臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大屯火山群位於臺灣北部，被視為仍有火山活動跡象的活火山，存在大量溫泉與噴氣孔。其中，大油坑為噴氣現象最旺盛區域。溫泉水水質成份變化可視為火山活動的重要指標，為更加了解大屯火山群熱液系統，首先本研究分析溫泉水化學特性，並使用地質溫度計、飽和指數與多成分地質溫度計以及氫氧同位素，探討大屯火山群熱液系統的地熱水儲集層溫度與溫泉補注來源。最後透過大油坑溫泉長期化學成份變化趨勢，探討大油坑區域地熱系統特徵。結果顯示，大屯火山地熱區溫泉特徵受到安山岩與裂隙之分布影響，使中央處溫泉呈中性且溫度較低，而東北與西南兩側溫泉pH值較低，溫度較高。飽和指數指出在大屯火山群中二氧化矽濃度由石英所控制。本研究利用多成分地質溫度計推估儲集層溫度介於130℃~190℃，且在硫磺谷、冷水坑、馬槽與四磺坪等地可能有與地下水混和現象發生。大屯火山群氫氧同位素顯示溪水與地下水補注來源為天水，溫泉水氫氧同位素分別受水岩反應與蒸發影響，使氫氧同位素偏離天水線。另外，根據溫泉長期化學成份變化顯示大油坑受到兩個不同含水層供應，分別為富含SO42-之淺層地熱水含水層以及富含Cl-之深層地熱水含水層。2004至2015年間，大油坑溫泉主要來源為淺層含水層影響，因此溫泉SO42-濃度較高。2015年以後，深層地熱水大量供應至大油坑區域淺層地熱系統，造成溫泉Cl-濃度大幅提升。透過石英地質溫度計指出，2015年後，深層儲集層溫度增加，但地表溫泉溫度卻呈現下降趨勢，顯示深層Cl-地熱水在上升到地表途中，熱量損失，因此即便大量深層Cl-地熱水上升至淺層地熱系統，地表溫泉溫度反而呈現降低趨勢。本研究對於大屯火山群地熱系統之概念模型相關研究提供參考。

The Tatun Volcano Group (TVG) is located in northern Taiwan and consists of many springs and fumaroles. The Tayukeng (TYK) area is the most active fumarole site in the TVG. The variation in the geochemical composition of thermal waters is considered to be an important indicator of volcanic activity. First, we analyzed the chemical and compositions of hot springs in the TVG. Second, chemical and multicomponent geothermometers were used to estimate the reservoir temperature, and hydrogen, as well as oxygen isotopes were used to determine the source of the thermal water. Finally, the long-term geochemical variations of hydrothermal fluids were analyzed and a mechanism responsible for the variation in TYK was also proposed. The presence of thick andesite and fractures allowed the formation of different types of springs in the center close to each other with lower temperatures and acidic springs with higher temperatures at the northeast and southwest sides of the Tatun geothermal field. The saturation index showed that the concentration of SiO2 in the thermal water was controlled by quartz. The multicomponent geothermometer indicated a reservoir temperature between 130 °C and 190 °C, and the geothermal water in Longfengku, Lengshniken, Matsao and Szehuangping may have mixed with shallow groundwater. Isotope data indicated that the stream water and groundwater originated from meteoric water, and the spring water showed a significant oxygen shift, due to water-rock interaction and evaporation. The isotopes of the fluid in the TVG are also affected by the seasonal monsoon. There are two different aquifers beneath the TYK area: a shallow SO4 2--rich aquifer and a deeper aquifer rich in Cl-. TYK thermal water was mainly supplied by the shallow SO4 2-rich aquifer; therefore, the thermal water showed high SO4 2- concentrations. After 2015, the inflow of deep thermal water increased, causing the Cl- concentrations of the TYK to increase. Notably, the inferred reservoir temperature based on quartz geothermometry increased; however, the surface temperature of the spring decreased. We inferred that the enthalpy was lost during transportation to the surface. Therefore, the surface temperature of the spring does not increase with an increased inflow of deep hydrothermal fluid. The results can serve as a reference for understanding the complex evolution of the magma-hydrothermal system in the TVG.

Abstract I
Acknowledgement V
Table of Contents VI
List of Tables VIII
List of Figures IX
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation and Purpose 1
1.2 Scope of study 3
1.3 Thesis outline 3
Chapter 2 Literature review 5
2.1 Overview 5
2.2 Hydrogeochemistry of hydrothermal fluids 5
2.3 Application of geothermometrys 8
2.4 Long-term geochemical signals in hydrothermal fluids 10
Chapter 3 Study Area 12
3.1 Geological setting 12
3.2 Eruption history and recent activity 15
Chapter 4 Materials and Methodology 16
4.1 Data sources 16
4.2 Geothermometry 16
4.2.1 Chemical Geothermometry 16
4.3 Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes 19
4.4 Correlation analysis 20
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion 22
5.1 Hydrogeochemistry and temporal distribution of thermal waters 22
5.2 Geothermometry 29
5.2.1 Classical Geothermometry 29
5.2.2 Multicomponent Geothermometry 33
5.3 Isotope characteristics 35
5.4 Long-term variation in chemical compositions 39
5.5 Evidence of deep Cl- aquifer inflow 47
Chapter 6 Conclusions and suggestions 53
6.1 Conclusions 53
6.2 Suggestions 55
References 56

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