臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

單光子，做為一個在量子資訊、網絡裡基礎0 與1 的載體，連接著各個不同的節點以傳遞我們所需要的資訊[1]，因為他的量子特性，提供了一個快速且絕對安全通訊環境。而當我們面對一個廣大、需求不同的系統[2]，往往面臨到系統A與系統B 能夠接受的光頻率完全不同，此時，就需要一個媒介使得系統A 丟出的光頻率能夠在維持光的其他特性都不變的前提下做出頻率轉換，也就使得系統A與系統B 能夠做資訊交流，而一個量子頻率轉換器正是我們所需要的。在我們的工作中，我們系統性地研究了一個窄頻的780nm 光子經過一週期性極化磷酸氧鈦鉀晶體以及兩面鍍有不同膜所形成的腔體[3,4]，並同時打入一852nm 的強光使得此光子能夠藉由和頻產生的過程使得波長轉換至407nm，其中我們的單光子源是藉由相同的腔體所產生的，機制則是自發參數下轉換。藉由分析和頻產生後的光子與歸一化的互關聯方程式g2，我們得出此g2 遠大於古典的上限2，也就證明了在我們的系統中，我們有效地保持了光子的量子特性，而最後我們也確認了當單光子通過轉換後是否仍然是單光子。

Single photons, the basic information carrier for linking different nodes of a quantum network[1], provide fast and absolute safety by its quantum nature for communication. Facing the vast network built by various quantum devices[2] operating at different optical frequencies, a device of quantum frequency converter(QFC) that coherently converts the wavelength of single photons from one to another and simultaneously maintain its quantum nature is needed. In this work, we systematically study the QFC for the conversion of the narrow band single photons at 780nm to 407nm based on the sum frequency generation(SFG) in a PPKTP nonlinear crystal within an optical cavity. The single photon is generated by the cavity enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion(CESPDC)[3,4] and is then sent into the QFC device. By analyzing the normalized cross correlation function g2 between the converted photons and the heralding photons, we verified that the g2 values are significantly larger than the classical limit of 2 and thus the quantum nature of the single photons is preserved. And after that, we also checked the converted photon whether it was still a single photon.

致謝 i
摘要 iii
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xvii
第一章引言 1
第二章基本理論 5
2.1 自發參數下轉換(SPDC): 單光子源 5
2.1.1 自由空間 6
2.1.2 腔體條件 9
2.1.2.1 單共振腔體 9
2.1.2.2 雙共振系統 13
2.2 同調相關性量測 16
2.2.1 一階同調相關性量測 16
2.2.2 二階同調相關性量測 26
2.2.3 條件性自相關量測 33
2.3 頻率轉換 36
2.3.1 古典頻率轉換 37
2.3.1.1 和頻轉換 38
2.3.1.2 差頻轉換 41
2.3.2 量子頻率轉換 43
2.4 腔內之頻率轉換 45
2.4.1 轉換效率與相位匹配 45
2.4.2 轉換效率與腔體條件 49
2.4.3 單光子頻率轉換 52
第三章實驗架設與方法 57
3.1 第一腔體: 單光子源 58
3.2 第二腔體: 和頻轉換 69
3.2.1 整體光源之轉換 74
第四章結果與討論 79
4.1 第一腔體: 單光子源 79
4.2 第二腔體: 和頻轉換 90
第五章結論與未來發展 103
附錄A — 其他數據 107
A.1 Signal 或Idler 光之自相關量測 107
A.2 Idler 光之條件性自相關量測 108
參考文獻 111

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