munsell 理論 10
2.3.4 Moon 和 Spencer理論 11
2.3.5 Itten 理論 12
2.3.6 NCS 理論 13
2.3.7 早期色彩調和理論總結 14
2.4 色彩調和之研究現況 15
2.4.1 Ou and Luo (2006) 色彩調和模型 15
2.4.2 Nayatani & Sakai (2009) 色彩調和模型 16
2.4.3 Szabó et al. (2009、2010) 色彩調和模型 18
2.4.4 Ou et al. (2018) 色彩調和模型 19
2.5 色彩調和與設計相關研究 20
2.6 小結 22
第3章 研究方法 23
3.1 實驗設計 23
3.1.1 虛擬場景的設計 23
3.1.2 色彩樣本 26
3.1.3 配色組合 29
3.1.4 實驗量尺設計 30
3.1.5 受測者 31
3.1.6 實驗設備與儀器 31
3.1.7 實驗程序 33
3.2 數據分析方法 33
3.2.1 心理物理學方法 (Psychophysical Methods) 33
3.2.2 類別判斷法 (Categorical Judgment method) 33
3.2.3 均方根Root Mean Square (RMS) 34
3.2.4 相關係數（Correlation Coefficient） 34
3.2.5 算術平均數 (Arithmetic Mean) 35
3.2.6 信賴區間 (Confidence Interval) 35
第4章 實驗結果 36
4.1 可信度分析 36
4.1.1 受測者重複性 (Intra-observer Variability) 36
4.1.2 受測者組精確性 (Inter-observer Variability) 38
4.2 性別與量尺之間關聯性分析 40
4.3 色彩對沙發與牆壁調和之影響 41
4.3.1 檢測傳統配色原則 41
4.3.2 明度對色彩調和的影響 44
4.3.3 彩度對色彩調和的影響 47
4.3.4 色相對色彩調和的影響 49
4.3.5 檢測現有色彩調和模型 54
第5章 結論與建議 57
5.1 研究結論 57
5.2 研究限制與未來建議 58
參考文獻 60
附錄 62
附錄1 原始挑選26個單一色彩的CIELAB數值設定 62
附錄2 10張代表沙發與牆壁色彩位置 63
附錄3 測試配色之色彩調和CHU值 (Ou et al. 2018) 64
附錄4 測試配色樣本之量測數值 68
附錄5 實驗結果之色彩調和度 77
附錄6 實驗結果之色彩喜好度 80

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