臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章、緒論 1
1.1、研究背景 1
1.2、木質素 2
1.3、纖維素與半纖維素 4
1.4、木質纖維素於生質精煉產製酒精 5
1.5、棕色固渣 6
1.6、萃取木質素之前處理方法 6
1.6.1物理方法 7
1.6.2化學方法 7
1.7木質素之超過濾分餾 8
1.8研究範疇與架構 9
第二章、文獻回顧與研究原理 10
2.1 紙漿工業之木質素 10
2.1.1 卡夫木質素 10
2.1.2有機溶劑木質素 11
2.1.3蘇打木質素 11
2.1.3.1蘇打法萃取 (soda process)木質素之反應機制 12
2.1.3.2脫木質素反應 13
2.1.3.3 Hansen溶解度參數 (Hansen solubility parameter) 14
2.2 木質素含量分析方法 19
2.2.1 NREL之木質素含量測定 19
2.2.2酸可溶性木質素含量分析 19
2.2.3酸不可溶性木質素含量分析 20
2.2.4灰分含量分析 20
2.3 薄膜分離技術 21
2.3.1 道南效應 (donnan exclusion) 23
2.3.2 濃度極化效應 (concentration polarization) 24
2.3.3 結垢現象 (fouling effect) 24
2.3.4 分子篩效應 (size exclusion) 25
第三章 材料與實驗方法 26
3.1實驗藥品 26
3.2 實驗設備與器材 26
3.3 蘇打法萃取之放大製程 29
3.4 酸沉澱之木質素萃取步驟 30
3.5 木質素吸收係數分析 32
3.5.1 紫外-可見分光光譜儀 (UV-Vis) 32
3.6 木質素分析方法 35
3.6.1 酸可溶性木質素含量分析 35
3.6.2 酸不溶性木質素含量分析 37
3.7 產率以及回收率的計算 38
3.7.1木質素粗產率的計算 38
3.7.2木質素產率的計算 39
3.7.3木質素回收率的計算 39
3.8 木質素之結構鑑定與性質分析 40
3.8.1 霍式紅外線光譜儀 (FTIR) 40
3.8.2 熱重分析儀 (TGA) 40
3.8.3 膠體層析儀 (GPC) 40
3.8.4 二維異核核磁共振儀 (2D HSQC NMR) 41
3.9 膜材分析 42
3.9.1 表面型態觀察 (FE-SEM) 42
3.9.2 表面電位測試 (zeta potential) 42
3.10 木質素分餾實驗 44
3.10.1 超過濾實驗於端點系統之操作步驟 44
3.10.2 超過濾實驗於掃流式系統之操作步驟 48
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1 稻稈與棕色固渣之含量分析 50
4.2 棕色固渣中木質素萃取效果之影響 52
4.2.1 NaOH濃度對木質素萃取效果之影響 52
4.2.2 固液比對木質素萃取效果之影響 58
4.2.3 反應溫度對木質素蘇打法萃取效果之影響 63
4.2.4 反應時間對木質素蘇打法萃取效果之影響 68
4.3 放大製程 (pilot scale)中木質素萃取效果之影響 73
4.3.1 助溶劑對木質素萃取效果之影響與小批次結果之比較 73
4.3.2 放大製程之木質素分餾實驗 (lignin fractionation) 78
4.3.2.1 不同膜材於端點過濾系統 (dead-end system)之影響 78
4.3.2.2 不同TMP於掃流式過濾系統 (cross-flow system)之影響 82
4.4萃取木質素之化學結構鑑定 86
4.4.1 FTIR鑑定 86
4.4.2 2D-NMR分析鑑定 88
4.4.3熱重分析 93
第五章 結論 96
Reference 98

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