臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

形狀記憶合金已有數十年的發展，在二元系統及三元系統中皆有許多相關期刊文獻。目前常見的形狀記憶合金有鎳鈦合金、銅基合金及鐵基合金，在產品應用上不只有使用二元合金系統，現在也有許多研究指出，添加不同元素可有效改善合金並加強其性能。本次實驗將探討形狀記憶合金中常用的四個元素鈦銅鎳鋁組成的合金之平衡相圖。
本實驗利用CALPHAD軟體計算出Ti-Cu-Ni-Al四元模擬相圖中的50at%-Ti之截面，並以其模擬相圖為選點基礎，進行800℃恆溫熱處理21天，再進行顯微結構的分析。主要研究方向為尋找四元相圖中的四相區，四相區周圍的四面皆為三相區，利用此規則即可迅速的畫出不同相區的分布，並以此為出發點，進而探討不同相區在四元相圖中的空間位置及不同相對於其他元素的固溶程度。
本次實驗共找到了2個四相區，而且也有配置到該四相區周遭的三相區中之樣品，共找到8個三相區及2個兩相區。實驗中並沒有發現新的四元相形成，不過觀察到τ4-AlNi2Ti與AlCu2Ti之間沒有兩相區的出現，形成一完全固溶的單相區Al(Cu,Ni)2Ti。其餘的相區也有固溶度增加或減少的現象，其中只有CuTi沒有明顯的固溶度變化。

Shape memory alloys have been developed for decades, and there are many related journal articles in both the binary and ternary alloy systems. At present, common shape memory alloys include nickel-titanium alloys, copper-based alloys and iron-based alloys. In applications, not only binary alloy systems are used, but many studies have pointed out that adding different elements can effectively enhance its performance. In this study, we will explore the equilibrium phase diagram of four elements commonly used in shape memory alloys: titanium, copper, nickel, and aluminum.
The CALPHAD method was applied to calculate the 50at%-Ti cross section in the Ti-Cu-Ni-Al quaternary section at 800°C based on our own database, and uses the calculated phase diagram as the guide to select the examination alloy compositions. Those selected alloys were homogenized at 800°C for 21 days and analysis the equilibrium phase types and compositions. The main target is to determine the phase relationships in order to provide the alloy design guide for the new shape memory alloy in this quaternary system.
In this study, we found two four-phase regions along with related three-phase regions and two-phase regions. No new quaternary phase was found in the examined alloy regions. We observed that τ4-AlNi2Ti and AlCu2Ti form a complete solid solution as Al(Cu,Ni)2Ti. The solubility ranges of many binary and ternary intermetallic phases are also determined.

論文審定書 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 xi
壹、 前言 1
貳、 文獻回顧 3
2-1 形狀記憶合金 3
2-1-1 鎳鈦合金 5
2-1-2 鎳鈦銅合金 5
2-1-3 銅鋁鎳合金 6
2-2 相平衡圖 7
2-2-1 Ti-Cu二元系統相平衡圖 7
2-2-2 Ti-Ni二元系統相平衡圖 7
2-2-3 Ti-Al二元系統相平衡圖 8
2-2-4 Cu-Ni二元系統相平衡圖 8
2-2-5 Cu-Al二元系統相平衡圖 8
2-2-6 Ni-Al二元系統相平衡圖 9
2-2-7 Ti-Cu-Ni三元系統相平衡圖 13
2-2-8 Ti-Cu-Al三元系統相平衡圖 13
2-2-9 Ti-Ni-Al三元系統相平衡圖 13
2-2-10 Cu-Ni-Al三元系統相平衡圖 13
參、 實驗步驟 17
3-1合金配置 17
3-2合金熔煉 17
3-3合金熱處理 18
3-4合金處理 18
3-5高解析電子微探儀(EPMA)之分析 18
3-6 X光粉末繞射儀(XRD)之分析 19
肆、 結果與討論 23
4-1 Ti50(Cu,Ni,Al)50之截面相圖研究 27
4-1-1 CuTi2-NiTi2-NiTi-τ4四相區 32
4-1-2 AlTi3-CuTi2-NiTi2-τ4四相區 41
4-1-3 AlTi3-Laves_C14-τ4三相區 49
4-1-4 AlTi3-CuTi2-AlCu2Ti三相區 53
4-1-5 CuTi-CuTi2-AlCu2Ti三相區 57
4-1-6 AlTi3-NiTi2-τ4三相區 60
4-1-7 NiTi-NiTi2-τ4三相區 66
4-1-8 AlTi3-τ4兩相區 71
4-1-9 NiTi-NiTi2兩相區 73
4-2 τ4相之相關探討 75
4-2-1 τ4相之晶格常數 75
4-2-1 τ4相與AlCu2Ti之比較 77
4-3 Ti-Cu-Ni-Al 800℃平衡相圖 79
伍、 結論 80
陸、 參考文獻 81

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