臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討影響高性能PM6:Y6主動層共混形態之因素，我們總結了主要影響主動層共混形態之因素，並針對尚未被充分研究的部分著手，所以選擇了探討傳輸層表面特性與固體添加劑對於PM6:Y6主動層共混形態之影響。首先，我們選用PEDOT:PSS、氧化鎳(NiOx)、溶膠凝膠法所製備的氧化鋅(ZnO(sol-gel))與奈米顆粒型的氧化鋅(ZnO(NP))來做為PM6:Y6衍生有機太陽能電池的傳輸層。這些傳輸層表面具有不一樣的表面能、表面形態與表面粗糙度，將會影響PM6:Y6主動層的沉積，進而產生不一樣的共混形態。因此我們也近一步藉由原子力顯微鏡與低略角繞射技術來瞭解PM6:Y6共混形態上的變化。並在其中觀察到傳輸層誘導效果會隨主動層溶劑不同而有所差異。接著將不同共混形態的PM6:Y6主動層製備成有機光伏元件，並探討共混形態與元件性能之間的關係。其中PEDOT:PSS上chlorobenzene (CB)所製備的主動層展現出大的相域與高的結晶性，使得對應元件展現11.5 %的PCE。ZnO(sol-gel)上的CB衍生元件則展現截然不同的共混形態，但獲得與PEDOT:PSS衍生元件類似的PCE。導入1-chloronaphthalene (CN)添加劑後，共混形態被近一步的改善，進而使元件PCE超過13 %。同時不封裝的ZnO(sol-gel)衍生元件在環境穩定中展現良好的表現。此外，我們評估了不同共混形態的PM6:Y6主動層在室內光下的元件性質表現，其中在ZnO上chloroform (CF)所製備的元件在室內光伏元件的測試中展現出十足的潛力。最後我們也總結了固體添加劑對於PM6:Y6共混形態與元件性能的影響，並總結出高性能固體添加劑須具備的特性。

Investigating the factor which affects the PM6:Y6-based blend morphology is important. Among them, the research of transporting layers-induced the blend morphology and solid additives still isn't enough. So we used PEDOT:PSS, nickel oxide, sol–gel zinc oxides and nanoparticle zinc oxides as buffer layers to fabricate PM6:Y6–based organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. These buffer layers exhibited various surface properties (including surface energies, morphologies, and roughnesses) that affected the subsequent deposition of PM6:Y6 blend films. According the results of atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy, we observed significant difference of PM6:Y6 blend film morphologies on the different buffer layers. Furthermore, the surface-induced PM6:Y6 blend morphology affected the mechanism of carrier recombination and the device performance. In the chlorobenzene tested systems, the PEDOT:PSS–based devices possessed larger phase-segregated domains, and stronger molecular packing than the ZnO-based device, all of which resulted in OPVs presenting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 11 %. When incorporating 1-chloronaphthalene as an additive during deposition of PM6:Y6 blend film, the molecular packing was further enhanced, thereby improving the PCE of up to 13 %. Moreover, the behavior of surface-induced blend morphology strongly depended on solvent evaporation. In the chlorobenzene tested systems, the PEDOT:PSS and ZnO-based devices presented similar blend morphology, thereby, respected similar device performance. Devices incorporating ZnO (sol–gel) presenting performance comparable with that of the PEDOT: PSS–based devices, and exhibited greater air stability (25 ℃, 40 % humidity) without encapsulation. Besides, we also investigated the PM6:Y6-based device in the indoor OPV application, and presented a great potential. Finally, we investigated the effect of blend morphology and device performance when PM6:Y6 incorporating solid additive, summarizing the fundamental requirements of the solid additives.

論文口試委員審定書 i
序言 iii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-1-1 有機光電材料之特性 4
1-2 有機光伏元件 6
1-2-1 有機光伏元件之工作原理 6
1-2-2 有機光伏元件之元件結構 8
1-2-3 有機光伏元件之主動層材料 11
1-2-4 有機太陽能電池 13
1-2-5 室內光有機太陽能電池 24
1-3 主動層共混形態 30
1-3-1 主動層共混形態的生成 31
1-3-2 控制主動層共混形態的方法 34
1-4 研究動機 41
第二章 PM6/Y6混摻形態對於有機光伏元件性能之影響探討 42
2-1 材料特性 42
2-2 實驗設計 44
2-3 結果與討論 45
2-3-1 傳輸層的表面特性 45
2-3-2 傳輸層對於主動層共混形態之影響 48
2-3-3 不同溶劑或添加劑對於傳輸層誘導主動層形態之影響 54
2-3-4 不同共混形態對於有機太陽能電池性能之影響 62
2-3-5 不同共混形態對於室內光有機太陽能電池性能之影響 69
2-3-6 固體添加劑對於主動層共混形態與元件性能之影響 73
第三章 結論 76
第四章 未來展望 77
第五章 實驗細節 78
4-1 使用藥品與溶劑 78
4-2 使用儀器 79
4-3 元件製程 81
參考文獻 83
作者介紹 95
發表著作 96

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