由於濫用藥物在台灣氾濫的程度逐年上升，尤其海洛因、甲基安非他命、愷他命分別為醫療院所歷年通報之濫用藥物種類前三名，顯現出查緝濫用藥物之重要性。然而礙於濫用藥物之吸食、注射及保存方式可為固態之粉末或是液態的形式，在檢警單位進行初步試驗後，送至鑑定單位進行確認試驗的過程中，可能會受到固、液態不同的保存條件，以及體積大小等因素造成運送及保存這些濫用藥物的不方便。因此本研究設計出一種類似乾燥血點法的保存方式，將之命名為乾燥藥點法；其作法是將這些濫用藥物置於紙卡上進行保存，待送至鑑定單位後，再經過萃取、三氟乙酸酐衍生，並且使用氣相層析質譜儀進行分析。
本研究中亦進行萃取流程的優化，以等比例之甲醇和乙腈作為萃取溶劑、30分鐘之超音波震盪，以及保存在4℃或-20℃下，能得到較好的萃取效率。此方法之準確度為-10.19%至+8.25%，精密度為0.57%至7.61%，且繪製出之檢量線皆呈現良好的線性關係。並且分析了40份來自台灣東部之真實樣品，和正式檢驗報告之定性相比呈現100%的一致性。

As the cases of drug abuse in Taiwan increased year by year, especially heroin, methamphetamine and ketamine. These are the top three drugs of abuse reported by medical institutions over the years, showing the importance of drug abuse in Taiwan. However, the method of ingestion, injection and preservation of drugs may be in the form of solid powder or liquid. After the initial test by the police unit, it may be sent to the laboratory for confirm test. The storage conditions, as well as the size and other factors, make it inconvenient to transport and preserve these drugs of abuse. Therefore, this study designed a method similar to the dried blood spot method, named as the dried drug spot method. The method is to put these drugs of abuse on a paper card for storage, and then send them to the laboratory. After extracted and derived by Trifluoroacetic anhydride, these drugs of abuse can be analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
Optimization of the extraction process was also performed in this study. The equal ratio of methanol and acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, 30 minutes of sonication, and storage at 4℃ or -20℃ can obtain better extraction efficiency. The accuracy of this method is -10.19% to +8.25%, the precision is 0.57% to 7.61%, and the calibration curves showed a good linear relationship. We also analyzed 40 real samples from eastern Taiwan, showing 100% consistency compared to the qualitative nature of the official inspection report.

誌謝 I
Abstract II
中文摘要 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 藥物濫用 (Drug Abuse or Substance Abuse) 1
1.1.1 背景介紹 1
1.1.2 海洛因之藥物簡介 1
1.1.3 甲基安非他命之藥物簡介 3
1.1.4 愷他命之藥物簡介 4
1.2 濫用藥物鑑定流程 5
1.3 乾燥血點法 (Dried Blood Spot) 7
1.4 研究目的 8
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 氣相層析質譜法測定濫用藥物相關文獻 9
2.2 乾燥血點法測定濫用藥物相關文獻 9
第三章 研究方法 11
3.1 藥品與試劑 11
3.1.1 藥物標準品 11
3.1.2 化學試劑及耗材 11
3.2 實驗溶劑之配製 11
3.2.1 萃取溶劑 11
3.2.2 1%酸性甲醇 12
3.2.3 標準品工作溶液 12
3.2.4 內部標準品工作溶液 12
3.3 儀器設備及參數設定 12
3.3.1 實驗儀器與設備 12
3.3.2 氣相層析質譜儀之參數設定 13
3.4 乾燥藥點法之紙片種類選定 14
3.5 乾燥藥點法之流程 14
3.6 方法確效 15
3.6.1 檢量線之測定 15
3.6.2 準確度與精密度之評估 16
3.6.3 偵測極限與定量極限之評估 16
3.6.4 保存穩定度之評估 17
3.7 真實樣品之測定 17
3.8 統計方法 18
第四章 結果與討論 19
4.1 標準層析圖與質譜圖 19
4.2 萃取流程之優化 19
4.2.1 萃取溶劑之比較 19
4.2.2 超音波震盪時間之比較 20
4.3 方法確效 20
4.3.1 檢量線之測定 20
4.3.2 準確度與精密度之評估 21
4.3.3 偵測極限與定量極限之評估 21
4.3.4 保存穩定度之評估 21
4.4 真實樣品之測定 22
4.5 方法之優缺點比較 23
第五章 結論 24
參考文獻 25

表目錄
表1. 各分析物及內部標準品衍生後之片段離子及層析峰滯留時間 29
表2. 各各分析物檢量線之斜率、截距及相關係數 30
表3. 各分析物之準確度及精密度 31
表4. 各分析物之偵測極限及定量極限 32
表5. 各分析物於不同保存溫度之保存穩定度 33
表6. 真實樣品之測定 34

圖目錄
圖1. 甲基安非他命衍生後之特定離子層析圖及質譜圖 38
圖2. 愷他命衍生後之特定離子層析圖及質譜圖 39
圖3. 海洛因之特定離子層析圖及質譜圖 40
圖4. 甲基安非他命衍生後之萃取溶劑比較圖 41
圖5. 愷他命衍生後之萃取溶劑比較圖 42
圖6. 海洛因之萃取溶劑比較圖 43
圖7. 甲基安非他命衍生後之超音波震盪時間比較圖 44
圖8. 愷他命衍生後之超音波震盪時間比較圖 45
圖9. 海洛因之超音波震盪時間比較圖 46

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