臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國內傳統物流業者面對線上及線下服務品質等作業要求，如何讓工作流程及物流管理更具效率，透過目前區塊鏈技術發展，探討如何應用該技術於物流管理平台，找出影響區塊鏈技術導入物流管理平台之關鍵性因素。本研究透過第一階段文獻回顧，及「修正式德菲法」8位專家問卷訪查，確立4項主要關鍵性因素、16項次要關鍵性因素之層級架構。第二階段採用「層級分析法（AHP）」，並經由15位專家回饋之意見，進行一致性檢定、權重分析，及建構區塊鏈技術導入物流管理平台關鍵性因素權重排序。
研究結果發現在有限資源下，影響業者前5項決策關鍵性因素，分別聚焦於：「交易處理速度」、「資料正確性」、「系統可靠度」、「資料安全性」及「增加營收」。本研究發現，專家一致認為區塊鏈技術具備系統效率、資料正確、系統可靠度等特性，可以提升業者導入之意願，研究結果可提供業者決策參考，提升經營績效及擴大未來競爭優勢。

Domestic traditional logistic industries are facing both online and offline service quality demands, as how to improve the efficiency of the workflow and logistics management through the current blockchain technology as well as investigating the ways of its application in logistics management platform. This research aims to find out the key factors of the blockchain technology in the logistics management platform.
The first phase, this research will go through literature review and the questionnaire filled out by eight experts specialized in Modified Delphi Method, confirming four major key factors and the hierarchical structure of sixteen secondary key factors. The second phase, per the feedback of fifteen experts and utilized Analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) to conduct consistency verification, weight analysis and build up weight ranking of key factors of the blockchain technology into the logistics management platform.
The results of the study indicates that with limited resources, the top five key factors that affect the industry’s decision-making are focused on: Transaction Processing Efficiency, Data Accuracy, System Reliability, Data Security and Increasing Revenue. Based on the above research findings, experts all agreed that blockchain technology has the characteristics of system efficiency, data accuracy and system reliability, which can incentivize the use of blockchain technology in the industry. The research results can provide industry for decision-making reference, improve business performance and expand future competitive advantages.

誌謝 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 x
第一章、 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究動機 2
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究範圍 6
1.4 研究流程與步驟 7
第二章、 文獻探討 8
2.1 物流 8
2.1.1 物流定義 8
2.1.2 物流目的 9
2.2 區塊鏈技術 11
2.2.1 區塊鏈特性 12
2.2.2 區塊鏈類型 13
2.3 區塊鏈發展 14
2.3.1 加密貨幣（Cryptocurrency） 15
2.3.2 智慧合約（Smart Contract） 16
2.3.3 IOTA技術應用 16
2.3.4 區塊鏈應用於物流系統之概念革新成效 17
2.4 區塊鏈導入物流管理平台之關鍵因素探討 18
2.4.1 日本經濟貿易工業部區塊鏈評估表 18
2.4.2 澳大利亞標準協會區塊鏈標準報告 19
2.4.3 Forrester顧問公司區塊鏈技術預測研究報告 20
2.5 德菲法之理論方法 20
2.5.1 德菲法 20
2.5.2 修正式德菲法 21
2.6 多準則決策分析之理論方法 22
2.7 小結 23
第三章、 研究流程、層級架構建立及研究方法 24
3.1 研究流程 24
3.2 層級架構建立 25
3.3 層級架構修正 31
3.3.1 修正式德菲法施測方法與步驟 31
3.3.2 修正式德菲法專家結論 32
3.3.3 層級構面定義 33
3.4 層級分析法 38
3.4.1 層級分析法問卷研擬 38
3.4.2 層級分析法問卷權重計算方式 39
第四章、 資料分析與研究結果 43
4.1 層級分析專家選擇及施測 43
4.2 分析結果 44
4.2.1 主要構面因素分析 45
4.2.2 次要構面因素分析 46
4.3 關鍵因素整體權重分析 50
第五章、 結論與建議 54
5.1 研究成果 54
5.2 研究貢獻 54
5.3 研究限制 57
5.4 後續研究建議 57
【參考文獻】
中文部分 59
英文部分 61
網頁部分 65
【附錄】
附錄一：第一階段第二次專家問卷 68
附錄二：第二階段問卷 78

【參考文獻】
中文部分
林詠章、林久弘，2018，以太坊智能合約安全之研究，資訊安全通訊期刊，第二十四卷•第三期：16~33頁。
李震華、楊亨利、林湘霖，2019，企業導入區塊鏈技術之關鍵策略要素評估，科技管理學刊，第二十四卷•第四期：1~34頁。
吳子暄，2019，加密貨幣演變開啟期貨新篇章，期貨人，第七十二期：68~73頁。
高以諾，2019，以網路層級分析法探討區塊鏈應用於供應鏈及物流產業之關鍵成功因素，國立成功大學資訊管理所碩士論文。
陳立武、李文森、林彥睿，2017，應用區塊鏈技術發展智慧物流之效益分析，國家發展委員會，1~9頁。
張有恆，2017，現代物流管理：物流與供應鏈整合，臺北市：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
張東風、沈誠，2018，區塊鏈技術在稽核中的應用探討，內部稽核，第一百期：12~21頁。
張義淵，2019，區塊鏈技術應用於採購流程之成本效益調查，國立台灣大學工學院工業工程學研究所在職專班碩士論文。
黃如足，2001，美術館網頁設計及使用性之研究，南華大學美學與藝術管理研究所碩士論文。
章博遠，2019，基於實用拜占庭容錯共識機制的區塊鏈學習成績系統，國立中興大學資訊管理學系碩士學位論文。
唐震寰，2015，物聯網於智慧物流之應用，工業技術研究院，智慧化趨勢下物流及交通產業發展契機研討會。
楊孟輝，2018，開放政府數據：概念、實踐和評價，中國北京，清華大學出版社。
馮靖博，2017，淺談區塊鏈技術之應用，臺北市土木技師電子期刊，1~5頁。
鄧振源、曾國雄，1989，層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（上），中國統計學報，第二十七卷•第六期：13707~13724頁。
鄧振源、曾國雄，1989，層級分析法（AHP）的內涵特性與應用（下），中國統計學報，第二十七卷•第七期：13767~13870頁。
鄧振源，2012，多準則決策分析-方法與應用，臺北市：鼎茂圖書出版股份有限公司。
劉文良，2008，供應鏈管理，臺北市：碁峰資訊出版社。
劉奕成，2018，比特幣在紅什麼？認識加密貨幣與區塊鏈，經理人雜誌，116~117頁。
萬忠騏，2018，區塊鏈商業應用初探，國立臺灣大學管理學院國際企業學系研究所碩士論文。
韓文銘、張均漢，2011，以網路分析法為基礎之敏捷功能點計算模式，資訊管理學報，第十九卷•第三期：591~620頁。
嚴志宏，2009，應用AHP在安全社區指標評估-以臺東縣為例，臺東大學環境經濟資訊管理研究所在職專班碩士論文。
英文部分
Accenture, 2017, Digital Disruption in Freight and Logistics, Ready to Roll, pp. 4-5.
Accenture, 2018, The Promise of Blockchain Technology, Blockchain Transforms Freight and Logistics Industry, pp. 3-5.
Bidgoli, H. 2010, The Handbook of Technology Management: Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and Global Management, John Wiley & Sons, (2:1), pp. 104.
Boberg, A. L., and Morris-Khoo, S. A. 1992, The Delphi Method: A Review of Methodology and an Application in the Evaluation of a Higher Education Program, The Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 7, pp. 37-39.
Buterin, V. 2014, A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform, Ethereum White Paper, pp. 1-34.
Colace, F., Santo, M. D., and Pietrosanto, A. 2006, Evaluation Models for E-Learning Platform: an AHP approach, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Frontiers in Education Conference, 36th Annual, pp. 1-6.
DeSanctis, G., and Courtney, J. F. 1983, Toward friendly user MIS implementation. Communications of the ACM, (26:10), pp. 732-738.
Dinh, T. T. A., Wang, J., Chen, G., Liu, R., Ooi, B. C., and Tan, K. L. 2017, Blockbench: A Framework for Analyzing Private Blockchains, 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data.
Dinh, T. T. A., Liu, R., Zhang, M., Chen, G., Ooi, B. C., and Wang, J. 2018, Untangling Blockchain: A Data Processing View of Blockchain Systems, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, (30:7), pp. 1366-1385.
Forrester Research Inc., 2018, Emerging Technology Projection: The Total Economic Impact Of IBM Blockchain, A Forrester Emerging Technology Projection: Total Economic Impact Study Commissioned By IBM, pp. 4-32.
Gracht, H. A. V. D. 2012, Consensus Measurement in Delphi Studies: Review and Implications for Future Quality Assurance, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (79:8), pp. 1525-1536.
Green, P. E., Wind, Y., and Carroll, J. D. 1973, Multiattribute decisions in marketing: a measurement approach, Hinssdale, IL: Dryden.
Golden, B. L., Wasil, E. A., and Harker, P. T. 1989, Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, pp. 37-58.
Halaburda, H. 2018, Blockchain Revolution without the Blockchain, Communications of the ACM, (61:7), pp. 27-29.
Harker, P. T., and Vargas, L. G. 1987, The Theory of Ratio Scale Estimation: Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process, Management Science, (33:11), pp. 1383-1403.
Heister, S., and Yuthas, K. 2019, The Blockchain and How it Can Influence Conceptions of the Self, Technology in Society, (60:2020), pp. 4.
Hill, K. O., and Fowles, J. 1975, The Methodological Worth of the Delphi Forecasting Technique, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (7:1), pp. 179-192.
Iraj, M., Fazlollahtabar, H., Paydar, M. M., and Armaghan, H. 2008, Applying Multi-Criteria Decision Methods and SWOT Factors to Analyze the Role of Information Technology in Industry Development in Iran, Journal of Applied Sciences, (8:17), pp. 2983-2990.
Kimani, D., Adams, K., Attah-Boakye, R., Ullah, S., Frecknall-Hughes, J., and Kim, J. 2020, Blockchain, Business and the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Whence, Whither, Wherefore and How? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, (161), pp. 16.
Linstone, H. A., and Turoff, M. 1975, The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications, London, United Kingdom: Addison-Wesley.
McFarlane, D., Giannikas, V., and Lu, W. 2016, Intelligent Logistics: Involving the Customer, Institute for Manufacturing, University of Cambridge, pp. 9.
Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry(METI), 2017, Evaluation Forms for Blockchain-Based System, Japan, pp. 4-16.
Murry, J. W., and Hammons, J. O. 1995, Delphi: A Versatile Methodology for Conducting Qualitative Research, The Review of Higher Education, (18:4), pp. 423-436.
Nakamoto, S. 2008, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, Bitcoin White Paper, pp. 1-8.
Niemira, M. P., and Saaty, T. 2004, An Analytic Network Process model for financial-crisis forecasting, International Journal of Forecasting, (40:4), pp. 573-587.
Parr, A., and Shanks, G. 2000, A Model of ERP Project Implementation, Journal of Information Technology, (15:4), pp. 289-303.
Pilkington, M. 2015, Blockchain Technology: Principles and Applications, Research Handbook on Digital Transformations, pp. 10.
Popov, S., Moog, H., Camargo, D., Capossele, A., Dimitrov, V., Gal, A., Greve, A., Kusmierz, B., Mueller, S., Penzkofer, A., Saa, O., Sanders, W., Vigneri, L., Welz, W., and Attias, V. 2020, The Coordicide, IOTA Foundation, pp. 17-23
Rennock, M. J. W., Cohn, A., and Butcher, J. R. 2018, Blockchain Technology and Regulatory Investigations, The Journal Litigation, Thomson Reuters, pp. 36.
Szabo, N. 1996, Smart contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets, Extropy: The Journal of Transhumanist Thought, pp. 16.
Saaty, T. L., 1990, Decision Making for Leaders-the Analytic Hierarchy Process for Decisions in a Complex World, Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications.
Saaty, T. L., 1990, Fundamentals of Decision Making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications.
Sharma, T. K. 2019, Public vs. Private Blockchain : A Comprehensive Comparison, Blockchain Council.
Shee, D. Y., Tzeng, G. H., and Tang, T. I. 2003, AHP, Fuzzy Measure and Fuzzy Integral Approaches for the Appraisal of Information Service Providers in Taiwan, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, (6:1), pp. 8-30.
Skibniewski, M. J., and Chao, L. C. 1992, Evaluation of Advanced Construction Technology with AHP Method. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, (118:3), pp. 577-593.
Standards Australia, 2017, Roadmap for Blockchain Standards Report, pp. 17-22.
Swan, M. 2015, Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy, O’Reilly Media, Inc., First Edition, pp. 1-66.
Tang, Z. 2019, Application Status of Blockchain in Internet of Things, World Scientific Research Journal, (5:10), pp. 101-103.
Tschorsch, F., and Scheuermann, B. 2016, Bitcoin and Beyond: A Technical Survey on Decentralized Digital Currencies, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Communications Surveys & Tutorials, (18:3), pp. 2084-2123.
Vatansever, K., and Akgül, Y. 2017, Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Approaches for Evaluating and Selecting Website: A Literature Review, International Journal of Current Advanced Research, (6:4), pp. 3388-3399.
Wang, W. M., Guo, H., Li, Z., Shen, Y., and Barenji, A. V. 2018, Towards Open and Automated Customer Service: A Blockchain-based AutoML Framework, Research Article of Computer Science and Application Engineering, (27), pp. 5.
Wood, F. D. 1995, International Logistics, New York, Chapman & Hall.
World Economic Forum, 2015, Global Agenda Council on the Future of Software & Society, Deep Shift-Technology Tipping Points and Societal Impact, pp. 26.
Young, L. J. 2019, A Decentralized Token Economy: How Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Can Revolutionize Business, Business Horizons, The Journal of the Kelley School of Business Horizons, Indiana University, pp. 773-784.
Zheng, W., Zheng, Z., Chen, X., Dai, K., Li, P., and Chen, R. 2019, NutBaaS: A Blockchain as a Service Platform, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Access, (7:1), pp. 134430-134431.
Zhu, X., Liu, Y., and Zhao, C. 2019, Smart Contract Design of Asset Transaction on Blockchain, International Core Journal of Engineering, (5:11), pp. 74-84.
Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Chen, X., and Wang, H. 2017, An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends, IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pp. 557-564.