雷射加工為非化學、高精度、高能量密度且快速的加工法，可以快速製造微米級結構。表面微結構有助於在界面處形成潤滑液膜、容納磨屑。於微觀結構的凹面的出口處會造成壓力梯度，此壓力提高了兩種材料之間的潤滑膜的負載能力。
現行人工關節最常使用組合為CoCrMo合金/不銹鋼對超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)，故本研究使用奈秒光纖雷射於304不鏽鋼平板上製備各面積覆蓋率及深徑比之凹坑，使用圓盤磨耗測試機搭配超高分子量聚乙烯圓棒進行磨耗測試，並使用往復磨耗測試機量測摩擦係數，測試完成後探討各凹坑參數試片對於表面黏屑、磨耗量、及摩擦係數，以了解表面微凹坑對於磨潤性能提升的能力。
最後結合使用大氣電漿(APPJ)表面處理之UHMWPE，探討能否再提升UHMWPE與不鏽鋼為磨擦配合的磨潤性能。
實驗結果表明，與未經雷射處理的不鏽鋼表面相比，具有微觀結構（面積覆蓋率= 0.1，徑深比= 3.75）的鋼表面具有最佳的摩擦學性能，包括64％的摩擦係數降低和80％磨耗量改善。 相較於未經處理的UHMWPE相比，APPJ表面處理後的UHMWPE的摩擦係數降低了16％，並且可以進一步改善具有微結構的不鏽鋼表面與經表面處理的UHMWPE之間的磨損。




關鍵字：雷射、超高分子力量聚乙烯、微凹坑

Laser processing is a non-chemical, high-precision, energy-intense, and fast processing method. Micron-scle structures can be quickly manufactured. The surface microstructures facilitate the formation a film of the lubricating fluid at the interface, accommodate wear debris. The concave surfaces of the microstructures also induce a pressure-gradient at the outlet of the concave surface, therefore enhance the loading capacity of the lubricating film between the two materials.
At present, the most common materials for artificial joints are CoCrMo alloy/ stainless steel with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In this study, a nanosecond fiber laser was used to fabricate micro dimples with various area coverages and aspect ratios on 304 stainless steel plates. The abrasion test was performed by a pin-on-disc wear tester while the friction coefficient was measured by a reciprocating abrasion tester. To quantify how the dimples improve the wear performance, the wear of UHMWPE, the adhesion of UHMWPE on steel, and the friction coefficient between the steel plate with microstructures and UHMWPE were measured.
Finally, the UHMWPE with atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) surface treatment was applied to further improve the abrasive performance between the UHMWPE and stainless steel.
Experimental results indicate that the steel surface with microstructures (area coverage = 0.1, aspect ratio = 3.75) provides the best tribological performances, including 64% of the friction coefficient reduction and 80% of the abrasion wear improvement, comparing with untreated steel surfaces. The friction coefficient of the UHMWPE after APPJ surface treatment was reduced by 16%, comparing with the untreated UHMWPE, and the wear between the steel with microstructures and the surface-treated UHMWPE can be further improved.



Keywords: laser, UHMWPE, micro-dimple

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 1
1.3 金屬表面雷射微紋理降低磨耗文獻回顧 2
第二章 雷射加工及微結構提升磨潤原理介紹 37
2.1 雷射加工應用原理 37
2.1.1 雷射的產生機制 37
2.1.2 光纖雷射的工作原理 39
2.1.3 雷射模式與光斑直徑 40
2.1.4 奈秒雷射加工機制 43
2.1.5 雷射位移計原理 44
2.2 磨耗型態及微紋理提升液膜承載力原理 45
2.2.1 微紋理提升液膜承載力原理介紹 47
第三章 實驗設備、儀器及材料 48
3.1 實驗設備 48
3.1.1 光纖雷射 48
3.1.2 放電電漿電源供應器 50
3.1.3 放電切割機 51
3.1.4 金相研磨機 52
3.1.5 圓盤磨耗測試機 53
3.1.6 往復磨耗測試機 54
3.2 量測設備 55
3.2.1 工具顯微鏡(OLYMPUS-STM) 55
3.2.2 雷射位移計 56
3.3 實驗用耗材 57
3.3.1 不鏽鋼板 57
3.3.2 超高分子量聚乙烯 57
第四章 雷射加工微凹坑於不鏽鋼基板對於磨潤性能之影響 58
4.1 雷射加工不鏽鋼基板參數 58
4.2 雷射加工不鏽鋼基板後拋除加工融渣 59
4.3 拋除加工融渣後凹坑尺寸量測 61
4.4 磨耗測試參數設定與架設 62
4.5 磨耗測試前後不鏽鋼表面觀察及超高分子量聚乙烯磨耗量量測 63
4.6 摩擦係數量測參數設定及架設 72
4.7 各參數試片摩擦係數量測 74
第五章 結果與討論 79
5.1 凹坑面積覆蓋率對於磨潤性能之影響 79
5.2 各凹坑深徑比對於摩潤性能之影響 81
5.3 超高分子量聚乙烯經電漿處理對於磨潤性能影響 83
第六章 結論與未來展望 86
6.1 表面微凹坑參數對於磨潤性能影響結論 86
6.2 電漿處理對於磨潤性能影響 86
6.3 磨耗測試 87
6.4 雷射曲面加工 88
6.5 雷射加工微凹坑 88
6.6 未來應用 88
參考文獻 89

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