臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在分析美國譯者葛浩文的兩部中文鄉土小說《玫瑰玫瑰我愛你》及《紅高粱家族》之英文譯本翻譯策略。作者使用古特(Gutt)的關聯理論及譯者風格及意識形態作為研究框架，分別以量化分析及質化分析探究葛浩文於兩本譯本中三種類型的文化詞彙翻譯策略。詞彙層面包括(1)慣用語（包括諺語、格言及俗語）、(2)固定片語（包括四字片語及成語）及(3)專有名詞（包括人名、地名、街道／路名及組織名稱）。為探討葛浩文於翻譯兩本小說時分別最常使用的翻譯策略，本研究採用七種翻譯策略作為分析準繩，包括(1)音譯、(2)直譯、(3)文化替代詞、(4)改寫、(5)中性化用詞、(6)增詞及(7)混合策略。
量化研究結果顯示，在台灣小說《玫瑰玫瑰我愛你》之譯本翻譯策略中，葛浩文最常使用改寫策略以翻譯慣用語(55%)及固定片語(75%)，而專有名詞翻譯則以混和策略(50%)之應用比例最高；而中國小說《紅高梁家族》之譯本翻譯策略中，改寫策略亦最常應用於翻譯慣用語(70%)及固定片語(55%)，而混合策略亦則最常應用於專有名詞(55%)翻譯。由關聯理論之角度探究，由於中文之慣用語及固定片語具文化寓意或深度含義的語句特性，故採用改寫策略最能創造便於讓目標語讀者感同身受之情境效果，藉以創造最佳關聯性，使譯文讀來自然並貼近讀者之文化及認知背景。而專有名詞由於指涉特定人事物並具有其象徵意義，故葛浩文偏好採用混和策略將譯文明朗化，提供相似背景知識效果，以最大程度減輕讀者的理解心力。
另一方面，從譯者風格及意識形態角度探討，研究者發現無論翻譯台灣或中國小說，葛浩文都非常重視可讀性及讀者接受度，所以其文學翻譯的首要理念即為致力貼近於美國讀者之背景知識，因為如此，他選擇改寫及混合策略來翻譯兩本小說，期能達成古特的最佳關聯性及溝通效果。

This thesis investigates the strategies applied by Howard Goldblatt, an American translator, to translate two Chinese novels, Rose, Rose, I Love You and Red Sorghum: A Novel of China. The author adopted Gutt’s (1992) Relevance theory and the translator’s style and ideology as theoretical framework. A quantitative analysis is conducted to identify the translation strategies used to translate the three types of culture references: (1) idiomatic expressions (including proverbs, old sayings and slangs), (2) fixed phrases (including four-character phrases and chengyu), and (3) proper nouns (including names of people, names of places, names of road/streets, institutions and organizations) derived from the two Goldblatt’s translation works. Seven translation strategies were chosen as the analytical data, including (1) transliteration, (2) literal translation, (3) cultural equivalent, (4) paraphrase, (5) neutralization, (6) expansion and (7) hybrid.
The results of quantitative analysis show that, in Goldblatt’s translation of the Taiwanese novel, Rose, Rose, I Love You, the most frequently adopted translation strategy is paraphrase for idiomatic expressions, taking up 55%, and for fixed phrases, 75%, while hybrid ranked the first for proper nouns, accounting for 50%. Similarly, in Goldblatt’s translation strategies of the Chinese novel, Red Sorghum: A Novel of China, the most frequently adopted translation strategy is paraphrase for idiomatic expressions, taking up 70%, and for fixed phrases, 55%, whereas hybrid ranked the first in terms of proper nouns, accounting for 55%. Explored from the perspective of the Relevance theory, paraphrase is best fit for translating the linguistic features of deeper connotation and allegoric meanings embodied in the Chinese idiomatic expressions and fixed phrases. Paraphrase can help produce the contextual effect as it relates to the audience’s cultural and cognitive assumptions. Since proper nouns refer to specific people, events and things and embody symbolic meaning, Goldblatt favors the strategy of hybrid to clarify the meanings and provide high contextual effect to minimize the audience’s processing effort.
Furthermore, exploring Goldblatt’s strategies from the translator’s style and ideology, the author discovers that Goldblatt attaches great importance to the readability and the audience’s acceptance when translating either a Taiwanese or a Chinese novel. His primary concern in his literary translation is to seek relevance to American readers’ background knowledge. Thus, he chose the strategies of paraphrase and hybrid to translate the two novels, expecting to achieve Gutt’s optimal relevance and maximize the communication effect.

Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Thematic Importance 1
1.2 Research Objectives and Questions 2
1.3 Research Structure 6
CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL REVIEW 7
2.1 Relevance Theory 7
2.2 The Translator’s Style and Ideology 10
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 Data Collected for Analysis 14
3.2 Research Methods and Procedures 21
3.3 Analysis Criteria 22
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 31
4.1 The Most-often-used Strategies in Goldblatt’s Translation of RRILY 31
4.1.1 The Translations of Idiomatic Expressions 31
4.1.2 The Translations of Fixed Phrases 38
4.1.3 The Translations of Proper Nouns 44
4.2 The Most-often-used Strategies in Goldblatt’s Translation of RS 51
4.2.1 The Translations of Idiomatic Expressions 52
4.2.2 The Translations of Fixed Phrases 58
4.2.3 The Translations of Proper Nouns 64
4.3 The Relevance of Goldblatt’s Chosen Strategies to his Style and Ideology 71
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 75
5.1 Summary 75
5.2 Research Significance 77
5.3 Research Limitations and Suggestions 78
REFERENCES 79
APPENDIX I: Cultural References in Rose, Rose, I Love You 84
APPENDIX II: Cultural References in Red Sorghum: A Novel of China 92

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