臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　由於國內非直轄市之縣市人口不斷流失，近年政府推動地方創生政策，透過改善地方整體經濟與生活環境，以期各地經濟均衡發展。政府認為地方若能振興產業發展，增加工作機會，就能吸引更多青年回鄉或移居鄉村，使人力資源投入當地經濟。然而青年回鄉或移居鄉村的原因，除了經濟的考量之外，也可能是出自於對鄉村社會文化的嚮往與社會網絡的情感等心理因素，而形成遷徙至鄉村的想法。因此，本研究欲了解吸引青年自願回鄉的因素。而過去研究青年回鄉的文獻僅訪談青年回鄉的原因，並無相關實證研究探討影響青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的心理因素。
　　本研究以Ajzen（1985）的計畫行為理論（Theory of Planned Behavior），結合De Jong & Fawcett（1981）的期望價值理論（Value-Expectancy Model），探討形成青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的心理因素，並分析這些心理因素對於青年遷徙鄉村意願形成的影響效果。本研究以偏最小平方法結構方程模型（Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Model），驗證心理因素與青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的相關性，再以單元排序性機率模型（Ordered Probit Model）分析心理因素對於青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的影響效果。研究結果發現，青年對於回鄉或移居鄉村的態度，包括期望價值理論的財富與聯繫構面，以及其主觀上的行為控制，均對遷徙鄉村意願有正向的影響效果。本研究也發現回鄉青年、18歲至35歲的青年、家中經濟支柱、過去沒有超過兩年的遷徙經驗及除了農業外也從事其他職業的青年，其回鄉或者移居鄉村的意願較高。除此之外，本研究也發現，部分社會經濟背景變項對於回鄉或移居鄉村的態度會產生調節的作用。男性相較於女性，較可能因預期獲得慰藉此期望價值因而提高其遷至鄉村的意願。相較於移居鄉村的青年，回鄉青年較可能會因為想獲得慰藉與美德等期望價值而有較高的遷徙意願。

Because of shrinking population in non-municipalities in Taiwan, the government promotes Regional Revitalization Policy to improve the economics and living environment in recent years, and thus reach the balance of urban and rural development. The policy is expected to increase employment opportunity and attract more young people to return home or migrate to the rural area and to engage in the local economy. However, economic returns might not be the only reason for youth to migrate to rural areas, while the social culture of the rural areas may be.
Due to the lack of research on the determining factors of youth’s home return or rural migration, this study uses the synthesis of the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985) and Value-Expectancy Model (De Jong & Fawcett, 1981) to analyze the psychological factors that can explain youth’s intention on home return or rural migration. The empirical analysis is carried out through the partial least-squares structural equation model and ordered probit model. It is found that wealth and affiliation constructs of youth’s attitude and perceived behavioral control contribute positively to the behavioral intention of home return or rural migration. Compared to the base group, youth who is under 35 years old, returns to hometown, has both farming and other occupation, has no previous migration experience, or is the household head has a higher probability to migrate to rural areas. Additionally, some of the socio-economic characteristics are found to moderate the relationship between youth’s attitude and migration intention. In comparison, the male may want to attain comfort by moving to the rural area and youth returning to the hometown may want to attain comfort or moral by moving to the rural area.

謝辭 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
第一章　緒論 1
第一節　研究背景 1
第二節　研究動機與目的 1
第三節　研究對象、架構與流程 3
第二章　文獻回顧 6
第一節　解釋遷徙意圖及行為的理論 6
第二節　遷徙行為相關文獻常用的研究方法 22
第三章　實證設計、資料概述與變數說明 25
第一節　偏最小平方法結構方程模型 25
第二節　單元排序性機率模型 31
第三節　實證設計 32
第四節　資料來源、變數定義說明及基本統計特性 36
第四章　實證結果 47
第一節　青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的形成因素 47
第二節　心理因素對青年回鄉或移居鄉村意願的影響效果 48
第五章　結論 54
參考文獻 56

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