臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

奈米粒子 (Nanoparticles, NPs) 是最近幾年興起的技術，應用於生活上化妝品或是紡織工業，甚至是生醫都有它的生機存在，其合成的方式主要有三種，包括生物合成、物理及化學合成等等，前者為利用建造式的方法將奈米粒子合成出來，後者為利用將大顆粒使顆粒變小；將合成出的物質粒徑大小介於1~100 nm之間的奈米級大小。近年來有使用許多植物的葉片、根、莖、花、樹皮、果實及種子等等合成，也有些是利用芽孢桿菌及乳酸菌等益生菌的上清液來合成。本研究所使用芫荽 (Coriandrum sativum) 綠色合成奈米粒子，將芫荽乾燥後的葉片經過水加熱萃取，合成五種奈米粒子：銀奈米粒子、鋅奈米粒子、銅奈米粒子、鎳奈米粒子及鈦奈米粒子等應用在臨床細菌菌株、標準細菌菌株以及會造成嚴重感染的分枝桿菌，測試不同種類的奈米粒子對於各式菌種的抑制效果。透過測量吸光值變化與奈米粒子合成的狀況，且找出最佳合成條件，再經由表徵分析確認是否形成奈米粒子，利用超音波震盪 (Sonication) 及重新離心上清液讓奈米粒子顆粒盡量達到最小，且分析其元素及組成及製成奈米化。透過奈米粒子進行與臨床細菌菌株、標準致病菌株及分枝桿菌等微生物作為抗菌效果之測試，透過最小抑菌濃度 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC) 及最小殺菌數 (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, MBC) 觀察抑菌效果，實驗結果顯示銀奈米粒子 (AgNPs) 對於臨床致病菌、標準細菌菌株以及分枝桿菌均有抑制的效果，在MIC及MBC中均有明顯的抑菌表現。鎳奈米粒子 (NiNPs) 粒子及鈦奈米粒子 (TiNPs) 對於分枝桿菌的抑制活性，比起臨床細菌菌株及標準細菌菌株更為有效。利用相同濃度的銅奈米粒子 (CuNPs) 進行抑菌活性分析，結果顯示對於革蘭氏陽性菌的效果比革蘭氏陰性菌好。後續對於具有抑菌活性的奈米粒子，可針對其有效濃度、細胞毒性及劑型進行分析，以開發奈米粒子在醫藥上的應用。

Nanoparticles (Nanoparticles, NPs) are a technology that has emerged in recent years. It has many applications such as applied to cosmetics, textiles, and even biomedicine. There are three main ways of synthesis, including biosynthesis and physics, and chemical synthesis, etc. The former is to synthesize nanoparticles by constructive methods. The latter uses large particles to make the particles smaller; the synthesized materials are nanoparticles with a particle size between 1-100 nm level size. Many plants have synthesized many plants using leaves, roots, stems, flowers, bark, fruits, and seeds, and some are synthesized using the supernatant of probiotics such as Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria. This research uses coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) green synthetic nanoparticles. The dried coriander leaves are heated and extracted with water to synthesize five nanoparticles: silver nanoparticles, zinc nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, nickel nanoparticles, and nickel nanoparticles. Was used in clinical bacterial strains, standard bacterial strains, and mycobacteria that can cause serious infections to test the inhibitory effects of different types of nanoparticles on various bacterial species. By measuring the change in absorbance and the state of nanoparticle synthesis, and finding the best synthesis conditions, and then confirming whether nanoparticles are formed through characterization and analysis, using ultrasonic vibration (Sonication) and re-centrifuging the supernatant to make the nanoparticle particles Try to achieve the smallest possible, and analyze its elements and composition and make it into nano. Nanoparticles are used to test the antibacterial effects of clinical bacterial strains, standard pathogenic strains, and mycobacteria as an antibacterial effect by observing through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) antibacterial effect. Experimental results show that AgNPs particles have inhibitory effects on clinical pathogenic bacteria, standard strains, and mycobacteria and have apparent antibacterial performance in MIC and MBC. Nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) and titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs) are more effective in inhibiting mycobacteria than clinical bacterial strains and standard bacterial strains. The CuNPs (copper nanoparticles) had high antibacterial activity to Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacterias when using the same concentration. Subsequent analysis of the effective concentration, cytotoxicity, and dosage form of nanoparticles with antibacterial activity can be conducted to develop the application of nanoparticles in medicine.

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 Coriandrum sativum L. 芫荽 3
2.2 奈米粒子 4
2.2.1 金奈米粒子 (Au) 5
2.2.2 銀奈米粒子 (Ag) 5
2.2.3 鋅奈米粒子 (Zn) 6
2.2.4 銅奈米粒子 (Cu) 6
2.2.5 鎳奈米粒子 (Ni) 6
2.2.6 鈦奈米粒子 (Ti) 6
2.3 實驗用菌種 6
2.3.1 Gram -positive bacteria革蘭氏陽性菌 6
2.3.2 Gram -negative bacteria革蘭氏陰性菌 8
2.3.3 分枝桿菌 10
2.4 實驗用儀器 12
2.4.1掃描電子顯微鏡 (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) 12
2.4.2穿透式電子顯微鏡 (Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM) 12
2.4.3 X射線繞射儀 (X-Ray Diffractometer, XRD) 13
2.4.4 高解析度場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 (FE-SEM) 13
2.4.5 能量分散式X-ray元素分析儀 (EDS) 13
第三章 材料與方法 14
3.1實驗架構 14
3.2 實驗儀器、設備 15
3.2.1使用於國立屏東科技大學生物科技系功能性基因體實驗室 15
3.2.2使用於國立屏東科技大學貴重儀器中心 15
3.2.3使用於國立屏東科技大學工學院之儀器 15
3.3實驗材料 15
3.3.1實驗植物 15
3.3.2 實驗藥品及化學試劑 16
3.3.3 實驗用抗生素 16
3.3.4 實驗培養基 16
3.3.5 實驗菌株 16
3.4 實驗方法 18
3.4.1 備製芫荽水萃液 18
3.4.2 奈米粒子的合成 18
3.4.3 奈米粒子表徵分析 21
3.4.5 奈米粒子抗菌試驗分析 22
3.5.2 CFU 測試菌量濃度 22
3.5.3 最小抑菌濃度 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC) 23
3.5.4 最小抑菌濃度 (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, MBC) 25
第四章 結果與討論 26
4.1 奈米粒子表徵 26
4.1.1銀奈米粒子表徵 26
4.1.2鋅奈米粒子表徵 34
4.1.3銅奈米粒子表徵 42
4.1.2鎳奈米粒子表徵 50
4.1.2鈦奈米粒子表徵 58
4.3 抗菌試驗 66
4.3.1 以CFU測定菌量 66
4.3.2 最小抑菌濃度測試 (MIC) 69
4.3.3 最小殺菌濃度測試 (MBC) 79
第五章 結論 87
第六章 參考文獻 89

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