傳統鉛酸電池維護系統，因為沒有聯網功能，在對電池做維護工作時，工程人員必須隨時在維護系統旁，監看機器運行，以了解當下電池的工作狀態，必要時進行調整，另外大電流充放電時電池內部溫度會上升及產生熱氣體，而傳統鉛酸電池維護系統也缺乏溫度監測機制，基於安全性考量工程人員只能隨時注意電池工作溫度，而電池維護工作非常耗時，以致造成人力資源無法有效運用在電池維護工作上。透過結合物聯網(IoT)中的MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)[1]技術的智慧型鉛酸電池維護系統，讓工程人員能透過手持式裝置或個人電腦上的監看軟體，在遠端同時進行多個維護系統的監控管理，進而達到有效的人力資源運用，而高效的系統運作，延長電池使用壽命，也減少了廢棄的鉛酸電池對環境的影響，達到了環保的目的。

This paper addresses the efficiency problem of the traditional lead-acid battery recovery system. The traditional lead-acid battery maintenance system is operated by a battery recovery system where the engineers have to monitor the operation status of the machine at any time. In addition, it may be dangerous because the internal temperature of the battery will rise and generate hot gas during high-current charge and discharge. Using an IoT (Internet of Things) enabled smart lead-acid battery recovery system, engineers can remotely monitor and manage the battery recovery system through handheld devices or personal computers. Furthermore, multiple battery recovery systems can be simultaneously performed and monitored by just one engineer and, thus, achieve effective utilization of human resource and system operation. On the other hand, extending battery life can reduce the environmental impact of discarded lead-acid batteries and achieve the goal of environmental protection。

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 論文貢獻 2
1.4 論文架構 3
第2章 問題描述與解決辦法 4
2.1 如何評估電池健康 4
2.2 如何監測溫度 4
2.3 如何提升事件的即時處理能力 5
2.4 如何有效運用人力資源，達到自動化目標 5
第3章 背景知識 7
3.1 常見的鉛酸電池種類 7
3.2 鉛酸電池優缺點 10
3.3 鉛酸電池劣化原因 10
3.4 鉛酸電池電化學過程的硫酸鉛結晶原因 11
3.5 解決鉛酸電池硫化現象方法 12
3.6 鉛酸電池一般性能評估依據 12
3.7 CBTP(Comprehensive Bidirectional Transmission 13
Protocol)協議 13
3.8 ESP-32S 17
3.9 軟體開發工具 19
第4章 設計與實作 22
4.1 硬體架構 22
4.2 軟體架構 41
4.3 BRS 硬體平台BRS ESP32軟體流程圖 43
4.4 BRS系統運行與建置部屬環境示意圖 45
第5章 實驗與結果 53
5.1 實驗設備 53
5.2 實驗數據 55
第6章 結論與未來工作 57
6.1 結論 57
6.2 未來工作 57
第7章 參考文獻 58

[1]MQTT Specifications,”MQTT V3.1 Protocol Specification”, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Eurotech, 2010.

[2]Wikipedia, Lead–acid battery, at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead%E2%80%93acid_battery

[3]Learning about Electronics, at http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Battery-internal-resistance

[4]Common Battery Terms, available in June 2017 at https://www.centurybatteries.com.au/getattachment/Technical-Support/Battery-Talk/CY132-2153-Battery-Talk-Newsletter-6-LR.pdf?lang=en-AU

[5]恆壓充電, at
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%85%E9%9B%BB

[6]熱失控, at
https://www.newton.com.tw/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0%E7%86%B1%E5%A4%B1%E6%8E%A7/10063218

[7]ESP-32S模組, at
https://www.es.co.th/Schemetic/PDF/ESP32.PDF

[8]鉛酸電池百科知識, at
https://www.easyatm.com.tw/wiki/%E9%89%9B%E9%85%B8%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0

[9]Laadissi El Mehdi, Anas El Filali, Malika Zazi, (2017). Impact of Pulse Voltage as Desulfator to Improve Automotive Lead Acid Battery Capacity. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications , DOI: 10.14569/IJACSA.2017.080772

[10]方仁傑（2003）。鉛酸電池充電特性之研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。（系統編號097ISU05428017）。

[11]鄭戎傑（2003）。鉛酸電池脈衝充電特性研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。（系統編號091NSYS5442028）。

[12]李明駿（2003）。鉛酸電池之快速充電技術研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。（系統編號091NCU05442048）。

[13]段人豪（2005）。鉛酸電池量測技術之研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文系統。（系統編號093KUAS0442007）。

[14]United States Patent(US 6,885,167 B2) : 「METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING COLD CRANKING AMPERES VALUE」 at https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/0d/c5/18/319dfe9b7ba59a/US6885167.pdf

[15]Wikipedia, MD5 at
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5

[16]Wikipedia, CRC, at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check

[17]ESP32 reference information, at http://esp32.net/

[18]Embarcadero RAD studio 10.3, at https://www.embarcadero.com/

[19]EUP3475 reference information, at
http://www.micro-bridge.com/data/Eutech/EUP3475.pdf

[20]LM7805 reference information, at https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/LM7805.pdf
[21]LD1117S reference information, at https://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/LD1117V33.pdf

[22]74HC4052 reference information, at
https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/data-sheet/74HC_HCT4052.pdf

[23]APL431HAC reference information, at
https://pdf1.alldatasheet.net/datasheet-pdf/view/87095/ANPEC/APL431.html

[24]IR2101S reference information, at
https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/ir2101.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a4015355c7a755166c

[25]PT100 reference information, at http://irtfweb.ifa.hawaii.edu/~iqup/domeenv/PDF/pt100plat.pdf
https://www.intech.co.nz/products/temperature/typert/RTD-Pt100-Conversion.pdf
https://kknews.cc/news/v6lp934.html

[26]IPP100N08N3 reference information, at
https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-IPP100N08N3%20G-DS-v02_02-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d4624fb7fef2014ff98a754b064b

[27]Wikipedia, FireMonkey, at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FireMonkey

[28]Paho MQTT reference information, at
https://pypi.org/project/paho-mqtt/

[29]Wikipedia, FreeRTOS, at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeRTOS

[30]Wikipedia, RFID, at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

[31]湯淺115D31L一般汽車鉛酸電池, at http://www.yuasa.com.tw/upload_files//batteries/14903258218581.pdf

[32]VAT-570電池分析儀, at
http://www.ecpal.com.tw/web/product-detail.php?pro_no=197

[33]PowerPro數位電費計, at
http://www.prodigit.com/product_c.php?button_num=b2&folder_id=30&cnt_id=12