本研究使用真空熱蒸鍍製程搭配溶液製程來製備鈣鈦礦(Perovskite)太陽能電池，透過兩步驟合成製備MAPbI3鈣鈦礦薄膜，以慢速的方式來成長鈣鈦礦層，以形成較佳結晶，並且透過兩次退火製備出不同的鈣鈦礦薄膜，探討其不同退火溫度對鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池效率之影響，接著利用不同濃度、不同靜置時間對鈣鈦礦薄膜進行優化，用以提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光率轉換效率(PCE)，透過逆向掃描該元件的J-V曲線，得知其最高功率轉換效率可達8.66%、開路電壓(Open Circuit Voltage, Voc)為0.965V、電流密度(Short circuit current, Jsc)為13.6 mA/cm2、填充因子(Fill Factor, FF)為0.66。其電池元件結構如下：Glass/FTO/TiO2-compact/TiO2-mesoporous/PCBM/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag。

In this study, a vacuum thermal evaporation process combined with a solution process was used to prepare Perovskite solar cells. The MAPbI3 perovskite film was synthesized by two-step synthesis, and the perovskite layer was grown in a slow manner to form better crystals. And through two annealings, different perovskite films were prepared, and the effects of different annealing temperatures on the efficiency of perovskite thin-film solar cells were discussed. Then, different concentrations and different standing times were used to optimize the perovskite films to improve The light rate conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cell, by scanning the JV curve of the element in reverse, it is known that its maximum power conversion efficiency can reach 8.66%, the open circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.965V, and the current density (Short circuit current, Jsc) is 13.6 mA/cm2, and fill factor (Fill Factor, FF) is 0.66. The battery component structure is as follows: Glass/FTO/TiO2-compact/TiO2-mesoporous/PCBM/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
第一章緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3論文架構 2
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 4
2.1 太陽能電池發展和分類 4
2.2 太陽光模擬定義 5
2.3 太陽能電池工作原理 6
2.3.1 電荷及能量轉移機制 7
2.3.2 有機太陽能電池運作機制 7
2.3.3 鈣鈦礦薄膜太陽能電池工作原理 8
2.4 太陽能電池主要參數 9
2.5 有機太陽能電池結構 11
2.5.1電子傳輸層TiO2奈米材料特性 11
2.5.2電子傳輸層 PCBM材料特性 12
2.5.3主動層Perovskite材料特性 13
2.5.4電洞傳輸層Spiro-MeOTAD材料特性 14
第三章 實驗方法 15
3.1 實驗架構 15
3.2 實驗材料 16
3.3 實驗設備 17
3.3.1 手套箱 18
3.3.2電磁盤加熱攪拌器 (Hot Plate Stirrers) 18
3.3.3 旋轉塗佈機 (Spin – Coater) 18
3.3.4 超音波震盪機(Ultrasonic Cleaner) 19
3.3.5 熱蒸鍍機系統 (Thermal Evaporation Systems) 19
3.4 實驗流程 20
3.4.1 FTO基板清洗 20
3.4.2 UV-Ozone Cleaner 20
3.4.3旋塗電子傳輸層TiO2緻密層薄膜 20
3.4.4旋塗電子傳輸層TiO2多孔層薄膜 21
3.4.5旋塗電子傳輸層PCBM薄膜 21
3.4.6 真空熱蒸鍍PbI2薄膜 22
3.4.6 調配MAI溶液 22
3.4.6 主動層Perovskite薄膜製備 22
3.4.7 電動傳輸層Spiro-OMeTAD薄膜製備 23
3.4.8 熱蒸鍍銀電極 23
3.5 量測儀器與量測系統架設 23
3.5.1 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, FE-SEM) 23
3.5.2 X光繞射儀(X-ray Diffraction, XRD) 24
3.5.3 光激螢光光譜 (Photoluminescence, PL) 24
3.5.4 紫外線/可見光分光光譜儀(UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometers) 25
3.5.5 光率轉換效率量測 26
第四章 實驗結果與討論 27
4.1. MAPBI3太陽能電池之SEM分析 27
4.2 MAPBI3薄膜在不同溫度下之XRD分析 27
4.4 MAPBI3薄膜在不同溫度下之UV-VIS吸收、穿透光譜分析 28
第五章 結論 29
5.1 結論 29
5.2 未來展望 30
參考文獻 54
 
表目錄
表3.2 實驗材料總表 16
表2.1 不同空氣質量的太陽光輻射單位面積入射功率對照表 31
表3.4.6 PbI2熱蒸鍍參數表 31
表3.4.8 Ag熱蒸鍍參數表 31
表4.1 FTO/TiO2/PCBM/MAPbI3/Spiro/Ag之Voc、Jsc參數表 31

 
圖目錄
圖1.1各類太陽能電池效率演進[1] 32
圖2.1 AM 0、AM 1.5與6 × 103 K太陽黑體輻射光譜圖[50] 33
圖2.2 空氣質量（AM）輻射單位與其入射角定義示意圖[51] 33
圖2.3.1能量及電荷轉移機制示意圖 33
圖2.3.2有機太陽能電池光電轉換過程示意圖[51] 34
圖2.3.3有機太陽能電池原理能階圖 34
圖2.3.3鈣鈦礦Perovskite晶體結構為正八面 35
圖2.4有機高分子太陽能電池的I-V曲線圖 35
圖2.4.5 Spiro-MeOTAD材料分子結構結構[52] 36
圖3.3.1手套箱 36
圖3.3.2電磁加熱攪拌器 37
圖3.3.3旋轉塗佈機 37
圖3.3.5熱蒸鍍機系統 38
圖3.4 FTO蝕刻化示意圖 38
圖3.4.3 TiO2緻密層成膜結構示意圖 38
圖3.4.4 TiO2多孔層成膜結構示意圖 39
圖3.4.5 PCBM成膜結構示意圖 39
圖3.4.6 Perovskite薄膜成膜結構示意圖 40
圖3.4.7 Spiro-OMeTAD薄膜成膜結構示意圖 40
圖3.4.8有機太陽能電池元件示意圖 41
圖3.5.2 X光繞射儀 41
圖3.5.1發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(FESEM) 42
圖3.5.4穿透光譜量測系統 42
圖3.5.5 PL量測系統 43
圖3.6 I-V量測系統實驗架構圖 43
圖3.7 光電轉換效率量測系統 44
圖4.1 (a) PbI2薄膜經 80°C退火10分鐘所合成鈣鈦礦之表面型態圖 45
圖4.1 (b) PbI2薄膜經100°C退火10分鐘所合成鈣鈦礦之表面型態圖 46
圖4.1 (c) PbI2薄膜經120°C退火10分鐘所合成鈣鈦礦之表面型態圖 47
圖4.1 (d) PbI2薄膜經140°C退火10分鐘所合成鈣鈦礦之表面型態圖 48
圖4.1 (e) PbI2薄膜經100°C退火10分鐘所合成鈣鈦礦之截面型態圖 49
圖4.2(a) PbI2薄膜經退火10分鐘之XRD圖 50
圖4.2(b) MAPbI3薄膜經退火10分鐘之XRD圖 50
圖4.4 (a) MAPbI3薄膜經退火10分鐘之吸收圖 51
圖4.5 太陽能電池之J-V特性曲線圖圖 52
圖4.7 太陽能電池之特性曲線圖 53
圖5.1為PbI2/Perovskite的能階示意圖 53

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