物聯網的發展日益蓬勃，低功耗藍牙（Bluetooth Low Energy，BLE）作為一種低耗能、低成本的無線通訊技術標準，適用於資源受限的無線感測網路。尤其BLE網狀網路標準的出現，讓可連接的裝置數量增加，進而提升了網路整體的可擴展性與通訊範圍。然而，在需定期傳送感測資料的應用下，洪泛式的資料傳播會帶來可觀的電量消耗，故本篇論文將選用連線式資料傳輸的BLE網狀網路並進行效能的探討。FruityMesh，作為目前唯一開源的連線式BLE網狀網路規範，其效能仍有相當大的改善空間。
本論文修改了FruityMesh網路建立的流程，降低了整體網路的端對端延遲與提升了封包傳輸成功率（Packet Delivery Ratio, PDR）。另外，也設計了QoS(Quality of Service)功能，可依照使用者的需求將指定節點設定為高優先度節點，並以提升高優先度節點的效能為考量來建立網路拓樸。

The Internet of Things has grown significantly in recent years. Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE), as a low power consumption and low cost wireless network technology, is suitable for resource-constrained wireless sensor network. The appearance of BLE mesh network standard increases the amount of connectable devices. This improves the scalability and coverage of the BLE network. By default, the BLE mesh applies flooding to forward data to the destination. However, when the sensor nodes need to send data periodically, that could greatly increase the power consumption.
Therefore, this research chooses FruityMesh, the main connection based open source BLE mesh protocol, for wireless sensor network application and proposes a new BLE mesh network topology forming mechanism based on FruityMesh. The proposed mechanism not only performs lower end-to-end delay and higher packet delivery ratio than FruityMesh in BLE mesh network, but also provides Quality of Service feature to minimize the path to the sink of critical nodes.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 相關技術背景之探討 3
2.1 Bluetooth Low Energy 3
2.1.1 廣播模式(Advertising mode) 3
2.1.2 連線模式(Connection oriented mode) 4
2.2 Bluetooth Low Energy Mesh Network 5
2.2.1 Flooding Based Networking 5
2.2.2 Connection Oriented Networking 6
2.2.3 Networking方式之比較 6
2.3 FruityMesh 7
2.3.1 節點狀態 8
2.3.2 JOIN_ME封包 9
2.3.3 網路建立機制 11
2.3.4 Self-Healing機制 14
2.3.5 小結 14
第三章 BLE網狀網路拓樸建立機制之設計 16
3.1 問題分析 16
3.2 網路建立機制設計 17
3.2.1 選擇Slave之Node Scoring Function 18
3.2.2 選擇Master之Node Scoring Function 20
第四章 模擬結果與分析 21
4.1 模擬說明 21
4.1.1 應用情境設計 21
4.1.2 模擬流程與配置 22
4.1.3 CherrySim 23
4.1.4 效能指標 25
4.2 提出之網路拓樸建立機制與FruityMesh的模擬比較 26
4.2.1 權重設定 26
4.2.2 拓樸比較 28
4.2.3 延遲與PDR之模擬結果與討論 32
4.2.4 延遲與PDR之改善 45
4.3 調整權重後的模擬比較 48
4.3.1 權重調整說明 48
4.3.2 拓樸比較 48
4.3.3 模擬結果與分析 51
4.3.4 延遲與PDR之改善 58
4.4 QoS機制成效驗證 60
4.4.1 驗證方法說明 60
4.4.2 模擬結果與分析 61
第五章 結論與未來發展 62
5.1 結論 62
5.2 未來發展 62
參考文獻 63

[1]物聯網產業現況：
https://www.sipo.org.tw/industry-overview/industry-state-quo/iot-industry-state-quo.html.
[2]S. M. Darroudi, C. Gomez, “Bluetooth low energy mesh networks: A survey,” Sensors, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1467, 2017.
[3]FruityMesh:
https://github.com/mwaylabs/fruitymesh
[4]Bluetooth SIG, “Bluetooth Core Specification: 4.0,” Jul. 2010.
[5]Bluetooth SIG, “Bluetooth Core Specification: 4.1,” Dec. 2013.
[6]Bluetooth SIG, “Bluetooth Core Specification: 4.2,” Dec. 2014.
[7]Bluetooth SIG, “Bluetooth Core Specification: 5.0,” Jun. 2016.
[8]Bluetooth Low Energy Link Layer Overview: http://microchipdeveloper.com/wireless:ble-link-layer-overview
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[10]Bluetooth SIG, “Mesh Profile Specification: 1.0,” Jul. 2017.
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[12]FruityMesh Throughput Measurement: https://mwaylabs.github.io/fruitymesh/fruitymesh/Throughput.html
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[18]FruityMesh Algorithm:
https://mwaylabs.github.io/fruitymesh/fruitymesh/The-FruityMesh-Algorithm.html
[19]CherrySim:
https://mwaylabs.github.io/fruitymesh/fruitymesh/CherrySim.html
[20]Nordic SoftDevice S132:
https://www.nordicsemi.com/Software-and-tools/Software/S132