臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

營造工地施作勞工長時間暴露在危險性工作場所，且面臨許多高風險危害作業。本研究針對一個營造工程公司所屬工程工地所執行的職業安全衛生外部稽核缺失資料進行整理分析，主要目的為針對不同營造工程工地的職業安全衛生外部稽核缺失，分別執行：(1)所屬業主缺失類型頻率分析；(2)所屬廠商缺失類型頻率差異；(3)所屬業主和廠商缺失類型改善日數統計；(4)所屬業主和廠商缺失類型罰款統計。藉由對該公司所屬工程工地職業安全衛生外部稽核缺失發生類型、頻率、改善日數及罰款等資料的瞭解，提出對於工程工地的職業安全衛生缺失改善需著重的主要工作建議。研究中收集5個業主所屬營造工地於2014~2019年間針對42個廠商開立的職業安全衛生稽核缺失進行分析。從所開立的5,905項次的稽核缺失分析結果發現，5個業主A、B、C、D和E所違反的法令規定主要在營造安全衛生設施標準的缺失分別百分比60.2%、61.6%、82.5%、77.9%和76.9%，所有業主的缺失百分比均大於60.0%，顯示違反「營造安全衛生設施標準」的缺失最為頻繁；其次為「5S工作現場管理」的缺失百分比分別為22.6%、3.7%、5.0%、11.6%和8.5%，得知「營造安全衛生設施標準」和「5S工作現場管理」兩項法令規定，稽核缺失已高達80.0%以上，說明此大型營造工地的業主對於這兩項法令規定的重視程度不足。在外部稽核缺失可能引發的職業安全衛生危害進行統計分析，觀察到多數承攬廠商在墜落之虞和工地環保兩項均佔有較大之比例，顯示此兩項是承攬廠商外部稽核缺失可能引發的職業安全衛生危害最重要的兩個項目。本研究僅針對一個營造工地的職業安全衛生外部稽核缺失進行分析，結果難以類推到其他營造工地的稽核缺失。無論如何，本研究的分析結果指出常見的缺失類型，可提供管理者介入矯正稽核缺失管理策略擬定參考，針對勞工需加強職業安全衛生意識的重點，在營造工地要求施工品質及工程進度外，更應建立生命無價的觀念，落實勞工的職業安全衛生管理，才能有效減少職業災害的發生。

Construction site workers have long-term exposure to hazardous workplaces and face many high-risk hazardous operations. In this study, external audits of occupational safety and health on conctruction sites of a construction company were collected and analyzed. The objectives of this study were to address compliance weakness of external occupational safety and health audits at different construction sites, and perform the following analyses separately: (1) frequency analysis of the types of compliance weakness for different companies; (2) frequency difference of the types of compliance weakness for different contractors; (3) days spent in improving the compliance weakness; (4) fine statistics of the compliance weakness. Based on the results of these analyses, appropriate work recommendations were highlighted and proposed to improve the compliance weakness of external occupational safety and health audits at construction sites. In the study the compliance weakness of external occupational safety and health audits in the five years between 2014 and 2019 for 42 contractors at the construction sites owned by five companies (denoted by A, B, C, D and E) were collected. A total of 5,905 items of the compliance weakness of external occupational safety and health audits were obtained. The results from the analyses showed the proportions of the compliance weakness of audits related to Safety and Heath of Construction Facility Standards for companies A, B, C, D and E were 60.2%, 61.6%, 82.5%, 77.9% and 76.9%, respectively. The proportions of the compliance weakness of audits associated with 5S Work Site Management for companies A, B, C, D and E were 22.6%, 3.7%, 5.0%, 11.6% and 76.9%, respectively. All of these proportions were greater than 60.0%. This indicated the violations of Safety and Heath of Construction Facility Standards were the most often and 5S Work Site Management the second. The sum of the proportions of these two laws was greater than 80%. This illustrated these owners of the construction site had not paid enough attention to these two laws. Based on the statistical analysis of occupational safety and health hazards caused by the compliance weakness of external audits, it was observed that most contractors had a large proportion of the risk of falling and the environmental protection at the construction site. These two items are the two most important items of safety and health hazards for the contractors. This study only analyzed the compliance weakness of the external audits of occupational safety and health in one construction site, and the results could not be analogized to the compliance weakness of audits in other construction sites. In any case, the analysis results of this study pointed out the common types of the compliance weakness of the external audits of occupational safety and health which could provide a reference for managers to intervene in correcting audit compliance weaknesses in the formulation of management strategies, focusing on the key points of workers’ need to strengthen their awareness of occupational safety and health. In addition to requirements for construction quality and project schedules on construction sites, it is necessary to establish the concept that life is priceless and implement occupational safety and health management of labors in order to effectively reduce the occurrence of occupational disasters.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 IV
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VI
第1章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第2章 文獻回顧 3
第3章 研究方法 14
3.1 研究架構 15
3.2 研究設計及對象 16
3.3 研究工具 17
第4章 結果與討論 18
4.1 業主及其所屬廠商描述性統計 18
4.2 業主及其所屬廠商外部稽核缺失分析 26
第5章 結論 77
參考文獻 79
附錄 業主職業安全衛生、交通及環保稽核表 80
附表1 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保稽核查表I 80
附表2 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保稽核查表II 81
附表3 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保內業績查表 82
附表4 監造單位(一級單位)職業安全衛生業務檢查記錄 83
附表5 監造單位(一級單位)職業安全衛生工地現場檢查記錄 84
附表6 監造單位(一級單位)工地安衛環保檢查彙整表 85
附表7 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保稽查表I 86
附表8 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保稽查表II 87
附表9 監造單位(一級單位)交通、安衛、環保內業稽查表 88

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