臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

酪梨被認為是不耐淹水之果樹，酪梨淹水相關研究使用之品種多為墨西哥系，在臺灣尚未有相關研究，而臺灣常見品種多屬西印度系，耐逆性可能具有差異。本試驗選用‘秋可得’(‘Choquatte’)、‘厚兒’(‘Hall’)、‘黑美人’(‘Black-Beauty’)、‘紅心圓’(‘Hong-Sin-Yuan’)及‘章安’(‘Chang-Ann’)五個臺灣常見酪梨品種之實生苗及嫁接苗作為材料，以溫度與水分因子組合探討高溫淹水對酪梨生理影響。溫度設定以日夜溫35/30℃、30/25℃兩個不同高溫模擬臺灣目前夏季狀況，分別給予淹水與正常澆灌兩種水分處理，並在淹水4天及回復期4天期間，持續測定氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光參數變化，並分析葉片之總酚含量、DPPH清除率與抗氧化酵素活性，了解酪梨植株葉片在高溫淹水環境下抗氧化力變化，期望能了解不同品種對高溫淹水反應的差異，並由生理或生化含量的變化，建立適合做為酪梨淹水耐性評估的指標。以‘秋可得’、‘厚兒’之實生苗與‘黑美人’、‘紅心圓’之嫁接苗作為材料，進行品種、溫度、水分三因子分析，氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光在淹水4天與離水回復4天後皆顯著降低。淹水環境下總酚含量與DPPH清除率無顯著變化，僅35/30℃高溫處理8天後兩項參數顯著下降，丙二醛含量在高溫與淹水處理則皆無顯著差異。‘秋可得’、‘厚兒’、 ‘黑美人’、‘紅心圓’4個品種在35/30℃與30/25℃淹水環境之氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光變化，在35/30℃中，兩項參數在各品種的表現都較在30/25℃中更早下降，且溫度與淹水與否並無交感效應，推測高溫淹水下的逆境反應更為迅速，應為兩種逆境同時發生之疊加效果。比較‘黑美人’與‘紅心圓’嫁接苗的淹水反應，在35/30℃淹水環境下，兩品種在氣孔導度、葉綠素螢光、總酚含量、DPPH清除率與抗氧化酵素活性變化表現皆相近，顯示砧木對酪梨之耐逆性影響較大。‘黑美人’、‘紅心圓’、‘章安’實生苗的比較試驗中，根據氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光相關參數之表現，‘黑美人’與‘章安’相較於‘紅心圓’在35/30℃淹水環境下表現更好，兩項參數在處理期間較慢開始下降，顯示‘黑美人’與‘章安’在高溫下對於淹水反應有較佳的耐性。

Avocado is considered to be sensitive to waterlogging. Varieties belonging to Mexican race were most studied in the waterlogging research. However, more cultivars in Taiwan were West Indian race and there was no related study on the waterlogging issue. Different botanical races may show different responses to flooding conditions. In this experiment, the seedlings and grafted seedlings of avocado varieties in Taiwan, including ‘Choquatte’, ‘Hall’, ‘Black-Beauty’, ‘Hong-Sin-Yuan’and ‘Chang-Ann’, were selected as materials, and the combining factors of the high-temperature and flooding were treated to investigate the physiological performance of avocados. Two day and night temperature 35/30℃ and 30/25℃ were set to simulate summer temperature of Taiwan. Stomatal conductance and variations of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured, and the total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging ratio and antioxidant enzyme activity of the leaves were analyzed to explore the avocado plant leaves under high-temperature flooding conditions were observed. Stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased significantly after 4 days of flooding and 4 days of recovery period. The varience showed significantly only under 35/30℃ treatment for 8 days. However, there was no significant in total phenolic content and DPPH scavenging ratio after flooding treatment. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed no significicant difference under temperature and flooding combination treatments. The changes of stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased earlier in 35/30℃, but there was no interaction effect between high-temperature and flooding. The more rapid stress response of high-temperature and flooding may be the superimposed effect of the two stresses occurring at the same time. In the comparative experiment of grafted seedlings of ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Hong-Sin-Yuan’, under 35/30℃ flooding environment, the two varieties showed similar changes in stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, total phenol content, DPPH scavenging ratio and antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating that the rootstock has a greater impact on the stress tolerance of avocado. In the comparison experiment of seedlings of ‘Black-Beauty’, ‘Hong-Sin-Yuan’, and ‘Chang-Ann’, according to the performance of stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence, ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Chang-Ann’ perform better in 35/30℃ flooding environment compared with ‘Hong-Sin-Yuan’, and the two parameters have a late fall time, which can be used as a recommended rootstock.

致謝.....i
中文摘要 .....ii
Abstract.....iv
目錄.....vi
表目錄.....viii
圖目錄.....ix
第一章 前言.....1
第二章 前人研究.....2
一、酪梨產業現況.....2
二、淹水的風險與對環境的影響.....3
三、植物在淹水逆境下的型態變化.....4
1.通氣組織.....4
2.不定根.....5
3.基部肥大與皮孔增生.....6
4.果樹的例子.....6
四、植物在淹水逆境下的生理反應.....7
1.葉片下垂與萎凋.....7
2.生長抑制、葉片老化與提早落葉.....7
3.氣孔導度.....8
4.光合作用相關參數.....9
5.活性氧族含量.....10
6.丙二醛含量.....11
7.抗氧化酵素活性變化.....11
8.非酵素型抗氧化物含量.....12
五、酪梨淹水反應的相關研究.....12
1.生長調查.....13
2.氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光.....13
3.轉錄體分析.....14
第三章 材料與方法.....15
一、試驗材料15
1.酪梨植株與試驗流程.....15
2.試藥.....16
3.儀器.....17
二、試驗方法.....18
1.氣孔導度測量.....18
2.葉綠素螢光測量.....18
3.總酚含量分析.....18
4.DPPH自由基清除率分析.....19
5.丙二醛含量分析.....20
6.過氧化氫酶活性測定.....21
7.抗壞血酸過氧化氫酶.....22
8.蛋白質濃度分析.....23
三、統計分析.....23
第四章 結果與討論.....24
一、酪梨於高溫與淹水狀態的生理生化表現.....24
1.氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光.....24
2.總酚含量、丙二醛含量及抗氧化力.....26
3.不同品種在高溫及淹水環境時的反應表現.....28
二、‘黑美人’、‘紅心圓’及‘章安’之逆境生理指標表現.....29
1.氣孔導度與葉綠素螢光參數.....29
2.總酚含量、丙二醛含量與DPPH清除率.....32
3.抗氧化酵素之變化.....34
三、影響氣孔導度之環境因素.....36
1.光強度.....37
2.光質.....37
3.光波動.....38
第五章 總結.....39
表.....40
圖.....51
參考文獻.....83
附錄.....99

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