臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來為了在多天線(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)系統下有效增加throughput rate，提出了許多解決方案，其中空間調變(Spatial Modulation)為其中一種方式。在傳統的MIMO系統中，每個傳送天線需有相對應數量的RF chains。而空間調變多天線系統(Spatial Modulation Multiple Input Multiple Output, SM-MIMO)則是改用單一射頻鏈(Radio Frequency chains, RF chains)，用以傳送index資訊。至於在廣義空間調變(Generalized Spatial Modulation, GSM)中，我們除了原先的傳送天線以及接收天線外，還需要額外考慮了RF chains的數量。並且使用了傳送天線組合(Transmitter Antenna Combo, TAC)的搭配方式，用以做為新的傳送天線索引(index)，在結合原先的符元(symbol)訊息後加以傳送。快速演算法方面，則是使用了COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC)，以及reduce Fixed Sphere Decoder (rFSD)這兩個演算法來進行實現演算法。並改用sorting assisted successive rFSD (SA-SrFSD)演算法，用以達成廣義空間調變的解調。這裡基於332-sets的硬體架構進行改良，其環境為5根傳送天線、4根接收天線以及利用了2組RF chains來觸發傳送天線。後續為了擴增TAC可以攜帶的訊息量，因此將環境調整成，8根傳送天線、根接收天線以及2組RF chains，數位調變為64-QAM，並對其環境提出655-sets以及4444-sets兩種新架構，觀察是否可以更有效增加throughput rate以及hardware efficiency。至於在VLSI硬體實現方面，使用了TSMC 90nm CMOS製程利用Synopsys Design Compiler軟體進行合成(Syntehsis)、並且使用Cadence SOC Innovous來進行佈局繞線(Place Route)。其模擬結果如下所示:兩個架構最大操作頻率為322 MHz，所需gate count分別為302.2K以及350.1K，至於normalization throughput rate則為1720.5Mbps以及2580.8Mbps。再將這些結果整理，並且與332-sets硬體架構以及其他空間調變數據做比較，最後可以得到結論。在兩個新提出的架構中，4444-sets同時具有更為優秀的normalization throughput rate以及hardware efficiency。

In recent years, many solutions have been proposed in order to improve multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system throughput rate. Among those solutions, spatial modulation is one kind of these solutions. However, in traditional MIMO system, the transmitting antennas must need a corresponding amount of Radio Frequency chains (RF chains). Then, spatial modulation multiple input multiple output (SM-MIMO) system uses one radio frequency chains (RF chains) to transmit index information. As for generalized spatial modulation (GSM), we also need to consider amount of RF chains except original transmitter and receiver antennas. We get a new transmitter index by using transmitter antenna combo sets (TAC). Then, new transmitted information combines new transmitter index and original symbol. This paper uses the sorting assisted successive rFSD (SA-SrFSD) algorithm to demodulate GSM signals. The fast calculation algorithm uses COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) and reduce fixed sphere decoder (rFSD) to achieve this system. This work bases on 332-sets hardware and improve it, furthermore the communication system of 332-sets considers 5 transmitter antennas, 4 receiver antennas, and 2 active transmitter antennas by using RF chains. But, the communication system of this paper uses 8 transmitter antennas, 4 receiver antennas, and 2 RF chains, digital modulation of this syetem is 64-QAM. We propose two new hardware architecture, 655-sets and 4444-sets, and observe the new hardware architecture with better normalization throughput rate and hardware efficiency or not. Also, we propose two new architectures, and observe whether these architectures can improve system throughput rate effectively. The VLSI hardware realization uses TSMC 90nm CMOS, sythesis with Synopsys Design Compiler, and place route with Cadence SOC Innovous.As follow hardware simulation results, the operating frequency of them is 322MHz. Gate counts respectively are 302.2K and 350.1K.Normalization throughput rates are 1720.5 Mbps and 2580.8 Mbps, separately. Finally, comparing these new hardware architectures with other spatial modulation result, in conclusion, 4444-sets hardware architecture has better normalization throughput rate and hardware efficiency.

目錄
1 簡介 1
1.1 前言 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 研究動機 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 內容大綱 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 廣義空間調變多天線系統 3
2.1 空間調變 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 廣義空間調變 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 SA-SrFSD 演算法 10
4 延伸型硬體架構與模擬 19
4.1 655-sets 架構 & 4444-sets 架構 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 655-sets 硬體架構 & 4444-sets 硬體架構 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.3 655-sets 4444-sets 硬體合成模擬結果數據分析 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5 結論 45
6 特別致謝 46
參考文獻 47
論文口試意見答覆與論文修改 52

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