本研究提出一套新型反射式的差分干涉對比顯微鏡(DICM)，使用液晶Savart稜鏡置於物鏡和樣本之間，用於分出兩道剪切光束後將樣品的輪廓資訊反射回液晶Savart稜鏡，本實驗使用兩個液晶Savart稜鏡分別來控制x方向與y方向剪切，藉由操作液晶Savart稜鏡的電壓來改變所造成的剪切距離和方向，並透過影像擷取與處理來獲得樣品表面輪廓的剪切形貌圖。
本篇研究反射式的DICM的架構規劃、原理與實驗步驟，觀察標準階高片(VLSI Standards SHS-880 QC)、塗層起泡的缺陷(Foam)、洋蔥表皮細胞、人類的口腔細胞，檢測x方向與y方向上的剪切表面輪廓。最後，本研究也使用液晶相移法取代旋轉分析板法來做相移，以實現全電控操作的架構，而此實驗觀察人類紅血球的x與y方向上表面輪廓，並且實驗量測的結果皆驗證了實驗原理。

This research developed a novel differential interference contrast microscope (DICM). It is constructed by placing two liquid crystal Savart prisms shear device in between the objective and sample of a polarizing microscope, and liquid crystal Savart prisms used to split the two shear beams to reflect the contour variation information of the sample back to the liquid crystal Savart prisms, and it evaluates contour variation of samples using the principle of phase-shifting shearing interferometry. Then, we also can use change voltage of liquid crystal Savart prisms in order to switch the shear direction.
In this differential interference contrast microscope configuration, principles and experimental procedures. Moreover, this paper exhibits the experiments using the setup to measure the step height standards (VLSI Standards SHS-880 QC) , coating defects (Foam) , Onion epidermal cells and human oral cells. The different shearing direction image can be obtained by applying different voltages of the liquid crystal Savart prisms. In addition, this research also proposes another configuration that replace the phase-shifter of rotatable analyzer with liquid crystal cell to achieve the phase-shifter. This experiments using the setup to measure the erythrocytes. Finally, the results demonstrate the feasibility and applicability.

目錄
摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 1
1.2.1暗場顯微鏡[1][2] 1
1.2.2相位顯微鏡[3][4] 3
1.2.3差分干涉對比顯微鏡(DICM) 4
1.2.4方位獨立DICM 7
1.3研究動機 9
1.4 論文架構 10
第二章 實驗相關光學原理 11
2.1干涉術 11
2.2剪切干涉術 11
2.3相移術 12
2.3.1相移調製方式 13
2.3.2五步相移法 15
2.3.3相位展開 16
2.4無限遠補正光學系統 17
2.5向列相液晶 17
第三章 使用液晶Savart稜鏡的DICM 21
3.1光學架設 21
3.2液晶Savart稜鏡 22
3.3 Y方向剪切量測 22
3.4 Y方向剪切量測 26
第四章 液晶Savart稜鏡的製作與校正 27
4.1液晶Savart稜鏡的製作 27
4.2液晶Savart稜鏡的校正 27
第五章 實驗架構 33
5.1 DICM 34
5.2對焦與驅動電路 37
5.3 個人電腦與影像處理系統 38
第六章 實驗流程與結果 39
6.1實驗流程 39
6.2實驗校正 39
6.3實驗結果 41
6.3.1標準階高片量測 41
6.3.2人類的口腔細胞觀察 44
6.3.3系統誤差校正量測 45
6.3.4塗層起泡缺陷觀察 47
6.3.5洋蔥表皮細胞觀察 48
6.3.6人類的紅血球細胞觀察 50
6.4不同電壓的剪切距離證明 54
第七章 實驗討論 55
7.1實驗討論 55
7.2液晶相移的討論 57
7.3剪切距離的討論 57
第八章 結論與未來展望 58
8.1結論 58
8.2未來展望 58
參考文獻 60

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