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研究生:張均鈺
研究生(外文):Jyun-Yu Chang
論文名稱:獨立經營平價小火鍋店之顧客消費動機與飲食生活型態研究
論文名稱(外文):A Study of Consumer Motivation and Food Lifestyle: the Case of an Independent Budget Hot Pot Restaurant
指導教授:賴來新賴來新引用關係
指導教授(外文):Lai-Hsin Lai
口試委員:吳宗瓊麥康妮
口試委員(外文):Tsung-Chiung WuAthena Mak
口試日期:2021-05-28
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立東華大學
系所名稱:觀光暨休閒遊憩學系
學門:民生學門
學類:觀光休閒學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2021
畢業學年度:109
語文別:中文
論文頁數:129
中文關鍵詞:平價小火鍋消費動機飲食生活型態獨立經營
外文關鍵詞:Budget hot pot restaurantConsumer motivationFood lifestyleIndependent operation
相關次數:
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根據行政院主計總處及經濟部統計處的餐飲相關調查報告可看出,台灣人民的外食需求逐年提高,餐飲業的營業額也隨之逐年增加,連鎖品牌業者紛紛進入餐飲市場,其中以火鍋業的連鎖品牌增加數占比最大;再加上時下電子商務發展的趨勢,點餐外送服務陸續來台搶占市場,餐飲業者也多選擇與知名點餐外送服務(如:Foodpanda、UberEats)合作,以協助提升店家知名度、擴展客群。
餐飲業中潛藏的發展機會使管理者更容易採用市場導向的策略,考量制定策略前需先深入了解消費者的特性,因此消費動機作為研究消費者行為的基礎而需被探討;除此之外,探查消費者的生活型態可協助管理者掌握顧客的心理或態度傾向,瞭解消費者個人與所處環境互動的全貌。綜言之,本研究之目的在瞭解不同社會人口統計特徵和不同消費習慣之獨立經營平價小火鍋店顧客分別於消費動機及飲食生活型態上的差異。
為達前述目的,本研究選擇使用量化研究調查法,經參考過往文獻後決定引用Renner, Sproesser, Strohbach與Schupp(2012)設計之飲食動機量表(The Eating Motivation Survey,TEMS)及丹麥食物相關顧客關係研究中心(MAPP)(1998)設計之食物有關生活型態量表(Food-related lifestyle,FRL)作為衡量顧客消費動機及飲食生活型態的工具,並透過紙本問卷蒐集至火鍋店內用餐顧客的資料、網路問卷蒐集外送或外帶之顧客資料,二者共計收回278份有效答覆問卷。
研究結果顯示最吸引消費者食用火鍋的因素為喜歡、習慣、需要與飢餓、方便、樂趣及視覺吸引力,整體顧客具有重視與朋友聚餐等社交生活的飲食生活型態。不同社會人口統計特徵的顧客在消費動機上的差異主要發生於不同性別、年齡層、BMI水準、婚姻狀態及居住型態之間,反觀飲食生活型態上則僅在男女性間有顯著差異,女性更重視在家下廚並認為自己有責任提供有營養的餐食給家庭成員。另一方面,不同消費習慣的顧客在消費動機上的差異主要發生在不同用餐經驗、用餐頻率、用餐同伴、用餐方式及購買習慣間,不同用餐頻率、用餐方式及購買習慣的顧客群在飲食生活型態上也有明顯的差異。
本研究比較過往文獻後發現:研究結果中與過往研究相符的是喜歡、習慣及需要與飢餓為受訪者最認同的三個構面,不同性別的顧客在健康及視覺吸引力上存在統計上的顯著差異,不同年齡層的顧客在健康與方便上也有明顯差異;與過往研究不符的是情感調節、社會常規、社會印象並非是認同程度最低的構面,過往研究中也不曾發現不同BMI者在價格上存在明顯差異及不同年齡層的顧客於體重控制上的顯著差異。
According to the catering investigation reports of the General Accounting Office of the Executive Yuan and the Statistics Department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the eat-out demand from Taiwanese has increased year by year, and the revenue of the catering industry has also grown every year. Chain operators have entered the catering market one after another, of which chain brands in the hot pot sector accounted for the most significant increase. Coupled with the current developing trend of e-commerce, food delivery services have successively come to Taiwan for market share. Meanwhile, catering companies also choose to work with well-known food delivery services (such as Foodpanda, Ubereats) to help increase the store's popularity and expand the customer base.
Potential growth opportunities in the catering industry make it easier for managers to adopt market-oriented strategies. It is necessary to understand consumer behaviors at a deeper level before considering the formulation of strategies, and consumer motivations need to be explored as the basis for studying consumer behavior. In addition, exploring the consumer's lifestyle can help managers get hold of the customer's psychological or attitudinal tendencies and understand the overall picture of the consumer's interaction with the dining environment. In summary, this research aims to understand the difference in consumer motivation and food-related lifestyle among customers with different sociodemographic characteristics and consumption habits in an independent budget hot pot restaurant.
In order to achieve the purpose mentioned above, this study adopted a quantitative research investigation method. According to the past literature, it was decided to introduce the Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS) designed by Renner, Sproesser, Strohbach, and Schupp (2012) and the Food-related lifestyle (FRL) designed by the Food-related Customer Relations Research Center (MAPP) (1998) in Denmark. They were used as a tool to measure customers' consumer motivations and food-related lifestyle. Relevant information was collected from customers dining in hot pot restaurants through paper questionnaires. Online questionnaires collect customer information for food delivery or take-out. A total of 278 valid questionnaires were returned.
The research found that the most attractive factors for consumers to have a hot pot are liking, habits, need and hunger, convenience, pleasure, and visual appeal. The overall customer has a food-related lifestyle that values social life, such as gathering with friends. The differences in consumer motivations of customers with different social demographic characteristics mainly occur between different genders, age groups, BMI levels, marital status, and living styles. On the other hand, there are only significant differences between men and women in food-related lifestyle. Women pay more attention to cooking at home and believe that they have a responsibility to provide nutritious meals to family members. The differences in consumer motivations of customers with different consumption habits mainly occur between different dining experiences, dining frequencies, dining companions, dining styles, and purchasing habits. There are also apparent differences in food-related lifestyle of customer groups with different dining frequencies, dining styles, and purchasing habits.
According to the results of this study and other studies, in line with previous research, liking, habits, need and hunger are the three dimensions that respondents most agree with. There are statistically significant differences in the health and visual attractiveness of customers of different genders. There are also apparent differences in convenience among customers of different age groups. Inconsistent with previous research, affect regulation, social norms, and social image are not the least-identified dimensions. In previous studies, there has never been a significant difference in price among people with different BMIs as well as in weight control among different age groups.
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目次 v
表次 vii
圖次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 4
第三節 名詞解釋 5
第四節 研究範圍 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 餐飲業經營模式 7
第二節 台灣的火鍋文化 11
第三節 消費動機 14
第四節 消費動機相關實證研究 29
第五節 生活型態 33
第六節 生活型態相關實證研究 41
第七節 火鍋相關實證研究 43
第八節 點餐外送服務實證研究 45
第三章 研究設計與實施 47
第一節 理論及研究架構圖 47
第二節 研究流程 48
第三節 研究場域 50
第四節 研究對象與抽樣 50
第五節 研究方法與工具 51
第六節 資料蒐集 58
第七節 資料處理與分析 59
第四章 研究結果 61
第一節 社會人口統計及消費習慣概廓 61
第二節 社會人口統計變數差異分析 70
第三節 消費習慣變數差異分析 80
第四節 小結 92
第五章 結論、討論與建議 98
第一節 結論 98
第二節 討論 103
第三節 建議 107
參考文獻 112
附錄 121
附錄一、正式問卷 121
附錄二、食物相關生活型態量表(FRL) 125
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