臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對大彰化東南暨西南風場之8MW風力發電系統進行生命週期盤查，盤查製造、運輸、安裝、營運、除役與廢棄物階段的環境衝擊、材料使用、能源投入。本研究應用生命週期評估軟體「openLCA」的「CML」生命週期衝擊評估方法，評估離岸風力系統的環境衝擊與材料使用，並應用「CED」生命週期衝擊評估方法，評估能源的消耗量，利用生命週期清單盤查(Life cycle inventory, LCI)收集的數據資訊，進行環境衝擊模型建置，並逐步針對產品流量(Flow)、流程(Process)與產品系統(Product System)進行建模。
生命週期衝擊評估的環境衝擊類別包含，非生物資源的消耗、酸化、優養化、全球暖化(溫室氣體排放)、人體毒性、臭氧層破壞、光化學氧化、淡水生態毒性、海洋生態毒性與陸地生態毒性。研究結果顯示，在不同的生命週期階段中，環境衝擊最大為製造階段，環境衝擊類別貢獻最大為海洋生態毒性約0.39kg1,4-DB eq/kWh，其次為全球暖化(溫室氣體排放)約2.86g CO2 eq/ kWh；而廢棄物階段則對於離岸風力發電系統的環境衝擊改善有正面的影響。在不同組件中，環境衝擊最大為水下基礎，其環境衝擊最大為海洋生態毒性，其次為人體毒性，再者為酸化。主要原因在於水下基礎大量使用鋼鐵合金材料。
材料使用方面，大彰化東南暨西南風場材料使用最多為鋼材，占整體材料約61.20%，其次則為混凝土約25.86%，再者為鐵約4.39%。每發一度電所需的鋼材約3.967g、混凝土約1.676g、鐵約0.285g。能源投入方面，製造階段能源投入占比最多約78.65%；每度所需能源投入為26.98 kJ/kWh；能源償付期(EPT)約1.8個月。

This study conducted a life cycle assessment survey of the 8MW wind power system of Greater Changhua 1&2a wind farm, and inventoried the environmental impact, material usage, and energy input during the manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, decommissioning and disposal stages. This study applied the embedded "CML" life cycle impact assessment method of "openLCA 1.10.2" LCA software to conduct environmental impact assessment by evaluating its environmental impact and material usage, applied "CED" method to evaluate energy input. Based on the data collection from Life cycle inventory, to build an environmental footprint model, and build up the product flow, process and product system for modelling step by step.
The environmental impact categories, includes Abiotic depletion, Acidification, Eutrophication, Global warming, Human toxicity, Marine aquatic ecotoxicity, Ozone layer depletion, Photochemical oxidation and Terrestrial ecotoxicity. The research results show that in different life cycle stages, the largest environmental impact is the manufacturing stage, which contributed most environmental impact is marine eco-toxicity, which about 0.39kg1,4-DB eq/kWh, followed by climate change, which about 2.86g CO2 eq/kWh, however, EOL stage contributes positive environmental benefit. Among the different components, foundation contributes the most environmental impact, which causes marine eco-toxicity impact, followed by human toxicity, and third is acidification. The main reason is foundation consumes huge amount of ferrous metals.
For material usage, the 8MW wind power system of Greater Changhua 1&2a wind farm consumes the most material is ferrous metal, such as steel, which accounts for 61.20%, and the second is concrete around 25.86%, and third is iron around 4.39%. The 8MW wind power system of Greater Changhua 1&2a wind farm requires 3.967g of steel, about 1.676g of concrete, and about 0.285g of iron per kWh. For energy input requires 26.98 kJ per kWh, especially in the manufacturing stage accounts for 78.65%. The energy payback period (EPT) is approximately 1.8 months.

第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究動機與目的 1
第二節、研究章節架構 5
第二章、文獻回顧 7
第一節、離岸風力發電系統的生命週期評估 7
第二節、環境衝擊類別與能資源投入 11
第三章、研究方法與流程 15
第一節、生命週期評估 15
第二節、研究流程 23
第四章、離岸風力發電系統之生命週期評估 35
第一節、目標與範疇界定 35
第二節、生命週期盤查分析 38
第三節、生命週期衝擊評估 48
第四節、生命週期闡釋 67
第五節、敏感性分析 83
第五章、結論與建議 89
第一節、結論 89
第二節、建議 91
參考文獻 93

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