臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今社會快速的發展之下，能源短缺與環境汙染的相關議題漸漸地浮上檯面，因此利用太陽能進行光電化學水分解也成為了廣為人知的研究主題。而BiVO4光陽極已被廣泛用於光電化學水分解的理想材料，但因材料本身有嚴重的電子電洞再結合現象，以及緩慢的與水反應動力學，因此本研究致力於開發一個新穎且有效的觸媒，以改善BiVO4光陽極之光電化學水分解效率。
本研究利用簡便且快速的電沉積法製備出鋅鈷釩三元素之層狀雙氫氧化物(ZnCoV-LDH)，並將其沉積於BiVO4表面上，作為一種新的助催化劑，以提升BiVO4光陽極的光電化學水分解效率。以鹼性的四硼酸鈉為電解液，於1.23 V vs. RHE之下，經改善後的光陽極展現出2.54 mA/cm2的光電流表現，為原始BiVO4光陽極的三倍，且起始電位也向陰極偏移300 mV。此外還發現ZnCoV-LDH將原本BiVO4僅有的27 %電洞注入效率提升至82 %。更值得一提的是，此觸媒在長時間電解反應中展現出優越的穩定性。證明此助催化劑除了能降低動力學屏障以外，更藉由促進電荷分離以抑制被激發後的電荷重組現象，達到穩定BiVO4光陽極的效果，藉此提高水分解效率。此研究不僅提出新穎且有效的助催化劑，更提供一個快速簡便製備氫氧化物材料的方法。

Bismuth vanadate has been extensively studied as an ideal photoanode material for solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting but it still suffers from the severe electron-hole recombination and sluggish water oxidation kinetics thus cause low efficiency of PEC water splitting. Therefore, this study is dedicated to explore a new and efficient oxygen evolution cocatalysts for boosting photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting of BiVO4 photoanode.
Herein, a novel ZnCoV layered double hydroxide (ZnCoV-LDH) has been controllably prepared by a facile and rapid electrodeposition method for as a new co-catalyst for enhancing photoelectrochemical water oxidation of BiVO4 photoanode. Upon incorporating ZnCoV-LDH on the surface of BiVO4, the modified photoanode exhibits photocurrent density of 2.54 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode), which is 3 times higher than that of bare BiVO4 and 300 mV cathodic shift in onset potential. In addition, ZnCoV-LDH was also found to boost the hole injection efficiency of BiVO4 from 27% up to approximately 82%. More interestingly, the composite electrode demonstrates an reasonably good durability which attain a stable photocurrent density without significant decay during water splitting process. The significant improvement in photocurrent density, hole collection efficiency as well as durability can be ascribled to the fact that ZnCoV-LDH is acting as efficient oxygen evolution catalyst, thereby promotes the separation of photogenerated charges to suppress the recombination phenomenon, and stabilize BiVO4 photoelectrode for enhancing efficiency of water splitting. This work provides not only a demonstration of a novel and promising co-catalyst for PEC water splitting, but also a facile method for rationally designing other hydroxide-based materials.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
總目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第一章、 緒論 - 1 -
1.1 研究動機 - 1 -
1.2 研究主軸 - 2 -
第二章、 文獻回顧 - 3 -
2.1 光電化學水分解 - 3 -
2.2 BiVO4光陽極之材料特性 - 4 -
2.3 製備BiVO4光陽極之方法及原理 - 5 -
2.3.1 金屬有機沉積法(metal-organic decomposition, MOD) - 5 -
2.3.2 水熱法(hydrothermal) - 5 -
2.3.3 電沉積法(electrodeposition) - 6 -
2.4 BiVO4光陽極之改善方法及原理 - 6 -
2.4.1 改變表面構型(Morphology control) - 6 -
2.4.2 半導體耦合(Heterojunction) - 7 -
2.4.3 金屬離子摻雜(Dopping) - 8 -
2.4.4 添加產氧助催化劑(co-catalyst for oxygen evolution) - 8 -
2.5 產氧助催化劑材料之發想 - 9 -
2.5.1 層狀雙氫氧化物(Layered double hydroxide, LDH)之基本結構與特性 - 9 -
2.5.2 ZnCoV-LDH助產氧催化劑 - 11 -
第三章、 實驗設備及方法 - 15 -
3.1 實驗所需藥品、設備及分析儀器 - 15 -
3.1.1 實驗藥品 - 15 -
3.1.2 實驗設備 - 16 -
3.1.3 分析儀器 - 16 -
3.2 材料製備方法 - 17 -
3.2.1 基材 - 17 -
3.2.2 以電沉積製備多孔結構的BiVO4光陽極 - 17 -
3.2.3 以電沉積製備ZnCo-LDH - 19 -
3.2.4 以電沉積製備ZnCoV-LDH - 20 -
3.3 儀器分析原理 - 21 -
3.3.1 物理化學分析 - 21 -
3.3.2 光電化學分析 (Photoelectrochemical analysis) - 24 -
第四章、 結果與討論 - 29 -
4.1 材料分析 - 29 -
4.1.1 表面構型 - 29 -
4.1.2 結晶型態 - 30 -
4.1.3 可見光吸收度 - 31 -
4.1.4 表面元素價態 - 32 -
4.1.5 光激發螢光光譜 - 33 -
4.2 光電化學表現 - 34 -
4.3 反應機構探討 - 36 -
4.3.1 與水反應動力學 - 36 -
4.3.2 電荷傳導阻抗 - 38 -
4.3.3 個別元素存在之影響 - 40 -
4.4 穩定性探討 - 42 -
4.4.1 穩定性測定 - 42 -
4.4.2 表面構型變化 - 43 -
4.4.3 結晶型態變化 - 44 -
4.4.4 表面元素溶解於電解液 - 45 -
4.4.5 元素價態變化 - 47 -
4.4.6 氣體產物分析 - 49 -
4.5 材料最佳化之過程與探討 - 50 -
4.5.1 電沉積電位之選擇 - 51 -
4.5.2 電沉積時間之選擇 - 52 -
4.5.3 電沉積液中金屬比例之選擇 - 54 -
4.5.4 BVO/ZnCo-LDH與BVO/ZnCoV-LDH之綜合比較 - 57 -
4.6 助產氧催化劑BVO/ZnCoV-LDH之總體反應機構 - 63 -
第五章、 結論 - 67 -
第六章、 參考資料 - 69 -
第七章、 附錄 - 80 -

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