臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討含高量植物性蛋白之飼料中添加甲硫胺酸(methionine)及牛磺酸(taurine)對龍膽石斑(Epinephelus lanceolatus)成長表現、體組成與牛磺酸狀態之影響。實驗一，基礎飼料以豆粉取代40%魚粉蛋白(S)，並於基礎飼料中添加0.17%甲硫胺酸(S+M)或0.17%甲硫胺酸與0.1%牛磺酸(S+M+T)，另以全魚粉組(FM)作為對照，實驗飼料共四組，餵予初重41.76 ± 0.32 g之龍膽石斑，每組三重複。以循環水系統養殖，實驗為期八週。增重率、肝體比、腹脂率及血液生化分析等指標在四組間均無顯著差異，飼料效率及蛋白質效率均以FM組顯著高於(p < 0.05)其餘組別。全魚體及肌肉牛磺酸濃度以FM及S+M+T兩組高於S及S+M組，肝臟牛磺酸濃度則以S+M+T組最高，其次為FM組，以S及S+M兩組最低。實驗一結果顯示，含高量豆粉飼料添加甲硫胺酸或牛磺酸，均不影響石斑成長表現，添加牛磺酸可提高體內牛磺酸之蓄積，但添加甲硫胺酸則無此效果。實驗二，基礎飼料以大豆濃縮蛋白取代50%魚粉蛋白(SPC)，於基礎飼料分別添加0.25% (0.25%M)、0.5% (0.5%M)、1% (1%M)的甲硫胺酸，或0.1% (0.1%T)、0.2% (0.2%T)、0.3% (0.3%T)的牛磺酸，並以全魚粉組作為對照(FM)，實驗飼料共8組，餵予初重18.13 ± 0.05 g，每組三重複，以循環水系統養殖，實驗為期八週。結果顯示，SPC組之增重率低於FM組，添加甲硫胺酸及牛磺酸之各組均改善其增重率。魚隻肝體比以FM組顯著高於0.1%T、0.2%T及0.3%T三組。SPC組肌肉及肝臟牛磺酸濃度低於FM組，且隨牛磺酸添加量增加而上升，但添加甲硫胺酸之三組均不影響各組織牛磺酸濃度。SPC組肝臟膽固醇合成相關基因3-羥-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A還原酶(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl -coenzyme A reductase)基因表現高於FM組，但添加甲硫胺酸及牛磺酸均不影響其表現。肝臟中牛磺酸合成相關基因半胱胺酸雙加氧酶(cysteine dioxygenase)表現不受各飼料處理組之影響；SPC組之半胱胺酸亞磺酸脫羧 (cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase)基因表現低於FM組，補充甲硫胺酸後有改善之趨勢，但補充牛磺酸則不影響其表現。實驗二結果顯示，含高量大豆濃縮蛋白飼料中添加甲硫胺酸及牛磺酸可以改善龍膽石斑成長表現，而添加甲硫胺酸無法提高魚體內牛磺酸濃度，顯示龍膽石斑合成牛磺酸能力有限。

The study aims to investigate the effects of dietary taurine and methionine supplementation on growth, body composition and tissue taurine status of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) fed a diet with high plant protein. In Experiment 1, the basal diet containing soybean meal (replaced 40% fishmeal protein) (S) was supplemented with 0.17% of methionine (S+M) or 0.17% of methionine and 0.1% of taurine (S+M+T). All fishmeal diet (FM) was also included for comparison. Total of four experimental diets were each fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 41.76 ± 0.32 g) in a recirculation system for 8 weeks. Weight gain, hepatosomatic index (HSI), visceral fat content and hematological parameters were not different among all dietary treatments. Fish fed the all fishmeal diet had higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio than other dietary groups (p < 0.05). Whole body and muscle taurine concentrations were higher in fish fed FM and S+M+T diets than those in fish fed S and S+M diets. Hepatic taurine concentration was the highest in fish fed the S+M+T diet, followed by fish fed the FM diet, and the lowest in fish fed S and S+M diets. Results indicate that dietary methionine and taurine supplementation could not affect the growth performance of giant grouper. Taurine but not methionine supplementation in the diet enhances tissue taurine accumulation for the fish. In Experiment 2, the basal diet containing soy protein concentrate (replaced 50% fishmeal protein) (SPC) was supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, 1% methionine (0.25%M, 0.5%M, 1%M) or 0.1, 0.2, 0.3% taurine (0.1%T, 0.2%T, 0.3%T). All fishmeal diet (FM) was also included for comparison. Total of eight experimental diets were each fed to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight: 18.13 ± 0.05 g) in a recirculation system for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the SPC diet was lower than that of fish fed the FM diet, and improved by the supplementation of methionine and taurine in diets. Fish fed the FM diet had higher HSI than fish fed 0.1%T, 0.2%T and 0.3%T diets. Muscle and hepatic taurine concentrations were lower in fish fed the SPC diet than those in fish fed the FM diet. Raising dietary taurine, but not methionine, supplementation levels increased the tissue taurine concentrations. The hepatic cholesterol de novo synthesis gene, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), expression was higher in FM group than that in SPC group. Supplementation of taurine and methionine in diet did not affect the HMGCR gene expression. Hepatic taurine synthesis gene, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), expression was similar among all dietary treatments. Another taurine synthesis gene, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), expression was lower in SPC group than that in FM group. Taurine, but not methionine, supplementation in diet improved the CSD gene expression. Results indicated that dietary taurine and methionine supplementation can enhance growth performance of giant grouper fed the diet with high level of SPC. Supplementation of methionine in diet cannot enhance the tissue taurine concentration, suggesting that the ability of taurine synthesis in grouper is limited.

目錄

頁 次
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
謝誌 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X

1. 文獻回顧
1.1石斑魚養殖背景 1
1.2水產養殖及飼料概況 1
1.3人工配合飼料 2
1.4牛磺酸的結構與性質 3
1.5牛磺酸的生理功能 4
1.6牛磺酸對魚類的重要性 6
1.7牛磺酸的生合成 8

2. 含高量豆粉飼料添加甲硫胺酸及牛磺酸對龍膽石斑成長及牛磺酸
狀態之影響(實驗一)
2.1摘要 13
2.2前言 14
2.3材料與方法 16
2.4結果 30
2.5討論 45

3. 含高量大豆濃縮蛋白飼料分別添加不同含量甲硫胺酸及牛磺酸對
龍膽石斑成長、牛磺酸狀態、膽固醇代謝及牛磺酸合成相關基因
表現之影響(實驗二)
3.1摘要 51
3.2前言 52
3.3材料與方法 53
3.4結果 68
3.5討論 92

4. 總結論 100
5. 參考文獻 101

附錄一、胺基酸標準品之圖譜 113
附錄二、以全魚粉及豆粉取代之飼料餵飼龍膽石斑其肝臟中牛磺酸
及亞牛磺酸之代謝路徑 114
附錄三、以全魚粉及大豆濃縮蛋白取代之飼料餵飼龍膽石斑其肝臟
中牛磺酸及亞牛磺酸之代謝路徑 115

6. 作者簡介 116

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